Biography
Mifananidzo yekupedzisira ye bobby fisher, tarenda mutambi mutambi, kwete sezvinoita mifananidzo yemakumi manomwe, apo iyo nyika yemunhu muChess (Chikuru chomurume - 185 cm) aive muZenith wekubwinya. Kwemakore akati wandei vasati vafa, murume, uye pasina zvirevo zvisiri izvo mukero dzakasiyana-siyana, vakamira kuzvidzora panguva yekubvunzurudzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive kuderedzwa kwevagari veUS, pamwe nekukwegura kubva kumakwenzi akashinga uye anonakidza emakwikwi.Vechidiki Vechidiki
Biography yeChess Buntar anobva munaKurume 9, 1943. Mukomana akaberekerwa muChicago, uko amai Bobby, Regina Fisher, vakatama kubva kuMoscow, kwaakagamuchira dzidzo yekurapa. Pamutemo, baba vemwana vaive veGerman biologist Hans-Gerhaard Fisher, asi vasati azvarwa mwanakomana wemumwe mukadzi, asingagare pamwe kwenguva yakareba.
Vapunreger vanopokana kuti mubereki waBobby aigona kuve mune yechiJudha masjecitian masjecitian Paul nehunye, uyo airatidza kutora chikamu zvakanyanya mukurera mwana. Sezvo amai veBobby aive mumiriri wevaSemitiki vanhu, mudzivisi anouya evaJudha aive ari werudzi rwechiJudha.
Kuda chess kwakazviratidza kubva kuBobby na6, apo hanzvadzi yacho yakaratidza maitiro emukomana emutambo. Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, vana vasingazive mutsauko uripo pakati pemakungwa nemambokadzi, akamira kufarira mwana. Kunzwisisa kuti Choss Chess akabvisa Bobby achiri mudiki, Amai vakaedza kurambidza mukomana kuti atambe. Chiitiko chakadaro nekukurumidza chaive chakapambwa hukama pakati peRegina uye bobby.
Dutu remutambi mudiki muhondo kurwisa vapikisi vakakomba vakaitika muna 1957. Panguva iyoyo, achiri kuyaruka akatendeuka ane makore gumi nematatu, asi kuhwina musoro wemakwikwi pakati pevaJuniors ainzi jaya harina kuoma zvakanyanya. Gore rimwe chetero, Bobby akakanda chikoro, achireva kuti hama dzake dzisingagoni kumudzidzisa chimwe chinhu, uye zvidzidzo zvinongotora nguva kubva mukudzidziswa.
Chess
Nenguva isipi nharaunda yeAmerica yevatambi veSESS yakave nechokwadi chekuti Bobby ane makore gumi nemashanu anogona kurarama noutsinye nekuita nevapikisi vazhinji vepamhepo. Muna 1958, mushure mekunge Mutongi wechipiri wechidiki anoenda kuYugoslavia, kwainotora nzvimbo 5-6 mumitambo yemakwikwi, asi inoita tsika iyo inobvumira zita rambuya.
Tigran Petrosyan akazova muvengi wenguva dzose wehove pakati peSoviet Chess plet. Varume vakapinda muhondo yemitambo 27 times, yekutanga yeiyo yakaitika muna 1958 muMoscow. Munguva yekuzivana kwaPetrosyan, akakunda achiri mudiki ane nyore, asi akaraira nharo chaizvo kuti vayeuke zita revapfungwa.
Petrosyan aitaura chokwadi. Makore maviri anotevera fisheri airatidza mhedzisiro yavasina kumboitika. Jaya rakatsvaga mumitambo makumi mana emitambo yenyika. Asi dhizaini naMika Botvinnik pane imwe yemitambo yakatsamwira bobby uye ikaita jaya kurwisa vatambi veSoviet chess.
Fisher akataura kuti rangano racho raive richimukomberedza, kumashure iro hurumende yeUSSr. Mukuratidzira, makore matatu akatevera, jaya racho harina kutora chikamu mumatanho epasi rese.
Imwe yemitambo yakakosha kwazvo yemutambi chess yakaitika muna 1972. Kurwira kwezita remutungamiriri wenyika kwakatangira Boris Spassky uye Bobby Fisher akagara pasi patafura. Iyo American yakachinja zvinodiwa kakawanda, ichityisidzira kuti arege kuoneka mumakwikwi kana varongi vasingazive zvikumbiro zvake.
Saka mari yemubhadharo yemutambi weChess akamuka kusvika pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, uye chiitiko ichocho chaive chakaitika mazuva gumi mushure mekunge zuva rakaziviswa. Chikonzero chekutamiswa chaive chekuzeza cheBobby kuti vapinde mundege - murume wacho aitya kuti Russian Saboteurs aizoputika mota. Hondo yeMusoro weMusoro Wekuridza Fisher Won. Asi chess gusius haana kana kuoneka mupamba chena kuti ateerere kutaurwa kwekunyepedzera kwemutungamiriri.
Muna 1975, Fishemu akavhundusa veruzhinji. Panguva ino iyo Chess Player yakaramba kutora chikamu mumukombe wepasirese, ichipa nyika nyeredzi zita reAnatoly Karpov. Iyo vhezheni yepamutemo yevashandisi vekuAmerican kutadza kuoneka mumakwikwi - iwo magrhizimendi haana kuzadzisa mamiriro ezvinhu akawanikwa nemurume. Kusaremekedza kwakadaro kwakarwadza moto, uye akataura kuti aisazotamba kana kufunga nezve chess.
Bobby akaramba akatendeka kune danho rake kusvika muna 1992. Mumutambo wekutengesa-kutsiva ne boris Spassky, nekuti ndeipi fishher yakangoerekana yabvuma, hurumende yeUS yakaona kutyorwa kweInternational embargo. Iye murume akatyisidzira kusungwa kwechinguva makore gumi. Asi Bobby achiri kuoneka kuna Duel, achitarisira kuti manhamba emitambo yapfuura yaizoramba isina kuchinjika.
Pashure pokunge mumwe kukunda pamusoro peSpass, Chess Genius akatarisana nesarudzo yakaoma. Izvo zvaive zvisingaite kuti udzokere kuUSA murume, saka Bobby akaenda kuUSA, akaenda kuBudapest, kubva kwaakatanga kuPhilippines, uye mushure medongoro kwenguva yakareba muJapan.
Muna 2004, Bobby Fisher akasungwa achiedza kusvika kuPhilippines pasipoti isiriyo. Hurumende yeUS, ndaneta nekupa pfungwa huru kuti dzirege kunyara, dzakabviswa mugari wemutambi we Chess. Maererano nerunyararo rusinafirwe, rusununguko rwekupedzisira rwevaAmerican zvaive zvisingaremekedzwe zvisizvo Fisher nezvekurwiswa kwegandanga kwe2001 muNew York.
Nyika yacho yakabvumirana kugamuchira Refugi yakava iceland. Mushure mekufamba fishhane kune imwe imba nyowani, iyo yenyika yechipiri yakawedzera chirevo cheUS Chess mutambi. Iye murume akafona zvakaipa zvake, anodzora maJuda. Nekudaro, kubvunzurudza kwekupedzisira neyaichimbova mhirizhonga kuzere nekuvava uye zvakaipa pamusoro peAmerica, uye vaimbova vakwikwidzana.
Nyaya dzakatora Harry Kasparov uye Anatoly Karpov. About Kasparov, murume akapindura semutsotsi uye akapokana kuti mitambo 1984-1985 yaitamiswa neKGB. Mapenzi eFishirms eFisheri akabatawo hondo yenyukireya, iyo, maererano nemutambi we chess, maAmerican achakurumidza.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ukama hwakakomba hwakakomba muhupenyu hweBobby rakaonekwa muna 1990. Chess Player kubva kuHungary Peter Ryachani akafadzwa kwazvo nekubudirira kwaFishi, izvo zvakanyora tsamba kuchifananidzo. Bobby akapindura meseji refu chete mugore. Asi nguva refu haina kutonhorera kufarira kwe rychanti.
Nenguva isipi musikana akatamira kudiwa muLos Angeles. Roman yakapera mumakore maviri. Peter, ndaneta nemusoro womudiwa wake, akaramba kuve mukadzi wake Bobby uye akakombama noumhu neiyo Soviet Chess Pless.
Mhuri chaiyo yakaonekwa pa bobby muna 2000. Mumwe murume akatamira kuJapan kusvika kune refu-akamira akajairwa uye pamwe naye paanogadzira gaya chess bhodhi. Mukadzi akaramba ari padyo nemudiwa wake, kunyangwe matambudziko epfungwa eFisheri. MaJapan akavhara maziso ake kuti aunyeve kuti mwanasikana ari pamutemo anokura muPhilippines zvisiri pamutemo, akaomeswa panguva yekubatira nemari ane makore makumi maviri nemasere emari yeMarilyn yang.
Vanoda vakaroorwa muna 2004 mutorongo, uko mutambi weChess akawana mushure mekuedza kubva munyika pasipoti isiriyo.
Rufu
Bobby Fisher akafa muna Ndira 17, 2008. Kukonzera rufu kwaive kwekutadza kwaRental. Chirwere ichi chakaratidzwa mumatanho ekutanga uye zvinogona kumiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, asi Fisheri nokuzvidira haana kuvimbika. Sekureva kweshamwari dzecalandic, Bobby aisatenda kumadokero.
Sekuru vakavigwa pamakuva echiKaturike weguta reSelfoss. Munzira yekupedzisira yehunyanzvi, vanhu vashoma chete ndivo vaizopedzwa, pakati pavo Meko. Murwere shamwari yehupenyu mushure memakore akati wandei ekufamba kwematare uye nyonganiso yakagashira nhaka. Kubva kuEcccccentric Deventric Vatai akawana madhora maviri emamiriyoni.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Muna 2011, zvinyorwa "Bobby Fisher kurwisa nyika yose" yakabuda. Iyo biographical firimu yakasarudzwa kune iyo emmy award muchikamu "yakanaka kwazvo inopera firimu".
- Muna 2015, iyo Feature Firimu "Sonazing Pawn" akabuda. Mufananidzo weBobby aive akasungwa neActor Toby Maguire.
- Muna 1981, iyo Chess Player yakasungwa nekufungidzira kwekubira kwebhangi. Varume vanovhiringidzika nemumwe munhu anofungidzira. Pashure pokunge mhedziso pfupi, Fisheri aburitsa bhuku racho "Ndakatambudzwa nejeri raPasaden."
- Bobby haana kuvimba neAmerican Banknotes, saka akachengeta yake yekuchengetedza mumabhawa egoridhe.
- Fisher akataura mitauro mashanu ekunze. Kugona kwemapopiniti murume akaendeswa kuna amai vaiziva mitauro 8.
Kukunda
- 1956 - US Junor Championship
- 1957 - New Jersey Championship
- 1960 - XIV US Championship
- 1961 - XV US Championship
- 1962 - 5th Interzone Chess Touramendi muStockholm
- 1962 - Xvii US Championship
- 1963 - Vhura New York State Championship
- 1963 - Xvii US Championship
- 1965 - XX US Championship
- 1967 - XXI US Championship
- 1972 - kukunda mumutambo wezita reWorld chess Chess Chikwampi