I-Biograge
"Ulimi lwethu olumnandi, luhlanzekile futhi oluhle, futhi lucebile, kepha siletha indawo enhle kuyo."Ngakho-ke u-Alexander Sumarokov wabhala, imbongi kanye nomdlandla, "ubaba wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseRussia" ebalulekile. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, ukusebenza okokuqala kwakhuliswa enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, futhi izincwadi ezifuywayo zekhulu le-18 zacetshiswa ngemisebenzi yakudala.Ubuntwana nentsha
Indodana ka-Ensin Alexander Sumarokov yazalwa ngoNovemba 25, 1717 emndenini wezicukuthwane ezimpofu. USumaroken wayesemdala, ngakho-ke ingane yanikezwa ukukhuliswa ngokuya ngamasiko. Ngiseyingane, wabamba iqhaza emizini.
Ngo-1732, osemusha waba ngumfundi wezindlu zabanini bezindlu. Isikhungo semfundo sasigxile ekuhlelweni kwezisebenzi zezempi, amaseva omphakathi kanye nezenkantolo. ISumarokov yathola imfundo enhle kakhulu, efunda umlando, i-geography, i-jurispruchence, izilimi zakwamanye amazwe nezinye izakhi. Uhlelo lokuphoqelela luphinde lwafaka uthango nemidanso.
Iminyaka eyi-8, ukuthi le nsizwa yachitha kulezi zidumbu, yayithanda izincwadi nezobuciko ngayo yonke imiphefumulo yakhe, eyanikezwa ukunakwa okukhulu. Wafunda imisebenzi yababhali baseFrance futhi, walingisa, wabhala izinkondlo nezingoma. Phakathi kwababhali basekhaya, uVasily Trediakovsky waqokwa phakathi kwababhali basekhaya. USumarokov wabhala uku-oda ama-Comrades of Oda ukuhlonipha u-Anna John, abuse ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa ngo-1740, waba yisikhulu. Ngo-23, u-Alexander wabhaliswa ngabasebenzi eziteshini zezibalo ze-miniha. Kummangazile. Ngokushesha, uSumarokov waba ngunobhala wena kaMikhail Golovin, futhi kamuva u-Alexei Rashumovsky. Esikhathini esizayo, kwakukhona umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, kodwa okuza kuqala kwaba yizincwadi. Imbongi yokuqala yafundwa yimisebenzi kaMikhail Lomonosov.
Into yokufunda
Izilaleli zezwe zabona igama leSumarokov ngenxa ye-salon lapho kwakuhamba khona i-petthersburg aristocracy. Izingoma zakhe zothando zafunwa kakhulu. Isikhulu esiqhakazile sithole impumelelo, ukwethula ukudlala okubizwa ngokuthi "Hereores". Ngakho-ke kwaqala idrama yombhali.
I-biography yokudala ka-Alexander Sumarow ixhumeke nethiyetha nezincwadi. Ushiye ifa labazukulwana bakhe ngesimo sezinsizi eziyi-9, amahlaya angama-20, ama-opera we-opera, izinkondlo, od, iBasen kanye nemisebenzi yolunye uhlobo. Imisebenzi yakhe yanyatheliswa ekhasini likamagazini "Imisebenzi Yenyanga". Imbongi yakhiqiza uhlelo lwayo olubizwa ngokuthi "inyosi esebenza kanzima".
Phakathi kwezinhlekelele zokudlala "hamlet", "uSavelen noTrimul", "Ariston", "Semir", "Dimiz", "Dimiz", "Dimiz", "Hereores" eshicilelwe ngo-1747. Waba okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala lapho kwabukwa khona indlela eyakhelwayo yokudlala. Umkhiqizo wawumayelana neRussia yasendulo, uPrince Kie nomfowabo uKorev. Maphakathi nesakhiwo, uthando olubuhlungu phakathi komlingiswa ophambili nobuhle bedolobha, kanye nokungqubuzana kwemibono yomuntu siqu ngesikweletu.
Usizi "umgwaqo omkhulu", "Dmitry Samozvana", "Mstislav" kuveze imibono yezenhlalo nezepolitiki yombhali. Umlingisi ophambili kubo wayengumbusi, futhi usizi lwaluhlotshaniswa nomzabalazo wezifiso, izinzwa zomsebenzi kanye noTiranny. Isici sezinhlekelele zeSumroikov kwakungeyona isenzo, kepha izinkulumo ezinde kakhulu zezinhlamvu lapho isithembiso sombhali sifihlwe khona.
Phakathi kwamahlaya ePeru yembongi yaseRussia, imisebenzi kaTresotiinius, "ukuxabana okungenalutho", "uLychimets", "i-curon" yomngane wendodakazi yakhe "nabanye. Izingcezu zephamfulethi zihlose umthelela wencazelo esobala yeqhawe, izinhlamvu zabonakala, futhi ukuxhumana neqiniso akunakuphikwa. Ulimi olukhanyayo noluzwayo luhlukaniswa yimisebenzi yamahlaya yeSumaro.
Wadlala indima enkulu ezincwadini zekhulu le-18. Ummeleli okhanyayo we-classicism wadala amadrama, prose, izinkondlo, izinganekwane kanye ne-epigram. Ukunaka okukhethekile umuntu afanelwe mayelana nomlando wethiyetha yaseshashalazini yaseRussia.
U-Elizaveta Petrovna oqokwe nguSumamov ngumqondisi wokuqala weRussia, ukuze abekwe ohlelweni namahlaya, yaseshashalazini. " Ngokusebenzisa ukuzethemba kwe-Empress, imbongi yabona uMnyango enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, uvunyelwe ukuletha izingqondo zomzimba. Usizi lomlobi lwaluyisisekelo se-repertoire.
Iminyaka engu-5, wadala indlela ezophathwa ngayo ukuphatha, efuna izakhiwo, imali kanye nabaculi. Isipiliyoni sokuphathwa kweWarkwright abasingenakuphatha, wayengumuntu oshayisana nengxabano eshisayo eshisayo, kodwa wayethanda ngokweqiniso ubuciko. Ngo-1761, iSumarokow kwadingeka ishiye into ayithandayo futhi ihambe isuka eSt. Petersburg iye eMoscow.
Ekupheleni kokubusa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna futhi ngemuva kwesishiyagalombili esihlalweni sobukhosi, uCatherine II, imbongi yayiphakathi kwabaphikisi. Wabhala inhlekelele ebuza amakhosi, futhi wamisa kabi ngokwakhe. Ukulimala kwangempela kwadlalwa ngemuva kokutakula kwakhe okubukhali kuhulumeni, futhi impilo yomuntu siqu yeSasharov yaba yisizathu sokubuyiselwa kwemali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Alexander Sumarokov waba yisikhulu sokuqala esinqume ukuthola imisebenzi yemibhalo. Wabubona ubunzima bezezimali ngenxa yokukhetha okunzima, okwakudingeka kwenziwe esikhundleni sobuciko. Imvamisa, kubhekiswa ezincwadini eziya eCatherine II, iSumarokov yachaza usizi lothando lobuciko.Wabeka umnyuziyamu ngaphezulu kwezikhundla nezinhlu. Esiqongweni somsebenzi, iSumarokov yaba nemali enkulu. Imisebenzi yakhe yanyatheliswa ngokulahlekelwa nguMgcinimafa, uMbuso wakhokhela umhlalaphansi ngonyaka owedlule, ama-serf angama-300 ayenawo. Indlela yokuphila ebichithekayo nokuqhubeka kwaholela ekunciphiseni nasezikweletini ezihlala njalo.
Ukushada nesiJalimane, u-Alexander Sumarokov waqala inkosi yakhe, eyayingena endodakazini yakhe. Wayeyindodakazi kaKucher. Isifiso saholela ekubhujisweni komndeni. Ngemuva kokuwa koshade naye ngo-1769, imbongi ishada nesithandwa, ayenabantwana ababili ngaleso sikhathi. Izihlobo zonkosikazi wokuqala zifeze inkantolo futhi zafuna ukuncipha kwamalungelo akhe okubazali. Imbongi iphume icala, kodwa ibheki eliphakeme labangela ukonakala komshini wokudlala. Wayefuna induduzo ngotshwala.
Njengoba usususe eSt. Petersburg eMoscow, wehlulekile ebhizinisini lezemidlalo, uSumarokov Obrek umndeni ocindezelweni. Ngo-1777, oshade naye wesibili womlobi bafa. Ngokushesha imbongi yanquma ukushada nomshana kankosikazi ongafanele. Ngaleso sikhathi, umehluko phakathi kwakhe noMlobokazi wabalwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Umshado wenzeka, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, uSumarokov ushonile.
Ukushona
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ngesisekelo sokuxineka okungapheli, ukuqala kobumpumputhe kwazwakala. Imbangela yokufa kwembongi yayiyisifo esifushane esiyinkimbinkimbi yizinto ezihlanganayo. Ushone ngo-Okthoba 11, 1777, ngaphandle kokushiya izingane ifa. Umlobi wahlala amadodakazi amabili emshadweni wokuqala, kanye nendodakazi nendodana evela kubumbano kanye nomlingani wesibili.
Izihlobo u-Alexander Sumarov zazingenamali okufanele zikhokhele umngcwabo. Endleleni yokugcina waqhutshwa ngokulahlekelwa yimidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow. Ithuna lembongi lisemathuneni aseNon Monastery. Ukufa kweSumaros kuphawulwe abaningi, kungabikho ngokudlalwa nge-Playwright, kodwa iqhaza lakhe ekuthuthukisweni kwezincwadi kanye nenkundla yaseshashalazini kunzima ukuzibukela phansi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Impilo ka-Alexander Sumarow yayicebile ezameni, amacala anelukuluku namaqiniso athakazelisayo.- Okuwukuphela kofuzo lapho umlobi kwakunzima ukusebenza khona kwakuyinkondlo e-epic. Kuqala ukubhala "Dimitrirada", akakaze aqede umsebenzi.
- Ngokusayina "u-Epistole eRussia Warriors" Options A.S. Abaningi banqume ukuthi umbhali ungowakwa-Alexander Suvorov.
- Imbongi yavumelana nokwenqatshwa kweSerfdodom.
- Ukugxila emsebenzini wababhali abadumile, waphinda waphinda "uHamlet" William Shakespeare ngokuya ngemigomo ye-classicism.
- I-Sumarov ethuneni likaSumarov ngesikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokuthi umngcwabo ukhohliwe futhi walahleka. Utholwe ngo-1951, kwafakwa isikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo esizeni somngcwabo.
I-Bibliography
- 1747 - "Heeres"
- 1750 - "Gcina neTrour"
- 1750 - "I-Tresotinus"
- 1751 - "Semir"
- 1758 - "I-Yaropolk ne-Dimiz"
- 1759 - "Ariston"
- 1765 - "Guardian"
- 1768 - "Umgwaqo Ophakeme"
- 1770 - "Abagibeli"
- 1771 - "Dmitry Self"
- 1774 - "Mstislav"
- 1787 - "Lyhoimets"
- 1787 - "Abafowethu abathathu bajoyina"
- 1787 - "Ubuthi"
- 1787 - "Narcissus"