Ubuzima
Erun Antonison Van Antine, uzwi cyane nka Jerome Bosch, - Umuhanzi wo mu Buholandi wa Renaissance, yahujije intego nziza, ya fililoplamike, ya filozofiya n'impamvu za fililophique mu gishushanyo cye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Jerome Bosch yavutse ahagana 1453 muri Hertohenbos (Intara ya Brabant). Umuryango we, ukomoka mu mujyi wa Aalian w'Ubudage (kuva aho yakiriye izina rya nyuma), igihe kinini yahujwe n'uburobyi bwo guhanga. Sogokuru Yeromiya, Jan Van, kimwe na bane mu bahungu be batanu, barimo se w'umuhanzi uzaza Anthony, bari barangi.
Amahugurwa yumuryango Van Akenov yakoze amabwiriza yo gushushanya urukuta, gucuranga ibishusho byimbaho hamwe no gukora ibikoresho byitorero. Birashoboka, muriyi blanjemith ishushanya Jerome Bosch kandi yakiriye amasomo yambere yo guhanga. Mu 1478, igihe se apfuye, Bosch ahinduka nyir'amahugurwa yubuhanzi.
Kuvuga bwa mbere Ieronim yanditswe kumwaka 1480. Hanyuma, ashaka gutangira ubucuruzi bwe no kwitandukanya n'amazina ya Aken, yajyanye alias alias alias piater alieeronimus ku izina rya Bosch, riva mu izina ry'umujyi yavukiyemo.
Mu 1486, impinduka ziza mu mibereho ya Jerome Bosch: Yinjiye mu buvandimwe nyina w'Imana - umuryango w'amadini wahariwe gusenga Mariya Mariya. Arakora imirimo yo guhanga - gukurura urugendo rw'iminsi mikuru n'imihango, ashushanya igicaniro cya Chapel ya kivandimwe muri katedrali ya St. Yohana. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, intego z'amadini zibera umugozi utukura ku murimo wa Jerome.
Gushushanya
Ibishushanyo byambere bizwi bya Bosch, bikaba byaranze imico yuzuye, bivugwa ko ari hagati ya 1470. Urugero rero, mugihe cya 1475-1480, imirimo "ibyaha birindwi byanyuma nibindi bibanza", "Ubukwe" na "Gusiba amabuye yuzuzanya" ("imikorere yubuswa").
Ibi bikora hypnotize abo mu gihe. Urugero, umwami wa Espagne Filipo wai yarumiwe "ibyaha birindwi bipfa ..." mubyumba bye bipfa ... "Mubyumba bye, kugirango ibitekerezo bye byibasiye imbyaha bya Kamere muntu bumve birakabije kamere yumuntu.
Mu gushushanya kwambere, Ieronim arasetsa abanyarukundo rwabantu, intege nke zabo imbere ya chanlatans, harimo no mu mwenda wa Monastique. Mu 1490-1500, Bosch itera ishusho yubugome cyane y "ubwato bwabapfu", bugaragaza abihayimana. Babiba indirimbo bakikijwe n'ibihuru, kandi ubwato butegeka induru.
Hano hari ahantu mu mirimo ya Bosch na nyaburanga. Kurugero, muri Triptikha "Ubusitani bwisi bushimisha", IEronim yerekana isi ku munsi wa gatatu wo kurema Imana. Hagati yishusho - abantu bambaye ubusa bapimwe murwego rwibyishimo, kandi hafi yabo - inyamaswa ninyoni bibangamira ubunini bwabo.
Ikinini kinini cyimirimo yarokotse ya Bosch ni Urukiko rwa Triptych "ruteye ubwoba". Mu gice cyo hagati, urukiko ruteye ubwoba rugaragarira mu buryo butaziguye, aho abakiranutsi bari mu kirere cy'inuma barwanyije n'abanyabyaha barwanyije n'imyambi n'amacumu. Ku gihato - Iparadizo muburyo bukomeye. Imbere yerekana ko Eva hashyizweho, ugereranije n'ibishuko bya Adamu na Eva Apple ubwumvikane, kandi inyuma - Umukerubi, ubirukana muri Edeni. Kuburyo bwiza sash tryptic yerekana ikuzimu.
Bosch yo gutanga ibihangano muri Triptych. Kurugero, ishusho "ninde Sena" nanone igizwe nibice bitatu. Mu gice cyo hagati, imbaga irangara igereranywa, ifata ibiti by'ibyatsi binini. Rero, umuhanzi yanze umururumba.
Byongeye kandi, kuri canvas, urashobora kubona ishema mu ishusho y'abatware b'isi na roho, ibibi mu rukundo bakundana na babiri n'amafaranga - mu myamu yahagaritswe. Ibumoso kandi iburyo nishushanyijeho intego zimaze kumenyera - ikuzimu no kugwa kwa Adamu na Eva.
Dukurikije amashusho ya Bosch, ntibishoboka kuvuga ko yagiye ku bwoko runaka bwo gushushanya. PORTRAITS, Ahantu nyaburanga, amashusho yubwubatsi, inyamanswa na rakoma byagaragaye muri canvase. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Jerome afatwa nk'umwe mu bagize urufatiro rw'ubutaka n'ishusho nyabagendwa mu Burayi.
Ikintu cyihariye cyo guhanga umuriro wa Jerome nuko yabaye uwambere mu isanduku ya etratriots na etudes mbere yo kwimukira mubyaremwe byuzuye. Ibishushanyo bimwe byabonye urumuri muburyo bwo gushushanya na triptychs. Akenshi igishushanyo ni imbuto zibitekerezo bya pitter yahumetswe namashusho yinyamanswa ya gothique, yabonye ku mashusho cyangwa ibiciro by'itorero.
Biraranga kandi ko Ieronim Bosch atasinye kandi ntabwo yasinye imirimo ye. Nk'uko abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi, amarangi ndwi gusa yashyizweho umukono ukuboko kwa Databuja. Ayo mazina intare ifite uyumunsi irashobora kuba yarahimbwe na gato uwakiriye ubwe, ariko yabitswe kuri saitaloga ya museum.
IEronim Bosch yakoraga mu buhanga bwa la prima (kuva. Na la prima - "mukwicara"), nibwo buryo bwa peteroli burangiza bubaka byuzuye. Muburyo gakondo bwo gushushanya, umuhanzi ategereje ikirangi mbere yo gushyira ikindi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe nubusazi bwose bwibishushanyo byubuhanzi, Jerome Bosch ntabwo yari wenyine. Mu 1981, yashakanye na Aleit GAyariyats Van der Meerven, hamwe nibitekerezo, byamenyerewe kuva mu bwana. Yari hanze yumuryango ukize kandi wicyubahiro kandi yazanaga uwo bashakanye igihugu gikomeye.
Gushyingirwa ntibyasize abamukomokaho, ariko bitanga imibereho myiza ya Jerome. Kuva avuye mu ishyingiranwa rye, yajyanywe kuri ayo mategeko yamuzaniye imico, ntabwo ari ibinezeza.
Urupfu
Irangi yapfuye ku ya 9 Kanama 1516. Gushyingura byabereye muri chapel ya katedrali ya St. John, umutware ushushanyije, kuba yiyemeje igitekerezo cyubuvandimwe bwa Madamu wacu. Impamvu y'urupfu, bitandukanye no guhanga Jerome, ntibishoboka ku izina - icyo gihe umuhanzi yari afite imyaka 67. Ariko, ibinyejana byinshi nyuma yamateka yo gushyingura yerekana ibintu bitangaje.
Mu 1977, imva irakinguwe, ariko ntihasigaye hariya. Umuhanga mu by'amateka Hans Galfe, wayoboye ubucukuzi, abwira ko igice cy'ibuye cyabonetse mu mva. Igihe yashyirwaga munsi ya microscope, yatangiye gushyuha akagira urumuri. Kubera iki kintu gishimishije, ubucukuzi bwafashwe icyemezo cyo guhagarara.
Akazi
AKAZI KA Bosch abitswe muri galeries n'ingoro ndangamurage ku isi - mu Buholandi, Espanye, Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Ububiligi, Retiari
- 1475-1480 - "ibyaha birindwi byapfaga nibintu bine byanyuma"
- 1480-1485 - "Kubambwa hamwe na Donitor"
- 1490-1500 - "INGINGO ZA CECHODIA N'INITANGA"
- 1490-1500 - "Ikamba rya Crumpled"
- 1490-1500 - "Ubusitani bwibinezeza kwisi"
- 1495-1505 - "Urukiko ruteye ubwoba"
- 1500 - "Urupfu rw'igipupe"
- 1500-1502 - "Sena"
- 1500-1510 - "Ikigeragezo cya Mutagatifu Anthony"
- 1505-1515 - "Hahirwa kandi uravumwe"