Ubuzima
Amafoto yanyuma ya Bobby Fisher, umukinnyi wa cheledied, ntabwo ameze nkako amashusho ya 70, igihe nyampinga wisi muri Chess (imikurire yumuntu - cm 185) yari muri zenith yicyubahiro. Imyaka ibiri mbere y'urupfu rwe, umugabo, kandi nta magambo atari yo muri adresse y'ibihugu bitandukanye, yahagaritse kuyobora mu kiganiro. Ingaruka zabaye ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, kimwe n'ubusaza kure ya bahanganye n'intwari no mu marushanwa ashimishije.URUBYIRUKO
Ubuzima bwa Chess Buntar ikomoka ku ya 9 Werurwe 1943. Umuhungu yavukiye i Chicago, aho Mama Bobby, Regina Fisher, yimukiye i Moscou, aho yahawe ubuvuzi. Ku mugaragaro, se w'umwana ni Umunyabuzima w'Ubudage Hans-Gerhard Fisher, ariko mbere yuko ivuka ry'uwo mwashakanye atabana igihe kirekire.
Abahanga mu binyabuzima bavuga ko umubyeyi wa Bobby afite umuhanga mu mibare y'Abayahudi Paul Negoye, werekanye uruhare runini mu kurera umwana. Kubera ko nyina w'i Bobby yari uhagarariye abantu batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, ntaza mu bayahudi bo mu Bayahudi ubwe bari mubwenegihugu bw'Abayahudi.
Gukunda chess bigaragaje kuva batembera saa 6, mugihe mushikiwabo yerekanye tekinike shingiro yumuhungu yumukino. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, abana batazi itandukaniro riri hagati yumutwe n'umwamikazi, bahagaritse gushishikazwa numwana. Gusobanukirwa ko chess yambuwe bebby mu bwana, Mama yagerageje kubuza umuhungu gukina. Igikorwa nk'iki gihe cyarangije umubano hagati ya Regina na Bobby.
Gucura umukinnyi ukiri muto mu rugamba rwo kurwanya abatavuga rumwe na bo babaye mu 1957. Muri kiriya gihe, umwangavu yujuje imyaka 14, ahubwo yatsindiye umutwe wa nyampinga mu bangano mu bunganira umusore ntacyo yagizengorera cyane. Muri uwo mwaka, Bobby yajugunye ishuri, avuga ko bene wabo batashobora kumwigisha, kandi amasomo afata igihe cyo guhugura.
Chess
Bidatinze, Umuryango w'Abanyamerika wa Chess Abakinnyi baremeje ko Bobby w'imyaka 15 y'amavuko yashoboraga kwihanganira abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwaho. Mu 1958, nyuma ya Shampiyona y'Amerika yakurikiyeho, uwo musore yagiye muri Yugosilaviya, aho bifata ahantu 5-6 mu marushanwa, ariko akora ibisanzwe bituma umutwe wumvikane.
Tigran Petrosyan yabaye umwanzi ukunze kugaragara mu bakinnyi bahembe b'Abasoviet. Abagabo binjiye mu ntambara ya siporo inshuro 27, icya mbere cyabaye mu 1958 i Moscou. Mugihe cyo kumenya Petrosyan, yatsindiye ingimbi yoroheje, ariko agirirwa inama cyane bagenzi be kwibuka izina rya Novice.
Petrosyan yari afite ukuri. Ishuri ryimyaka 2 ikurikira ryerekanye impamvu zitigeze zibaho. Umusore yatsindiye mumarushanwa mpuzamahanga 4. Ariko gushushanya na Mikhail Botvinnik muri imwe mu mikino yararakaye cyane maze ashyiraho umusore kurwanya abakinnyi bahembe ya Soviet.
Fisher yavuze ko umugambi mubisha wamukikije, inyuma ya Ussisr. Mu myigaragambyo, imyaka 3 yakurikiyeho, umusore ntiyitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga.
Imwe mumikino ikomeye cyane kumukinnyi wa chess yabaye mu 1972. Urugamba rwo gutwikira nyampinga w'isi rwatangiye igihe kinini mbere ya Boris Spassky na Bobby Fisher yicaye ku meza. Umunyamerika yahinduye ibisabwa inshuro nyinshi, atera kutagaragara mu marushanwa niba abateguye batazahaza ibyifuzo bye.
Ikigega cyateganijwe rero cyumukinnyi wa Chess cyazamutse ku $ 250.000, kandi ibyabaye ubwabyo byabaye nyuma yiminsi 10 itariki yatangaje. Impamvu yo kwimurwa yari iyanga rya Bobby yo kwinjira mu ndege - Umugabo atinyaga ko Sabotters y'Abarusiya izaturika imodoka. Intambara yo guhana amazina ya nyampinga Fisher yatsinze. Ariko chess, Ubuhanga ntibyagaragaye muri White House kugirango bumve imvugo yishimiye kwa perezida.
Mu 1975, Fisher yongeye gutungurwa na rubanda. Iki gihe umukinnyi wa Chess yanze kwitabira igikombe cyisi, aha umutwe wisi anatoly karpov. Inyandiko yemewe y'abanyamerika kunanirwa kugaragara kuri iri rushanwa - abateguye ntibujuje ibisabwa umugabo yavuze. Ibihugu nk'ibyo byababaje abarobyi, maze avuga ko atagikinira cyangwa atekereza kuri chess.
Bobby yagumye ari umwizerwa ku cyemezo cye kugeza 1992. Mu mukino w'ubucuruzi - kwihorera hamwe na Boris Plasky, ubwo fisher yemeye giturumbuka, guverinoma y'Amerika yabonye ihohoterwa rikorerwa impagari mpuzamahanga. Uyu mugabo yakanguye igihe cy'imyaka 10. Ariko Bobby aracyagaragara kuri duel, yizeye ko imibare yimikino yabanjirije itangiye.
Nyuma yizindi ntsinzi kuri Spass, umuhanga mu cyuho yahuye nihitamo ritoroshye. Ntibyashobokaga gusubira muri Amerika Umugabo, nuko Bobby yagiye kwa Budapest, aho yimukiye muri Filipine, aga nyuma y'indogobe igihe kirekire mu Buyapani.
Mu 2004, abarobyi ba Bobby batawe muri yombi bagerageza kugera muri Filipine kuri pasiporo itemewe. Guverinoma ya Amerika, irambiwe gutanga ibitekerezo byiza kugirango yirinde isoni, yahagaritse ubwenegihugu bwabakinnyi ba chess. Dukurikije ibihuha bitagerwaho, ibyatsi bya nyuma kubanyamerika byari bibi cyane kuroba ibitero by'iterabwoba byo mu 2001 i New York.
Igihugu cyemeye kwakira impunzi cyabaye iceland. Nyuma yo kwimura uburobyi mu munyarwanda mushya, ibitangazamakuru ku isi kwagura amagambo ya chess yo muri Amerika. Umugabo ahamagara igihugu cye ikibi, kigenzura Abayahudi. Icyakora, ikiganiro cya nyuma hamwe na nyampinga cyuzuyemo umururazi n'ubugome na Amerika, abahoze ari abo bahanganye.
Cyane yabonye Harry Kasparov na Anatoly Karpov. Ibyerekeye Kasparov, umugabo yashubije nk'umugizi wa nabi kandi avuga ko imikino 1984-1985 yagabanijwe na KGB. Uguhunzi bw'ubusazi byakoze ku ntambara ya kirimbuzi, nk'uko umukinnyi wa Chess abitangaza, Abanyamerika bazatangira vuba.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umubano wambere ukomeye mubuzima wa Bobby wagaragaye muri 1990. Umukinnyi wa Chess uvuye muri Hongiya Peter Harihani yatangajwe cyane na Fisheri yaratsinze ibigirwamana, yandikira ikigirwamana. Bobby yashubije ubutumwa burebure mumwaka gusa. Ariko igihe kirekire nticyakonjesha inyungu za RCchanti.
Bidatinze, umukobwa yimukiye ikundwa i Los Angeles. Umuroma yarangiye mu myaka 2. Peter, arambiwe ukuri kwa mukundwa, yanze kuba umugore we bamba kandi agoretse igitabo hamwe numukinnyi wa cheviet.
Umuryango nyawo wagaragaye kuri bobby mu 2000. Umugabo yimukiye mu Buyapani kugeza igihe kirekire kimenyerewe na mugenzi wawe ku kibaho cya chesa. Umugore aguma iruhande rwumukunzi we, nubwo ibibazo byo mumitekerereze ya Fisher. Abayapani bahinduye amaso ko umukobwa utemewe akura muri Filipine, yatekerejwe mu gihe cyo kubana na Mariblen w'imyaka 22.
Abakunzi bashakanye mu rufungi 2004, aho umukinnyi wa chess yaje nyuma yo kugerageza kuva mu gihugu kuri pasiporo itemewe.
Urupfu
Bobby Fisher yapfuye ku ya 17 Mutarama 2008. Impamvu y'urupfu yatsinzwe. Indwara yahishuwe mu cyiciro cya mbere kandi yashoboraga guhagarikwa nyuma yo kubagwa, ariko Fisher yanze ku bushake igikorwa. Nk'uko inshuti z'isi zo mu Isilande, Bobby ntabwo yemera ubuvuzi bw'iburengerazuba.
Gwiza yashyinguwe ku irimbi ry'Abagatolika ry'umujyi wa Selfoss. Mu nzira iheruka mu mihanga, abantu bake gusa ni bo bagerwaho, muri bo Meko yari. Umurwayi inshuti y'ubuzima nyuma yimyaka myinshi yimanza nudukoko twahawe umurage. Kuva mu eccentric bakundwa vatai yabonye miliyoni 2 z'amadolari.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Mu mwaka wa 2011, documentaire "ahigwa ku isi yose" irasohoka. Filime ya biografiya yatorewe igihembo cya Emmy muri icyiciro "firime nziza".
- Muri 2015, filime "Linazi Pawn" yasohotse. Ishusho ya Bobby yashyizwemo umukinnyi Toby Toby Maguire.
- Mu 1981, umukinnyi wa Chess yatawe muri yombi akekwaho ubujura bwa banki. Abagabo bitiranyije undi ukekwaho. Nyuma y'umwanzuro mugufi, Fisher yasohoye igitabo "Nababajwe na gereza ya Pasadani."
- Bobby ntabwo yizeye inoti zo muri Amerika, nuko akomeza kuzigama mu tubari twa zahabu.
- Fisher yavuze indimi 5 z'amahanga. Ubushobozi bwo gutanga indimi umugabo yimuriwe muri nyina uzi indimi 8.
Intsinzi
- 1956 - Shampiyona y'Amerika
- 1957 - Shampiyona Nshya ya Jersey
- 1960 - Igikombe cya Amerika cya XIV
- 1961 - XV US Us US
- 1962 - Amarushanwa ya 5 ya Chess muri Stockholm
- 1962 - Shampiyona y'Amerika y'Amerika
- 1963 - Fungura Shampiyona ya Leta ya New York
- 1963 - XVIIII THANIONTHIONE YO UKWEZI
- 1965 - XX US Us shampiyona
- 1967 - Champiresi
- 1972 - Intsinzi mumikino yumutwe wa chess yisi