Ngo-1864, kwavela abantu bokuqala baseRussia. Kusukela lapho, ukwakhiwa nokwenza ngcono kwangaphansi kwamabele eRussia akuzange kuyeke. Naphezu kokuhlolwa okungaphumeleli izivivinyo nemikhumbi ethenjisiwe, ezweni elingaphezu kwama-70 angaphansi komhlaba ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ngamandla angaphansi kwamanzi eRussia, eJalimane, e-USA, Netherlands, eFrance kanye neChina ukuncintisana. Izwe lokugcina lijoyine uhlu lwabaholi ngo-2019.
Mangaki ama-subwarines eRussia, namaqiniso athakazelisayo - ezintweni zokuhlela ze-24CMI.
UDiesel Electric Vessel
Ngesikhathi sempi yezwe yokuqala, kwavela "ikati likaPeter". Yakhiwa esivikelweni esiqine kakhulu. Wayengeyena umkhumbi ozimele, kepha i-mini-version yakhe yosayizi omncane. Imikhumbi kagesi kaDiesel iyadingeka ezifundeni zasogwini nasenyaleni elingashintshi, lapho kungakwazi khona isikebhe esikhulu se-athomu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zazo zalezo zangaphansi zalotshiweyo: I-Multipurse, ngamarokhethi amboziwe noma anovalo.
Nge-stroke engaphezulu, izikebhe zedizili zifakwe injini, futhi zihambe ngaphansi kwamanzi - motor kagesi. Lo mbono uqede abandulelayo - uphethiloli nophalafini. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, isikebhe esisenjini edisheli sakhokhelwa ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi vele amamayela ayi-1000. Kepha ukuthuthwa okunjalo kwakukhona ukushiyeka: 2 ama-motor amasimu. Izinjini ze-Diesel kanye nogesi kagesi benza owangaphansi kagesi. Dinga abasebenzi abakhulu benkonzo, ngenxa yalokhu, izimo zokuphila ezakhiwamelo angaphansi komhlaba zaba zimbi kakhulu.
Ngo-2018, eSt. Petersburg, kwancishiswa amanzi amasha emanzini asemanzini emanzini. Wakhelwe kwiphrojekthi 677 "Kronstadt".
Uparkazoturbine
Isikebhe kuphela ngaphezu kwe-diesel kanye ne-motor kagesi kwengezwa iyunithi ye-Steam-Bubbin. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, okunjalo kwakungumuntu ongaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwegama lekhodi c-99. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqala e-USSR ngo-1951. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, kwangena emafulethini aseSoviet.
Ukunciphisa ukumelana lapho kuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, izikhali ze-artillery zaqala ukufakwa emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba. Ikhala lalifakwe amadivayisi we-torpedo. Kusukela eRussia Lesi sikebhe sisekhophi elilodwa, siqhathanise nalutho ngalokho, kepha abaklami banikeze izinzuzo. I-submarine iyantanta ngesivinini esikhulu futhi amabanga amade ekujuleni okugcwele. Ububi: Ngokunyakaza okusheshayo esitsheni, kuba nomsindo omkhulu, futhi lokhu kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezimali ezijwayelekile ze-hydroacoustic. Ijubane le-S-99 lifinyelela kumafindo angama-20, akwenza okungcono kakhulu e-USSR.
Umabanga ongaphansi komhlaba wawucishe ube izikhathi eziyi-100 olwandle. Lapho uqala isitshalo se-ture-stomu-storuty, ukuqhuma kwenzeka esikebheni. Endabeni lapho kwakukhona i-platoon ka-80 cm, kepha i-cruiser yafika ezisekelweni. Isizathu kwaba ukuqhuma kwe-hydrogen peroxide. Ukubuyisa umkhumbi, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwakudingeka. "Uvuko" wamukela i-inexpedient futhi wahlakazeka umkhumbi ongaphansi komhlaba.
-Yi-athomu
Cishe iminyaka engama-50 yaseZulue yenuzi iyingxenye yamabutho asolwandle aseRussia. Zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3: ngemicibisholo ye-ballistic, ama-rocket-torpedo izingalo nezinhloso ezikhethekile. Ngo-1949, i-Academian Igor Kurchatov yahlongoza ukwakha i-apula (umkhumbi wenyukliya). Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, isazi semvelo a.p. U-Alexandrov wambhalela incwadi atshela ngayo ngombono wokudala. Ngo-1958, umkhumbi wokuqala we-athomu e-USSR wehla emanzini.
Ngo-2020, umkhumbi awukho kwizikhundla, ulindele ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwemishini yokuphinda ungene emnyuziyamu. Wakhishwa emaphandleni asenyakatho abuyele emuva ngo-1991, kepha izenzo ezengeziwe naye 'zaziqandisiwe' ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali. Amalungu angama-83 amalungu e-Crew athole imivuzo ngesikhathi sokubhukuda futhi asebenze ku-K-3. Umkhumbi owakhelweyo wawushesha ukwedlula i-Nautilus yaseMelika. Ezivivinyweni, ijubane lesikebhe saseSoviet lifinyelele kumafindo angama-28.
Owokugcina owagcina owakhelwe eRussia waba nguVoomoskovsk. Wethulwe ngonyaka we-1990, owakhelwe kwiphrojekthi yeDolphin. Ngo-2016, izithombe ze-cruiser kwi-pier esifundeni saseMurmansk zavela. Ngemuva kokulungiswa ngo-2012, wabuyiselwa emsebenzini iminyaka eyi-10. Okomkhumbi ongaphansi komhlaba, kukhethwa amagama ama-sonorous, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqala ukwesaba abaphikisi: "Ushaka", "Puma", "Navaga".
-Angu
4 imikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba yacwila e-USSR no-2 eRussia. Lokhu konke ukulahleka ngesikhathi sokuba khona kwe-APF selokhu kwasungulwa. I-Cruiser yokuqala yacwila ngo-1970 eBiscay Bay. Ngenxa yesifunda esifushane, kwafa abantu abangama-52. Kusuka kuma-wadorwarine wanamuhla ngonyaka ka-2000, kuHursk waya ezansi. Kwakungekho ukulahleka okunjalo emlandweni wezati, ngoba abantu abangu-118 bafa, akekho osindisiwe. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka egumbini, futhi isikebhe sangena ngaphansi kwamanzi saya ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-108. Kwenzekile koLwandle Lwabalwa. Eminyakeni engu-3 efanayo, omunye umuntu ongaphansi komhlaba wacwila - K-159. Kwakunabantu abangu-104 emkhunjini, abangu-9 babo ababuyanga.
Ngokungafani namanye amazwe, iRussia inenkinga yokudumaza izibalo zengozi. Izwe elilodwa kuphela elaliphatha ukulahleka okunjalo - i-United States, kepha inhlekelele yokugcina yenzeka ngo-1968.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
1. ULeonardo da Vinci wahola umlando, ubani ngemuva kokushona kwakhe wawela ezandleni zososayensi. Emakhasini ajabule ngo-1502, athola umdwebo womkhumbi ongaphansi komhlaba. Wayenokuphela okukhombayo kanye ne-hatch nge-hatch yomnyango. Ngaleso sikhathi, abacwaningi bebengaqondi ukuthi hlobo luni "lomshini".
2. Ekujuleni ngeke kwenzeke ukuvula i-hatch yokuphuma ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu.
3. Eminyakeni engu-12 nje e-USSR, kwakhiwa ama-atomic angaphansi kwama-atomic. Le nkathi kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1979.
4. Ama-Cruisers okuqala adalwe asetshenziswa njengeposi. Bathuthwa ngezinhlamvu namaphasela.
5. Imikhumbi engaphansi kwamanzi isebenza ngenjini ehlukile noma eyodwa. Kepha konke kuyadingeka ekuhambeni. Ezinsukwini zakudala, umthombo wayo wawungumuntu owafakwa esikebheni hhayi emanzini kuphela, kodwa futhi nangaphansi kwawo. Kamuva kwavela imoto kagesi.
6. E-USSR, umkhumbi waphumela olwandle izinyanga. Izinduna zatshelwa ukuthi zilinganiselwe kanjani ukudla okugciniwe, futhi okuwukuphela kohlobo lwesikhuthazo seqembu kwakuwumbono wamanzi ePrate.
7. Ukuze umenzi wangaphansi komhlaba angabhapathizwa ekujuleni, amathangi anamanzi asebhodini. Ngaphandle kokuthi "i-ballast", izohlala ebusweni, ngoba umthetho we-Archimedes ngeke usebenze. Ngokwemithetho, isisindo somzimba ocwilisiwe kufanele silingane nesisindo samanzi asusiwe. Ukukhuphuka ebusweni kusuka ku- "ballast" ukuqeda umoya ocindezelwe.