I-Biograge
U-Alfred de Musser ngumlobi waseFrance, i-Playwwright nembongi yesikhathi sothando, umbhali wama-aphorism amaningi nezingcaphuno, njengeqiniso. " Emsebenzini wakhe, waphakamisa izihloko zothando ngokomzimba nangokomoya, wabonisana ngesiphetho sabantu abanobuhlakani, isizungu kanye ne-melancholy. Iningi lemisebenzi yakhe lishicilelwa ngesimo se-audiobook.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alfred de Mouse wazalwa eParis ngoDisemba 11, 1810. Wavuka emndenini we-aristocracy, owahlasela le nsizwa ukunambitha ubuciko.
Ubaba ka-Alfred, uVictor-Donasien de Mussse-Patay, walingisa isikhundla sehhovisi lezempi, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula wabhala le ncwadi futhi wahlelwa imisebenzi kaJean Jacques Rousseau. Ngo-1801, indoda yashada no-Edme-Klodetin - Christine Giyo de Erbier, indodakazi yombhali kanye nesibalo sezepolitiki.
UDe Musses wayenomfowethu uPawulu nodadewethu ababili: uCharlotte noLouise. Sasiphila ngesizotha, abazali abakaze banikeze le nsizwa imali eningi.
Eminyakeni engu-9 ubudala, imbongi yabhaliswa eHenry IV Lyceum, kusekhona isithombe sikaDe Musses. Ngo-1827, wathola iprimiyamu yesibili ye-dissertation ngesiLatin.
Ebusheni bakhe, nganginesithakazelo kwesokudla nomuthi, kodwa ngo-1828 waphonsa izifundo zakhe ukuze zisebenze ezincwadini.
Ukudala
I-biography yokudala kaDe Müsses yaqala ngo-1829, lapho enyathelisa iqoqo lezinkondlo "Tales of Italiya neSpain", ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya likaVictor Hugo noCharles Nodje.UDe Musses wabikwa ngokubhalwa phansi kwe-Scandalous futhi ufunde inoveli yekhulu le-XIX "Hamiani, noma ubusuku obubili bama-solvents", arlate mayelana nokufika kwe-lesbian. Incwadi ethi Ngokuphuthumayo ayizange ikhuthaze ukunikeza amantombazane amancane, ngo-1997 waba yisisekelo sefilimu elingcolile. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi u-Alfred waba nobudlelwano nalo msebenzi.
Eminyakeni yokuphila kwakhe, uDe Musysy wabhala izinkondlo eziningi, ezinjengokuthi "ukudabuka", "December Night", "Camilla noRosette" nabanye.
Enye yenoveli yakhe ethandwa kakhulu, "faka umbuzo onzima wempilo: Yini engcono - ukuphila ngezindlela noma ngemali enkulu.
Endabeni ye- "Margo", enyatheliswa ngo-1838, umlobi wacabanga ngobuwula nobuhlakani futhi wafika esiphethweni sokuthi umuntu uyabonakala kalula ebuhlanya, kufanelekile nje ukuphumula.
Eminye imisebenzi yombhali ibibekwe emculweni nguHector Berlioz noGeorge Bizé, futhi umdlalo "Uthando aluhlekisi" ngo-1926. Ngo-1926, umqondisi waseJalimane uGeorg Wilhelm Pabst wavikelwa.
UCharles Baudelaphaare, Artyrs Rembo, uGustave Flaubert, abafowethu uJules no-Edmond de goncurs babiza uDe Mussa ngesicanu, esihle, kepha umlobi wesibili.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaDe Musses yayibukeka nzima kakhulu futhi iyadida, ngoba akazange abheke emihlanganweni emikhulu futhi emukele imihlangano ngokuvamile. NgoJuni 19, 1833, umbhali wahlangana noGeorge Sand waya eVenice naye ngoNovemba.
Lapho othandekayo agula nge-dysentery, le ndoda yavakashela i-grizzly, kwathi lapho elapha, lesi sifo sasiyimbongi ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho umbhali, naye, washintsha u-Alfred nodokotela wePietro Pagello.
Ukubuyela eParis, umFulentshi wabhala le noveli ethi "Ukuvuma izono zeNdodana yalelikhulu leminyaka", lapho atshela khona ukuhlupheka nangesikhathi esifanayo kwadala isithombe sesizukulwane sakhe.
Ngemuva kwekhefu lokugcina elivela esihlabathini, u-de Musysy wathandana nonkosikazi wommeli uCaroline Zener, owabizwa ngokuthi "ingane encane blonde". Uthando lwabo lwahlala emasontweni amathathu kuphela, kepha umkhombana welula iminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili.
NgoMashi 1837, umlobi wahlangana no-Eme-Irene D'ALton, abopha naye ubuhlobo obude nobumnandi, le ntokazi yayifuna ukumshada. Kepha u-Alfred waphonsa owesifazane ngenxa yePolina Viardo, okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo e-Ivan Turgenev.
Ngo-1839, lapho ephuma enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, umFulentshi wahlangana nomlingisi u-Elizabeth Eliz Rashel, lapho kwaqala khona inoveli emfushane.
Kusukela ngo-1848 kuya ku-1850, waba nothando noLouise Rosalie Ross. Ngo-1852, umthandi weGustava Flaubert Louise Kol ulethwa kanye ne-de musses.
Umlobi wahlushwa yisifo sezinzwa ezibangelwa uphuzo oludakayo. USyphilis, u-Alfred wathelelwa kubani e-Brothel ebusheni bakhe, waholela ekungabekezeleleki kwe-aortic, owaziwa ngokuthi "uphawu de Mussesse".
Ukushona
Imbongi yashona eParis ngoMeyi 2, 1857. Imbangela yokufa isiphenduke isifo sofuba. Umlobi wangcwatshwa emathuneni kaLashez. Umcimbi wawuhanjelwe ngu-Alfons de Lamartin, Provel Merima, Alfred De Vigni kanye ne-The The The Filter Gauthier.Ngo-1859, isihlabathi saseGeorges sashicilelwa inoveli "El noLouis", lapho aveze khona ubudlelwano bakhe noDe Mussa njengenhlangano yamawele angokomoya. UMfoweth 'umlobi uPawulu wabiza umsebenzi "inyukela".
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1824 - "Umama"
- Ngo-1826 - "Mademoiselle Zoe Duel"
- Ngo-1829 - "Izinganekwane nge-Italy neSpain"
- Ngo-1833 - "Andrea del Sarto"
- Ngo-1833 - "Hamiani, noma ubusuku obubili bobusuku"
- Ngo-1836 - "Ingoma kaBarberina"
- 1836 - "Ukuvuma kweNdodana yekhulu leminyaka"
- Ngo-1838 - "Ndodana kaTitiana"
- Ngo-1839 - "Croyazil"
- Ngo-1845 - "Mademoiselle Mimi Pinson"
- Ngo-1850 - "Karmozin"
- Ngo-1854 - "Izinganekwane"
Amacaphuna
- "Zonke izinkathazo zesitha sakho esibi kakhulu zingakuveza ebusweni, akukho lutho oluqhathaniswa neqiniso lokuthi abangane bakho abakhulu bakhuluma ngawe ngemuva komhlane wakho."
- "Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthokoza kudabukisa, futhi ukudabuka kunokumamatheka emlonyeni."
- "Akunzima ukuwela othandweni, kunzima ukuvuma."
- "Uma owesifazane efuna ukwenqaba, uthi cha. Uma owesifazane eseqalile encazelweni, ufuna ukuba amenze. "