Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwuyu mugore ufite impano azwiho ibyagezweho numwuga. Izina nifoto yerekana amashusho ya Olga-Ceki mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, yambitswe ibyapa bivuga ikinamico kizwi cyane, ku ntambwe yakanye na Stanishevsky. Mu ntangiriro z'umwuga, yahuye n'urukundo runini kandi rwonyine - umwanditsi Anton Chekhov, igitabo cyabo cyavugije induru imyaka isigaye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Olga Mailper yavutse ku ya 21 Nzeri 1868 mu mujyi wa Glazov w'intara ya VYATKA. Se w'ikidodo wa Leonard - Ikidage cya Alsatian cyacitsemo ibice, kavukire wa Prussia, yakoraga nka injeniyeri-injeniyeri-technologiya. Nyina wa Anna Ivanovna Salza - umucuranzi, yagowe ijwi ryiza acuranga piyano.
Abashakanye bakuye abana batatu - Kontantin, Olga na Vladimir. Mu 1871, umuryango w'ibyapa wimukiye i Moscou. Abana bashimira nyina bakuze mu kirere cyo guhanga: Mu minsi mikuru, bikozwe mu muziki byateguwe, bo ubwabo badoda, barangiza indirimbo, bize indirimbo ziracyakorwa.
Yavukiye muri Olga ikiri gito mubikorwa byubuhanzi, ariko Data yarose kumukobwa-umuhanzi kandi muburyo bwose yamuteye inkunga. Nanone, Olga yize indimi z'amahanga kuva mu bwana, yari ifite icyongereza rwose, igifaransa n'Ikidage. Ariko umukobwa ntabwo yagombaga gukora. Mu gusoza siporo y'abagore bigenga, yabayeho "yabaga umudamu."
Ibintu byose byahinduye urupfu rwa Data mu 1894. Imiterere yubukungu yumuryango yangiritse cyane. Hano, mu muziki ushinzwe umuziki wa Anna Ivanovna wari ingirakamaro, yatanze amasomo yihariye, kandi nyuma yigihe gito aba umwarimu wo kuririmba mwishuri rya Philharmonic. Orga na Vladimir nka ba nyina bashobora gufasha. Icyo gihe cya Kontantin cyakoreye muri Caucase.
Ikinamico
Kurota ku mwuga wo gukora, Olga yagerageje inshuro ebyiri kugirango abone imyuga. Ku nshuro ya mbere, umukobwa yagerageje imbaraga ze muri sitidiyo y'Umukinnyi n'umwigisha wa Alexandere Lensky, ariko ntiyabonye umukinnyi wa firigo kazaza. Ikigeragezo cya kabiri nacyo cyatsinzwe: Mu 1895 yajyanywe muri studio zidasanzwe z'ishuri rito ry'ikinamico mito y'impyiko, ariko yirukanwe nyuma y'ibizamini bya mbere bitemewe.
Nkuko byagaragaye, "kugabanywa" byahinduwe: Olga yafashe umuntu ugereranya umuntu ugera ku rutonde. Ibi birori byari bigoye cyane kumukobwa, kandi bigakora, nkaho byakubiswe, byohereza ibyiza kubahanzi. Muri uwo mwaka, yinjira mu ishuri rihanitse ku ishuri rya Phiscoun (ubu rititis). Ibitabo bya bagenzi bawe byari Vsevolod Meyerter, Ivan Moskvin, Maria Ubuyobozi bwa Mht.
Umujyanama w'Umwanditsi mukuru yari umuntu w'igitabo cyitwa The Matrical Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Niwe wambere wabaye impano yumunyeshuri we, kandi mu 1898, nyuma yo kurekura iryo tsinda, arahamagarira OKGA mu matsinda ya The Mancow yaremwe na we. Byongeye kandi, mu gikiniro cya mbere cya MHT "tsar fyodor Yohana" ku mukino wa Alexe Alexe wigana Olga, uruhare runini rwatanzwe - umwamikazi wa Irina. Umugabane watsinze bidasanzwe, kandi uruhare rukurikira ntirwari kure.
Muri uwo mwaka, indwara zatangiye "inagoli", muri ubwo buryo bwa Olga Leonardovna yakiriye uruhare rwa Arcadine. Tropleva yakinnye meyerque, na Trigorin - Stanislavsky. Premiere yo gukina yabereye umwaka mushya, kandi yari intsinzi nyayo, sale yashakishije ikinamico y'abakinnyi bahagaze. Vuba "Chaika" yabaye ikarita yubucuruzi ya MHT.
Anton Pavlovich nyuma ya Premiere yananiranye ya "Seagulls" mu murwa mukuru Alexandriany Theatre ntabwo yemeraga gutsinda icyiciro cya Moscou, ariko aracyasura ikinamico kandi yakundaga umukino w'imiterere nyamukuru. Ibi bitekerezo kandi byagize ishingiro ryamateka yamateka yatangaje y'urukundo no gushyingirwa nyuma.
Ariko, ndetse yahambiriye umwanditsi, Olga Leonardovna ntabwo yazamutseho ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru, yamaze kurwara cyane, i Yalta, akomeza gukina ibibera kuri theatre yakundaga. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa "segolls", ikinamico cya Chekhov cyabaye gakondo kubibera MHT. "Unlande ya Bashiki bacu '," bashiki bacu batatu "," muri ibyo bikorwa byose olga knoper berekeza mu nshingano nyinshi.
Ati: "Sinzi uburyo bwo kujya ku ruhare rw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe byo hanze, bivuye mu buryo bwo hanze, mu buryo bwo hanze, kugira ngo bifashishe ubufasha bwa tekinike imwe ... mugihe hari ikintu kivuka mu bugingo bwanjye, ubwoko bumwe bw'abantu ntibuzagaragara - Ntabwo nshobora gukina. Yanditse ati: "Nita ubu bukwe bwibanga" burya. "
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Antoton Pavlovich, umukinnyi wa filime igihe kinini yasezeye, ariko arongera arahindurwa, umukino we wahinduwe, uhinduka cyane kandi ugenda cyane kandi uhagurutse. Muri ikinyamakuru cyo mu gitabo cyagaragaye ku ruhare rushya no gukorwa. Umuhanzi yakinnye muri Gogolev "umugenzuzi" wa Gogolev, urusami rwa Alexander Griboedov na Moliere "mu musozi wa Heran", igihe twe, abapfuye, tukangure "na benshi abandi.
Hamwe no gutangira ibintu byimpinduramatwara yitsinda rya MHT riva mu kuzenguruka. Kuva mu 1919 kugeza 1922, Olga Leonardovna n'itsinda ryakoze urugendo rwakoze imigi yo mu majyepfo y'Uburusiya, ndetse n'Uburayi na Amerika. Mu gice, ibyo bitera kuzerera - intambara y'abenegihugu yari mu gihugu cyabo kavukire, kandi abahanzi ntibagize amahirwe yo kugaruka no gukora nka mbere.
By'uko hirya no muri izo ngendo zivuga ko izina ribiri ryumuhanzi ryavutse - ckin chekhov. Dukurikije umugani wa Zargreb wongeyeho ko imyifatire y'ikigo cy'ikigo, igitabo-Chekhov yahisemo kwandika mu cyambu, avuga izina ry'umukinnyi uzwi cyane w'umugabo we. Kandi amayeri yakoraga - abari aho bari muri salle barabiganiraho.
Olga Leonardovna yasubiye i Moscou mu 1924. Ariko guhera ubu, ikinyamakuru cyayo ntikiginini nka mbere. Abami ba Chekhov nibindi bikorwa bya kera byavanyweho, usibye, abashinzwe kuba abari bato baje muri theatre, bafata inshingano zabanje kubitegura. Kuri umukinnyi wa filime, igihe cy'imyaka cyabayeho: Ubujura bw'Abanyabwenge ", Nadezhda Lvovna mu" kirwani c'intwari 14-69 ", Madamu Markby" Amafaranga meza ", izuka".
Mu 1937, Olga Leonardovna yakiriye igihembo cya Leta n'izina ry'umuhanzi w'abantu. Ariko rero habaye ibihembo byahise. Muri ikinamico y'Abasoviyeti, nta nshingano zahoze ari igikomangoma, ntiyigeze yumva ku mashusho y'abagore, abagore b'intwari kandi bike bakunze kugaragara kumwanya wa kavukire. Ubwanyuma umukinnyi wagiye kumakadiri akunda mu 1950 muri "izuka".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nubwo uwo muziranye na Teaticcal Priss ya Mht akaba n'umwanditsi w'indashyikirwa yabaye mu myitozo ya Kina ", Chekhov ndetse yakundaga kubona Olga mu rwego rwo gushyiraho Induina. Yanditse ku mvugosha yabwiye umukinnyi wa filime:
"Irina, mu buryo bwanjye, ni kinini. Ijwi, abanyacyubahiro, Icissia - Nibyiza cyane ko no mu mbogamizi ... Iyo nza kuguma i muri Moscou, nakundana niyi Irina. "Hafi ya Olga na Anton Pavlovich batangiye gushyikirana nyuma ya Premiere ya "Seagulls" mu 1899. Muri uwo mwaka, umwanditsi yasuye inzu ya umukinyi wa mukinnyi, na we yasuye umutungo we muri Melikov. Noneho, kuba kure, abashakanye batangiye kwandikirana. Ikiganiro cya Epistolar kiganiro mugihe cyintoki n'imitima. Mu 1901, Chekhov na breper barubatse. Kuberako byombi byari ubukwe bwa mbere. Mu busore bwe, Olga yari afite igitabo kimwe gusa - hamwe na Engineer azwi cyane mu Burusiya Vladimir Shukhov.
Ariko, nyuma yubukwe, abashakanye babonye impungenge. Indwara ye yasabye ahantu hahoraho mu bushyuhe - mu majyepfo, maze umuhamagaro we wakwegeraga ku isi. Ariko, Chekhov ubwe ntanumwe muriyo nuburyo ashobora guhumuriza umugore we mu mabaruwa ye ashyushye kandi akora ku mutima:
"Uracira urubanza uko bikwiye: Iyo wabanye nanjye muri Yalta igihe cy'itumba, noneho ubuzima bwawe bwakwangirika, kandi numva nicumuye ibitangaje. N'ubundi kandi, nari nzi ko nashakanye na Umukinnyi wakize, ni ukuvuga ko yashyingiwe, byaragaragaye ko uzaba i Moscou. "
Amabaruwa niyo nzira yonyine yo gutumanaho hagati yabakundana. Ni urukundo rwabo, hamwe nubuhanga bwubuvanganzo, bufatwa nkumurage utagereranywa wumwanditsi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, imyitwarire yigitabo yamaganwe kwisi ndetse ikwitirirwa ibiti bye bitabaho hamwe numugabo uzwi. By'umwiyongera cyane kwanga umugore wa Anton Chekhov nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu 1904.
Umugore yashoboye kurokoka iyi myifatire, ariko bidatinze yatsindiye ko mbere yuko aba nyuma, kwibuka kwizerwa kwa Bogatvita Anton Pavlovich yagumye. Umugore wubatse atagisohoka akamara iminsi yose wenyine.
Urupfu
Umukinnyi w'indashyikirwa Olga Windowper-Chekhov Yagiye ku ya 22 Werurwe 1959 i Moscou kubera indwara ndende. Primatical Prima ishyingurwa ku irimbi rya Novodevichy.Ibitaramo
- 1898 - "Inyanja"
- 1899 - "Nyirarume Vanya"
- 1900 - "Umukobwa wa shelegi"
- 1901 - "Bashiki bacu batatu"
- 1901 - "Ivanov"
- 1904 - "Cherry Ubusitani"
- 1905 - "Abana b'izuba"
- 1908 - "Umugenzuzi"
- 1913 - "Umurwayi Mnimy"
- 1924 - "Ku ruhande rwose rworoshye bworoshye"