Pablo Nenanida - chithunzi, mbiri yakale, moyo waumwini, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndakatulo

Chiphunzitso

Wolemba ndakatulo ya Chilerlo Neuda anadziwika kuti anali ndi zaka 13. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbuye wa Nyimbo ya South America, ndakatulo ya mbiri yakale, Mayela a Zandale, Maenets, ndi Mu 1971 Mphotho Yapamwamba Kwambiri - William Falk, William Falk Agwaday. Komabe, gawo lalikulu la moyo wa neuda silinathe kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku, koma andale.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Pablo Neuda ndi wopanga ma pseuud akuti, omwe anali dzina la wolemba ndakatulo yekha mu 1920s. Makolonu, ogwiridwa ntchito josél a ndulu a ndulu ndi aphunzitsi asukulu rosa neftada Badoalto Opasolto, dzina lake ricardi refesta. Adabadwa pa Julayi 12, 1904 ku Ciler City of Parral.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Amayi a Pablo adamwalira miyezi iwiri atabereka mwana, chifukwa cha imfa ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mkazi wake atamwalira, a ku Srarales atakwatirana ndi Trinidad Kandia Madarde - mzimayi wina yemwe mu 1895 adampatsa mwana wa Rodolfo de La Rosa. Kampani Pablo ndi rodolfo anali Laura Herminia - mwana wamkazi wowonjezereka wa morales ndi arelia wa gulu la anthu. Mabanja omwe adatengedwa magawo amakhala ku Tempo.

Ma ndakatulo oyambilira a Neuda adalemba mu 1914. Abambo amatsutsa kwambiri zosangalatsa za mwana wake. Kwa mnyamatayo, a Gabriel Asbriel analowa wopambana wa Mphotho za Nobel m'ma 1945, ndipo m'masiku amenewo, woyang'anira sukulu yemwe Pablo adaphunzitsidwa. Mumkomo kwa iye pa Julayi 18, 1917, kuunikako kunawona nkhani yanzeru ya Nerdana "chidwi ndi kupirira".

Chilengedwa

Kuyambira mu 1918, wolemba ndakatulo wachi Chiley wasindikizidwa m'magazini olemba omwe ali ndi vuto la mafuta, ndipo mu 1920s adapeza dzina lodziwika masiku ano - Pablo Netrada. Olemba mbiri yakale akufotokoza kusankha dzina la wachinyamata kuntchito ya Czech Yolemba Janeuda, ndi kufunitsitsa kusamutsanso m'malo mwa Atate - kusadziwika ndi Atate.

Mu 1923, adamasula koyamba "kulowa koyamba kwa" dzuwa dzuwa, dziko pambuyo pake, dziko lidawona ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya ndakatuloyi - "ndakatulo makumi awiri ndi kutaya mtima", zotsutsa zonyoza zonyoza.

Pofika zaka 20, Pablo Neudea adakhala wolemba ndakatulo, koma zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti tisamukonde. "Kuyesa kwa Munthu Wopanda malire" ndi Roma "Malo okhala" ndi chiyembekezo chake "sizinathandize Chilesani kuti chichitike chifukwa cha umphawi wa umphawi. Kutaya Mavuto Pazachuma ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhalira gawo lalikulu la biudara limagwirizanitsidwa ndi andale, osati ndi luso.

Zochitika zandale

Mu 1927, Neudwa adakhala Burma. Pambuyo pobwerera ku Chile, Neuda anakhala ndi malo opembedzera kwambiri ku Argentina ndi Spain, komwe adakacheza ndi Frederico Garcia Lorca Lorca Lorca. Mu 1940-1943, mtima ukazi anali kazembe ku Mexico City. Positi idamuthandiza kukonza zojambulajambula za ku Mexico David Alfaro Alfaro, yemwe ankaimbidwa mlandu woyesa kusinthira ku Eorotsy.

M'zaka za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Neudda Angathe ngwazi ya gulu lankhondo lofiira, "nyimbo yatsopano ya Stofu" (1943) idaperekedwa kwa izi. Ndipo ambiri, wolemba ndakatuloyo, monga nthawi ya anthu ambiri, anasilira Soviet Union, makamaka Yosefe Stalin.

M'zaka zotsatira, Neudwa adabisala ku Chile, amayenda ku Europe, adapita ku India, China, Sri Lanka, Sriet Union. Paulendo wake adabadwa "ndakatulo ya kaputeni" (1952), ndakatulo ya "usiku pachilumba", "ode nsomba chilimwe".

Mu 1970, Neruda adalengeza kuti ndi woyenera kuchita utsogoleri wachi Chile. Positi sanakope ndakatulo, ndipo adataya ndi mtima wopepuka. Wolamulira watsopanoyo adauza wakale yemwe adayambitsa mdani ku France, womwe adazigwira mpaka 1972. Ili ndiye kazembe womaliza wa Neuda.

Mu 1971, Neudwa anapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel kuti alandire mabuku "a ndakatulo, omwe ndi mphamvu zauzimu amapereka mphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu." Kusankhako kunali kovuta: Oweruza omwe amakumbukira ndakatuloyi anathandizira ulamuliro wa wonenepa.

Moyo Wanu

Mu 1928, pachilumba cha Indonesia, Java Pablo Neuda adakumana ndi a Dutch Mariueth Chagnarath Chagnarath Chagnaar follahang follahang follahlar. Mu 1934, anali ndi mtsikana wa Galva Trina diinidad del Carmen Reyes. Mwana adadwala hydrocephalus. Neudwa anakana kudzitcha yekha kuti atate wa odwala, ndipo mu 1936 omwe adasudzulana. Marika anayesetsa kupeza ntchito yolera bwino mwana. Zotsatira zake, Malva anali kudziwa zambiri m'mabanja omlera, komwe adamwalira mu 1942.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Payipi wa Pasia Neuda, Argentinka Delia Drill, anali wamkulu kuposa wokondedwa. Banjali linakwatirana kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1940s. Mkaziyo adatsatana ndi ndakatuloyo.

Kumapeto kwa 1949, mtima unkadwala kwa phlebitis. Kumusamalira SILEani Woimba Matilda Urisia. Pakati pawo bukuli lidayenda. Mtsikanayo anasamukira ku ndakatuloyo kuchokera kudziko lina kupita kudziko lina kupita kudzikolo, anali wosungiramo zinthu zakale zolembedwa "Stee Captate." Moyo wawo wachinsinsi unatsogolera kuti mu 1953 kakongole kakuti adapereka chisudzulo. Uritia idakhala mkazi wachitatu komanso womaliza wa Niruuuda.

Imfa

Mu Seputembara 1973, gulu lankhondo lidachitika ku Chile, chifukwa cha a Augusto Pinochat adabwera ku mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, zidayamba kudziwika kuti Neuda adadwala: adapezeka ndi khansa ya prostate. Pa Seputembara 23, 1973, wolemba ndakatuloyo anamwalira kuchipatala ku Santiago kuchokera ku mtima kulephera kwa mtima. Komabe, pali mtunduwo monga momwe wolemba ndakatulo wa Chileya adapha othandizira a Pinochet.

Mu Meyi 2011, magazini yaku Mexico idafalitsa kuyankhulana ndi dalaivala wakale wa Neudda alal akukambirana patelefoni yam'mutu ndi Uritia. Wachikominisi adatinso kuti dokotalayo adamupha pamalamulo a Piochethet ndikungopanga jakisoni m'mimba. Nerdada anamwalira maola 6.5 atayitanitsa.

Mu 2013, kusokonekera kwa mtembo wa neuda kunachitika kuti afotokozere zomwe zinayambitsa zomwe zimachitika. Malinga ndi lipoti la ntchito ya zochitika zamkati, lofalitsidwa mu Marichi 2015, ndakatulo "ikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi poizoni wa poizoni wosadziwika."

Mawu

• "Ndikufuna ndipange nanu zomwe masika amapanga ndi makeke kuthengo."
• "Ndiye, zitha kuwoneka, chidzakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wanga. Dzanja limodzi limagunda, ndipo linalo limatambasula maluwa kuti sindikumbukira zoyipa. "
• "Ndiyenera kukhala kuti kuti ndisapeze?".
• "Moona mtima, wolemba aliyense wa dziko lathuli, amene amatchedwa kuti dziko lapansi lakhala libwezerererere Mphoto ya Nobel - ndipo amene akhala chete pa izi, ndi amene amakana."

M'bali

• 1922 - "Kupereka Dzuwa"
• 1924 - "ndakatulo ziwiri zachikondi ndi mtima umodzi"
• 1926 - "Munthu Wake Ndi Chiyembekezo Chake"
• 1933, 1935 - "Zolimbitsa - Dziko Lapansi"
• 1937 - "Spain mumtima"
• 1943 - "Nyimbo Zatsopano Zachikondi Kutha"
• 1947 - "Nyumba Yachitatu"
• 1950 - "Nyimbo Zonse"
• 1952 - "Gootain Poems"
• 1959 - "Mied zana limodzi yachikondi"
• 1960 - "Nyimbo Zaukali"
• 1962 - "Oyimira Oyera"
• 1972 - "Wancy Geography"
• 1973 - "Nyanja ndi Mabelu"