Pablo neruda - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, izinkondlo

I-Biograge

Imbongi yaseChile Pablo Neruda yaziwa lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, i-Master of the ryme yaseNingizimu Melika yabhala izinkondlo ezinamandla, izinkondlo zomlando, izinkondlo zezepolitiki, kwathi ngo-1971 wanikezwa umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu - umklomelo ofanayo noThomas Mann, uWilliam Farkner no-Ernest I-Hemingaway. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kukaNeruda ayizange inikelwe ezincwadini, kodwa kwezepolitiki.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UPablo Neruda ungumuntu wokudala, owaba igama elisemthethweni lembongi kuphela ngawo-1920. Abazali, abasebenzi bejantshi uJosé del Carmen Reyes Reyes nothisha wesikole uRosa Neftali Basoalto Opazo, bayalele u-Kid Ricardo Elies Neftali Reyes Reyes Reyes. Wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1904 edolobheni laseChile likaParral.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Umama uPablo ushone izinyanga ezi-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, imbangela yokufa yisobhuka lesifo sofuba. Ngokushesha nje emva kokushona kukankosikazi wakhe, uMoses washada noTrinidad Kandia Maldere - owesifazane owayengumuntu ngo-1895 wamnika indodana kaRodolfo de la Rosa. Inkampani uPablo noRodolfo kwakunguLaura Herminia - indodakazi eyayingemuva kukaMoroles kanye ne-Aurelia ethile yesixuku. Imindeni eqoqwe ezingxenyeni yayihlala eTemo.

Izinkondlo zokuqala zeNeruda zabhala ngo-1914. Ubaba waphikisana kakhulu nezinto ezizithandayo zendodana yakhe. Okomfana, izinkondlo uGabriel Unjiniyela wangenelwa owinile umklomelo kaNobel wezincwadi zawo-1945, futhi ngalezo zinsuku, umqondisi wesikole lapho kwafundwa khona uPablo. Ngezindlela eziningi, ngibonga ngoJulayi 18, 1917, ukukhanya kwabona indatshana kaDebuda "nentshiseko kanye nokuphikelela".

Ukudala

Kusukela ngo-1918, imbongi esencane yaseChile iphrinte kumaphephabhuku okubhala ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym yama-reyes kawoyela, futhi ngawo-1920s athole igama elaziwa ngokuthi namuhla - uPablo Neruda. Izazi-mlando zichaza ukukhethwa kwegama lokuthakazelelwa kwensizwa emzini womlobi waseCzech uJles Neruda, nesifiso sokuphambukisa lokhu lapho kuzalwa.

Ngo-1923, wakhipha iqoqo lokuqala 'lomhlangano wokushona kwelanga ", futhi ngonyaka owedlule, umhlaba wawubona umsebenzi odume kakhulu wembongi -" izinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili zothando nengoma eyodwa yokuphelelwa yithemba ", abagxeki ngamahloni ngokweqile.

Eminyakeni engama-20, uPablo uNeruda waba yimbongi edumile, kodwa isimo sakhe sezezimali sashiya kuningi kufanele sifise. Iqoqo "lomuntu ongapheliyo" futhi amaRoma "ahlala endaweni yakhe nethemba lakhe" akuzange kusize iChile ukuthi iphume ngenxa yezici zobuphofu. Ukuphelelwa yithemba Kwezezimali Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ingxenye enkulu ye-biography ye-neruda ihlotshaniswa nezepolitiki, hhayi ubuhlakani.

Umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ngo-1927, uNeruda waba yi-Consul eBurma. Ngemuva kokubuyela eChile, uNeruda wabamba izikhundla eziphakeme e-Argentina naseSpain, lapho eba abangane noFrederico Garcia Lorca. Ngo-1940-1943, uNeruda wasebenza njengenxusa eMexico City. Leposi lamsiza ukuba ahlele ukundiza komculi waseMexico uJosé David Alfaro Sicaros, osolwa ngokuzama i-Leo Trotsky.

UPablo Neruda usayina incwadi yakhe ye-US Congress Library

Eminyakeni yeMpi Yezwe II, uNeruda Chance iqhawe lebutho elibomvu, "New Love Song for Stalingrad" (1943) unikezelwe kulokhu. Futhi ngokuvamile, imbongi, njengezikhathi eziningi zeSoviet Union, ikakhulukazi uJoseph Stalin.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, uNeruda wafihla eChile, wahamba eYurophu, wavakashela eNdiya, eChina, eSri Lanka, Soviet Union. Ohambweni bazalwa beqoqa "izinkondlo zekaputeni" (1952), inkondlo "ebusuku esiqhingini", "ode fish Summer".

Ngo-1970, uNeruda wamenyezelwa ukuthi ukhetho ngeChile Gorangay. Iposi alizange lihehe imbongi, futhi walahleka ngenhliziyo ekhanyayo. UMbusi omusha uhlongoze ukuthi iposi lomphikisi langaphambili eFrance, alibambelela laya ku-1972. Lesi yiposi lokugcina le-Neruda.

Ngo-1971, uNeruda wanikezwa umklomelo kaNobel ngezincwadi "zezinkondlo, ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo anyuswe umphefumulo kanye nekusasa lezwekazi lonke." Ukukhetha kwakungelula: Ijaji likhumbule ukuthi imbongi yawusekela kanjani ubushiqela bokuzazi obuqinile.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-1928, esiqhingini sase-Indonesia, uJava Pablo Neruda wahlangana neDashi Marius Antonieth Chagenar Foelzang, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 umbhangqwana wawubandakanyekile. Ngo-1934, babenentombazane yaseGalva uMarina Trinidad del Carmen Reyes. Ingane yahlushwa i-hydrocephalus. UNeruda wenqaba ukuzibiza ngoyise wengane egulayo, kwathi ngo-1936 abashadikazi bahlukanisa. UMarika wazama ukuthola umsebenzi ukukhulisa ingane ngokwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, uMalva wayezimisele emndenini ongakhulisanga, lapho ashonela khona ngo-1942.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

I-Pasia Neruda elandelayo, i-Argentinka Delia del Carrill, yayimdala ngeminyaka engama-20 kunokubathandekayo. Lo mbhangqwana washada ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940. Umlingani walandela ngempela imbongi ekudingisweni.

Ekupheleni kuka-1949, uNeruda wahlushwa i-phlebitis. Ukunakekela umculi waseChile uMatilda Uritia. Phakathi kwabo inoveli rose. Le ntombazane yathuthela imbongi ivela ezweni laya ezweni, yasebenza njengomnyuziyamu ngokubhala "uCaptain." Impilo yabo eyimfihlo yomuntu siqu yaholela ekutheni ngo-1953 i-cartall yafakwa isehlukaniso. U-Uritia waba ngunkosikazi wesithathu nowokugcina kaNiruda.

Ukushona

NgoSeptemba 1973, kwavela amasosha eChile, ngenxa yalokho lapho u-Augusto Pinochet wabusa khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwaziwa ukuthi uNeruda wayegula: watholakala enomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. NgoSepthemba 23, 1973, imbongi ishonele esibhedlela eSantiago kusuka ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona inguqulo ngokuya ngokuthi i-Chile yabulala abasekeli bePinochet.

NgoMeyi 2011, iphephabhuku laseMexico laseMexico lashicilela inhlolokhono nomshayeli wangaphambilini waseNeruda Manuel Arayay, osolwa ngokuya engxoxweni yocingo yekhanda nonkosikazi wakhe u-Uritia. AmaKhomanisi athi udokotela wambulala ngemiyalo yePinochet nokuthi wayesanda kwenza umjovo esiswini. UNeruda ushone amahora angama-6.5 ngemuva kocingo.

Ngo-2013, ukudonswa komzimba weNeruda kwabanjwa ukucacisa izimbangela zokufa. Ngokombiko osemthethweni woMnyango Wezangaphakathi EChile wangaphakathi, eshicilelwe ngoMashi 2015, imbongi "ingaba ubuthi ubuthi bemvelaphi engaziwa."

Amacaphuna

"Ngifuna ukudala nawe ukuthi iyiphi intwasahlobo eyakha ama-cherries asendle ehlathini."
"Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala, kuzoba ukuphela kwempilo yami. Isandla esisodwa sishaya, kanti omunye welula isixha sezimbali ukuze ngingakhumbuli okubi. "
"Kufanele ngithole kuphi ukuze ngingazitholi?".
"Ngokweqiniso, noma yimuphi umlobi weplanethi yethu, ebizwa ngokuthi uMhlaba, angathanda ukuthola umklomelo kaNobel - nalowo othule ngakho, nalowo osiphikayo."

I-Bibliography

Ngo-1922 - "Ukuqoqwa Kwelanga"
Ngo-1924 - "Izinkondlo Zothando Ezingamashumi Amabili Nezingoma Enye Iphelelwe Yithemba"
Ngo-1926 - "The Okhiweyo nethemba lakhe"
Ngo-1933, 1935 - "Isisetshenziswa - Umhlaba"
Ngo-1937 - "ISpain enhliziyweni"
1943 - "Ingoma entsha Yothando Ukuze Stalingrad"
Ngo-1947 - "Indawo yokuhlala yesithathu"
Ngo-1950 - "Ingoma ye-Universal"
1952 - "Izinkondlo zikaCaptain"
Ngo-1959 - "Ama-sonits ayikhulu othando"
1960 - "Ingoma Yobuqhawe"
Ngo-1962 - "Ummeleli wePlenipotentiary"
1972 - "I-Fancy Geography"
1973 - "Ulwandle Nezinsimbi"