Tari
Sholom Aleichm ne mai marubuci wanda galibi ake kiran hasken littattafan Yahudawa. Shine wanda ya sami nasarar bayyana rayuwar da al'adun Yahudawa, suna jaddada hikima da walwala daga wannan al'umma. Sholom Alafiyomhher daya daga cikin na farko da aka yanke shawarar rubuta a kan Yaren Siddish, replenisied of Compungiyoyin Piggy Bank of wannan harshe da yara da masu karatu daga cikin sauran al'adu da shekaru.Yaro da matasa
Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich - Wannan shi ne ainihin sunan marubucin - wanda aka haife shi a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1859 a cikin birnin Pereyaslavl (tsohuwar sunan birnin Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky). Yarencin na marubucin nan gaba ya wuce a ƙauyen Voronovkov (yanzu yankin Kiev ne Kiev, gundumar borispolsky). Yaron ya rasa mahaifiyarta - saurayin, sai ta rasu.
Daga farkon shekaru, Solomon Rabinovich an rarrabe shi daga pereta tunani da ƙauna don tunani. Sulemanu ya fara rubutu da wuri, kuma tuni yana da shekara 15, wahayi daga wurin Daniel Defo Robinson Kruzo, saurayi ya yanke shawarar zama marubuci. A lokaci guda, da Seicom Seich Odeichem ya bayyana, wanda a cikin fassarar yana ma'anar "zaman lafiya a gare ku" - wannan shine yadda gaisuwa ta gargajiya ta ke so.
Bayan kammala karatun daga makaranta, Solomon Rabinovich nan da nan ya fara aiki. Matashin ya shiga cikin koyawa, yana koyar da 'yan iyaye masu tsaro ga masu horo na makaranta. Daya daga cikin daliban Solomon ne zinari Loeva (a wasu hanyoyin da ake kira yarinyar da ake kira Olga).
Jin jin daɗin soyayya ya tashi tsakanin mashawarci da ɗalibin, amma mahaifin yarinyar, wanda ya mallaki Loev, an ƙarfafa shi a kan malami talakawa. Don haka sholom Alafiichhhem sun rasa wannan aikin kuma ya tilasta wa ƙasarsa Pereyaslavl.
Litattafai
Har zuwa 1880, Sholom Seichm ya tabbatar da salon nasa kuma akai-akai aika labarai da kuma labarai cikin labarai daban-daban a cikin begen bugawa. Koyaya, yana da kamar yadda ake karba koyaushe - yanki daya kawai aka buga a wannan lokacin (abin da aka buga a St. Sportersburg ".
A cikin layi daya tare da marubucin Sholom Quichm, aikin jama'a ya kware: Solomon Ratitinovich yana son yin magana a cikin jama'a, ya yi daidai da minaleji da labarai na nasu. A hankali, sunan Solomuichm ya zama abin yarda, marubucin ya bayyana ga magoya baya na farko.
A farkon 1880, an buɗe sabon shafin a cikin tarihin rayuwar Shole-Alichema: Marubucin ya fara rubuta ne akan IdIšy. Sholom Aleich yana son ci gaba da bayyana al'adun Yahudawa masu amfani, kuma amfani da asalin harshe yana da mahimmanci a gare shi.
Ayyukan farko da suka gabata sune labarin "biyu" da ɗan gajeren labari da ake kira "zaɓe" a cikin "Dokar Bayahuddin". A wannan mako ya zama ɗan asalin ƙasa don marubuci: kusan duk ayyukan sholom seichema da farko sun bayyana akan shafukansa.
Marubucin ya sami nasarar haskakawa da alama da kyawawan dabi'u da yanayin ciki na barcin Yahudawa masu launi. Koyaya, ƙaunar Solom-Aleichem zuwa ga mutanensa ana iya zargin su ga mutanen da ke cikin ullony da kuma girman kai. Akwai a cikin aikin marubucin da kuma labaru waɗanda aka keɓe ga rashin daidaituwa a cikin al'umma, matsaloli waɗanda aka haifa a inda akwai mafi kyawun rabuwa a kan masu arziki da matalauta. Marubucin bai iyakance kansa ba tare da bayyananniyar labarun ko jagoranci. Daga cikin ayyukan sholom seichema akwai wani fenila mai ban dariya, da litattafai a haruffa, da kuma shayari.
Kuma marubuci ya damu "Boulevard" wallafe-wallafen. Sholom Aleichem, ba baƙin ciki da ƙarfi, ba'a da bindigogin da aka yiwa irin waɗannan litattafan, an yarda cewa littattafan ya kamata ya fi muhimmanci sosai har ma da koyarwa. Kuma babban aikin kalma, kamar yadda marubucin ya nanata, ya kuma kafa kawunan mutane ga mutane kuma kula da al'adun mutane ga zuriyar jama'a.
Nasarar masu karatu suna da sabon labari "Yaknekhoz, ko babban wasan musayar hannun jari", buga a 1894. Wannan aikin har ma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayon kuma an saka shi a matakin, amma daga baya aka dakatar da littafin. A cikin layi daya tare da nasa bugu, Shalom-Aleichhhem yayi aiki akan gajerun wallafe-wallafe ga mujallolin Amurka. Rubutun Satrani na marubucin ya ji nasara a cikin Yahudawa waɗanda suka zauna a Amurka.
Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan masu sukar marubucin da ake kira wani sabon labari da ake kira "transing taurari", an kammala su a 1910. Kamar yadda shugaban aikin an rubuta, suka buga a cikin mujallu da jaridu, sannan aka kira wani yanki na farko na littafin "yan wasa", na biyu ya fito a matsayin "skis").
"Har yanzu ana sake buga taurari a cikin yaruka daban-daban, a cikin yaruka daban-daban, a ƙari, wannan littafin vsevolod Shilovsky a 1991. Hotunan sun taurare 'yan wasan Sofico Chiahico ChiahoLel, Stanislav Sadsky, Oleg Songboy, Lasia Udovichenko.
Littafin labari "Roke wargi", Sholom-Aleichem a 1912, ya kuma haifar da tattaunawa da kuma rikicin rikice. A tsakiyar mãkirci - ɗalibai biyu, Kirista da Bayahude. Abokai, suna jayayya, an yi musayar fasfo, wanda ya zama farkon kasada na gwaji daya da na hasara don Joker na biyu. Tare da rayuwar marubuci, wannan aikin ba a buga wannan aikin ba saboda takunkumi.
Wani abin da ake iya mantawa da shi ne na sholomuichm shine labarin "Moon Motil", wanda ya kunshi sassa da dama. Anan marubucin ya bayyana rayuwar Yahudawa a cikin ƙaura na Ba'amuriyar Ba'ami a bakin mohammar marayu wanda kawai ya fara koyan duniyar nan. Sauran aiki - "Daga aminci" - sholom seichem da ake kira "Cruise". Marubucin ya jaddada cewa a cikin wannan bangare na aikin a tarihin da ya kashe zuciyarsa.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri na marubucin ya ci gaba da farin ciki: Gwal Loev, wanda Sholom Qiahher ya faɗi cikin ƙauna, ya bamu har ya saba da sha'awar mahaifinsa. Yara shida da aka haife su a wannan aure.
Mahaifin zinariya ya bar 'yayan da aka gādo da sauri wanda aka kashe da sauri a cikin kasadar matasa marubutan, wanda ya taimaka, da kuma abubuwan da suka taimaka, amma ba su kawo riba ba, amma ba su kawo ba.
Mutuwa
Marubucin ya ci shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwa a New York. A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1916, SholeM Seichema bai yi ba. Marubucin ya kwace tarin fuka, wanda shekaru da yawa ya ciyar da lafiyarsa. Marubucin ya ɗan shekara 57. Bayan mutuwa, aka binne Alafir Eateichem a Qateens (New York).
A kan rami na marubucin maimakon hoton, da Epitap, wanda Scholom Seichem ya rubuta kansa ya ruɗe shi. Yana farawa cikin kalmomi:
An binne wani Baya mai sauƙi a nan.Shi marubuci ne daga mutane,
Ya rubuta duk rayuwarsa ga mutane
Taken mai sauƙi da kirki.
Littafi daya
- 1883 - "duwatsu biyu"
- 1884 - "Tilayeley"
- 1886 - "Wasan Yara"
- 1886 - "iosel solovy"
- 1888 - "stempnu"
- 1903 - "Mosekle-barawo"
- 1903 - "Gida don Ista"
- 1903 - "Aman da 'yarsa"
- 1907 - "a cikin hadari"
- 1907-1916 - "Boy Motil"
- 1916 - "Daga aminci"