I-Biograge
UShota Rukambi - imbongi yaseGeorgia kanye noFuestman. Lo mnikelo onethalente kaTamari Tamara waba ngumlobi wenkondlo edumile yomhlaba "iVithaZ eTiger shkure". Lo msebenzi waba yisikhumbuzo sezincwadi, kodwa bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi inkondlo ebhalwe nguRackaveli yagxekwa yibandla elibusayo.
Ngekhulu le-18, i-Katolika anthony ngishiswe esidlangalaleni ngokuyikha, njengoba ayekholelwa, umbhalo wesandla. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbanga "iVivetha ku Tiger Schur" ukufinyelela kulolu suku. Lo msebenzi wahunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia nguKonstantin Balmont, eNikolay Zabolotsky, Panthevon Petrenko, Shalva Nutsubidze kanye nezinye izibalo zemibhalo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Impilo yomuntu owenze umnikelo ongafinyeleleki ezincwadini zimbozwe nge-halo yemfihlakalo. Maye, azikho izinto zokwenziwa ngalo mbhali onekhono. Akukaziwa indawo yangempela yokuzalwa kweSchot, futhi ayaziwa ukuthi uYise noMama babeyini. Izazi-mlando azikwazi ukusho ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo inkosi esizayo esikhule yakhulela futhi yaphakanyiswa. KwakunguRastambi kanye nodadewethu - nabo bahlala kuyimfihlakalo, akukho mpendulo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinganekwane ezimbalwa ngempilo yoMlobi we- "VityAz eTiger shkure", futhi kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yimuphi kuzo eziyiqiniso.
Abezindaba zama-biographing namanje azange bafike edolweni elijwayelekile ngemvelaphi yesibongo seRalambi. Abanye baqinisekile ukuthi imbongi yayingumdabu wasendaweni yemoto ekhonkolo, njengoba uShota wabhala isibongo ngaphandle kwencwadi "A" - kubulawe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kucabanga akusizi ukuqoqa izingcezu ze-mosaic esithombeni esisodwa, ngoba emaphoyinti wendawo aseGeorgia enegama elifanayo lalikhona kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungasho ukuthi imbongi ibingumFeudalist, owayenenqaba noma idolobha elingaphansi kwegama elifanayo.
Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iRaglaveni yigama lesidlaliso lomzali weSchot, okusolakala ukuthi kwaholwa emndenini ocebile kanye nengxenye yesikhashana umnikazi weRelavian Martete. Ngokwezincwadi, umbhali wathatha igama lesidlaliso likaYise njenge-pseudonym yokudala. Kepha kufanelekile ukusho lokho embhalweni wesandla owaba yisikhumbuzo sezincwadi, imbongi ithi uyi-Meskhetian. Kepha isibhamu sasingokoqobo kuleli qembu elingaphansi lobuzwe bakwaGeorgia, kunzima ukwahlulela. Mhlawumbe, uRumanaambi wenza isitatimende esinjalo, ngoba ukuxhumana nombuthano wamaMeschas adumile abenethonya ekuhambeni.
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wale nkondlo uthole imfundo ehloniphekile ezweni laseDemoctus no-Aristotle - eGreece. UShota wafunda imisebenzi yombhali odumile "Iliad" Homer, wajwayelana nefilosofi ye-Plato, i-Rhetoric, Persian kanye ne-Arabhu, kanye nezenkolo. Njengoba sithweswe iziqu ekuqeqesheni, uRugralAschi sihambisana noMgcinimafa uTsaritsa Tamara, egama elihlanganisa iminyaka yegolide yomlando waseGeorgia. Iqiniso lokuthi iSkot liphathiswe imali yombuso, libonisa isimo senhlalo yombhali wenkondlo.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaTamara, uGeorgia uzwe izwe elikhulu futhi elinamandla ngokuzala okuhlukile. Uhulumeni, onomqondo nobuhle, izincwadi ezilandelwayo, kanjalo onqenqemeni lwentwasahlobo yaphakade, izinkondlo ze-lyric zakhula ngejubane lokukhanya. Inganekwane ithi iSchota ihambisana noTamari kuwo wonke uhambo, yayingafanelekile othandweni nale ntokazi. Kusho ukuthi izimpaphe zegolide ezinikelwe yiNdlovukazi, uRugrarlambi wadla kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe kwi-cap yakhe.
Into yokufunda
"IViveyaz in Tiger shkure" (noma "Barbova") ukuphela komsebenzi weRackaveli Schot, owehla kuze kube namuhla. Lesi sikhumbuzo esibalulekile sezincwadi zaseGeorgia sabhalwa phakathi kuka-1189 no-1212. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbhalo wesandla we-Rusalli uthathe izinguquko ezinkulu: umsebenzi ophenduka isandla uphendukezelwa ngokweqiniso kubahleli ababenziwa ngabahleli benziwa ngabalingisi nokuxhumana.
Kepha inketho eyamukelwe ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengenkondlo ephrintiwe yiKing Vakhtang VI (Tiflis, 1712). Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi "iVivethani eTiger shkure" yaqashelwa njengomkhiqizo obanzi, owathola isimo esingewona esihlobene neSonto elisemthethweni lalesosikhathi.
Le nkondlo ilandisa ngothando nobungani bomuntu. Le nkondlo isuselwe endabeni yombusi kaRosevan, ongenawo amadodana, idluliselwa emqheleni wasebukhosini wendodakazi yendodakazi uTinatin, naye owathandana nabaphathi abanesibindi e-Avtandil.
Akukaziwa ukuthi icebo lenkondlo lasungulwa, kepha kunemibono eminingana kulokhu. Owokuqala uthi uRugrambilli athatha iprosesi yasePheresiya njengomthombo oyinhloko futhi abhale kabusha ngefomu lezinkondlo (lo msebenzi awukutholanga). Kodwa-ke, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi "iVivethaZ eTiger shkure" yasungulwa nguShota ngokuzimela - i-caspierage yabhala inkondlo, idumisa indlovukazi kaTamar.
USolwazi A. Khakhanov uyaqiniseka ukuthi uSuta ugxile e-Epic kaZwelonke: Uboleke izinkondlo ezisungulwe yizakhamizi zaseGeorgia, njengoWilliam Shakespeare noJohann Goethe ("Faust" zingabanjwa nguWilliam ("Faust" Hamlet ").
Kepha noma ngabe imvelaphi ye "vintaz eTiger shkura", le nkondlo ibhekwa njengomsebenzi obalulekile kuzo zonke izincwadi zomhlaba. URulambi waba umsunguli wemitha yenkondlo - Shairi, owabe esesebenzisa izimbongi zaseGeorgia yonke indawo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uRackaveli wayeyingcweti yokuqhathanisa nemibhalo, kuze kube namuhla ejabulisa izingqondo zabafundi. Naphezu kobunzima bokuvukelwa okungokomfanekiso, kubuswa ukusebenza kobuciko kanye nokujula komcabango emsebenzini wawo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeRackaveli Schot nayo imbozwe ngemfihlakalo yeveli, ngoba ososayensi bangasuselwa kuphela ekucabangeni nasekuqageleni. Kunezinganekwane ngobudlelwano phakathi kwembongi yaseGeorgia neNdlovukazi yaseTamara. Ngokweminye imininingwane, iKaznoguran yashada noNina othile, kodwa ngemuva nje kokuba umshado ushonile.
Abanye bathi uRugrambilli wehlulekile ukubhekana nothando olungafanele, ngakho-ke othanda imfihlo yezwe esitokisini sezindela. UShota Rukambi uhambe kakhulu imbongi nomculi: Ngo-1185, wahlanganyela ekubuyiselweni kwesigodlo sezindlu zesiphambano, esaphethwe yimpi ye-Egypt Sultan.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, uRugralambi wathatha upende ngebhulashi kanye namakholomu akhe apendiwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwelinye lama-frescoes rurralicri adonsela isithombe se-self-potrait - okuwukuphela kwesithombe lapho ungahlulela khona ukubonakala kwembongi yaseGeorgia.
Ukushona
Kushone kanjani futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo i-rurkombi Shota - le ndaba ibuye yathula. Usuku olungaziwa nolwafih. Ngokwe-legend, iNdlovukazi kaTamara yayala ukuthi leyo ndaba ihumushe umsebenzi owanikwa umvakashi wakwelinye izwe. URulambi wagcwalisa ukufundiswa kwenkolelo, kepha wenqaba ukuholelwa ngemali. Kungekudala ngemuva kwale micimbi, kwatholakala isidumbu esinqunyelwe sembongi yembongi.
Kuyacatshangelwa nokuthi, mhlawumbe, uShota ushonile eJerusalema. Manje emadolobheni ahlukahlukene kukhona imigwaqo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlonipha imbongi, naseTbilisi, ithiyetha elibizwa ngeShota Rusambi.
I-Bibliography
- 1189-1212 - "IViventaz in Tiger shkure"