I-Biograge
I-Oliver Sax ingusosayensi ovelele wamakhulu eminyaka we-Xx-XXI. Imisebenzi yesayensi ye-American Neurologist nodokotela we-neuropsychologist bashicilelwe emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Umcwaningi wadumisa umuthi, wabopha izimfihlo zokwazi komuntu. Lezi zincwadi zichaze umlando wemitholampilo yeziguli, eqhubeka nokuhlangenwe nakho kososayensi bekhulu le-XIX. Imibhalo emibili yombhali - "ukuvuswa" kanye "ne-anthropologist eMars" - kwahlotshiswa.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usosayensi wazalwa ngoJulayi 9, 1933 eLondon. Umfana waba mncane wamadodana amane kaSamuel Saks noMuriel Landau. Ingane evela enganeni yokuqala yangena ezweni lezokwelapha. Ubaba, ukuba nomsuka wesiLatvia, wasebenza ngokujwayelekile. Umama uvela kwaGomeli kwakungudokotela ohlinzayo. U-Oliver wakhula ngumfana onethalente, ohlakaniphile, wakhombisa inqubekela phambili ekhemisi, wayenomqondo wokuhlaziya.
Ngo-1958, i-biography yoMcwaningi yagcwaliswa ngemicimbi ekhanyayo. USax uthole udokotela wezokwelapha e-Oxford University. Ngemuva kwalokho, ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-60, umfana washiya i-albhamu yenkungu wathuthela ezifundeni. Le nsizwa ibisengozini eSan Francisco ezibhedlela, ejwayelene nje nokuzijwayeza impilo namasiko aseMelika. Umngani kaSAKS kwakuyimbongi uTom Gann, kamuva le nsizwa yashayela izifundazwe eziningi enkampanini "eqinisweni lesihovu, njengoba ebhala ku-autobiography. Kulezi zihambo kunezithombe eziningi.
Umuthi nezincwadi
Ngo-1965, u-Oliver wafika eNew York futhi wathola uProfesa ekolishi. Albert Einstein. Kakade ngalesi sikhathi, uchwepheshe osemusha ucabanga ngokwakha incwadi yokuqala. Ukuvela komsebenzi wokudubula "i-Migraine" ngo-1970 kwabangelwa isidingo - ngaleso sikhathi udokotela wezinzwa wahola iziguli eziningana ezihlushwa ikhanda eliqinile.Phakathi kwezincwadi zesayensi, uSax akatholanga umthombo ofanele - umsebenzi we-migraines, udokotela ongabizi, waphendulwa ngawo-1860s. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Oliver unquma ngesisekelo semininingwane etholwe ngesikhathi ekwelapheni iziguli ukubhala umsebenzi wazo. Incwadi yokuqala ibingathandwa ngokungafani nabasebenzi abasezingeni lesiko lososayensi abaphume ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2.
Ngaleso sikhathi, owesilisa wayesevele eholele umkhuba wezokwelapha eBeth Abraham Clinic. Lapha, ebheka ukwelashwa kweziguli ezihlushwa yi-ebencephalitis, umcwaningi ochazwe ngokuningiliziwe inkambo yokusebenza ngakunye kwezokwelapha kanye nokusabela kweziguli ekukhohlisweni. Ukwelashwa kwaphumelela, iziguli zibuyele kwangaphambilini obukhona, kube sengathi zithole umoya wesibili. Akukona ngengozi ukuthi incwadi yesibili ibizwa ngegama elithi "ukuvuka".
Ukushicilelwa kwabasebenzi baka-Oliver kubangele ukubaketana esibhedlela. Umbhali wasolwa ngokwephula izimiso zezokwelapha, izimfihlo zezokwelapha ezibushelelezi (noma ngabe zingabizi amagama eziguli). Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabafundi, le ncwadi yaba ngumthengisi. Ngo-1990 kwavela ukuhlolwa kwenoveli, lapho uRobert de Niro noRobin Williams badlala khona.
Imvamisa, udokotela we-neurologist akhombisa i-pathology yakhe uqobo. Ngakho-ke, kuyathakazelisa kulokhu kwakuyincwadi ethi "Indoda eyathatha umkakhe ngemuva kwesigqoko." Kulomsebenzi, uprofesa, phakathi kwezinye izici, ezichazwe ngokuningiliziwe umbuso we-neurotic - ukuguqulwa, lapho umuntu engakwazi khona ukuqaphela ubuso babanye. Incwadi le yahlukaniswa ukukhiqizwa okukhulu, yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezahlukene. Ngo-1986, kwavulwa umlingisi eLondon.
Esinye isibonelo sezambulo zombhali kwakuwumsebenzi we- "umlenze njengokwesekwa kwamaphuzu". Lapha udokotela uchaza ukuthi maphakathi nama-70s ezintabeni zaseNorway athole kanjani. Empeleni efa, umbhali wabhekana nokuhlehlisa okunamandla - izwi lalela umuntu ukuba abuthene namabutho anyakaze, inqobo nje uma njengamandla.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ngisho nakusebusheni bakaSax, wazibonela kaninginingi ama-hallocinations, abe ngaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa ze-narcotic. Eminyakeni yokuqala yama-60s bekuyinto ejwayelekile, odokotela babona ezintweni ze-Psychotropic ikhambi elihle lezifo ezigulayo. Izincwadi zikadokotela zitholwe abafundi izici zokwazi komuntu, zasiza ukuba zizithole zisezweni. Izingcaphuno eziningi zivela emisebenzini ka-Oliver.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuba yintsha, uSax wabona ukufisa kwabesilisa. Umndeni wezinsizwa usabele kahle ekuqashelweni kuka-Oliver, okwakungukuthi yinhlekelele yengqondo yomuntu.
I-Sax amashumi amaningana eminyaka egcinwe ekuzilisheni uthando. Ekupheleni kokuphela kwempilo ye-neuropsychologist ethole injabulo yomuntu siqu ebusweni bakaBill Heis.
Ukushona
NgoFebhuwari 2015, isihloko esinyatheliswe eNew York Times, umlobi wavuma ukuthi unesifo esingesihle se-Oncological. I-SAKSA ayikhuli ka-30 Agasti 2015. Umcwaningi ungcwatshwe eNew York. Imbangela yokufa ibizwa ngokuthi yiMetastatic melanoma.I-Bibliography
- 1970 - "Migraine"
- 1972 - "Ukuvuka"
- 1984 - "Umlenze Njengokuxhaswa Kwephuzu"
- Ngo-1985 - "Umuntu owathatha umkakhe ngemuva kwesigqoko"
- 1989 - "Amaphimbo abonakalayo"
- 1995 - "Anthropologist on Mars"
- 1997 - "I-Daltonik Island"
- 2007 - "Umculo"
- 2013 - "I-Hallucinations"
- Ngo-2015 - "ekunyakazeni"