Biography
I-Nestor, iMonki yeMonakathi yaseKiev-Pechersk, ithathwa njengombhali weminyaka ephathwayo "- ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwinkcubeko yamandulo yaseRussia kunye nenkcubeko yaseStavic. Enkosi kulo msebenzi uxabisekileyo, i-aguiographer yafumana itayithi "Utata wembali yaseRussia." Icawa yaseOrthodox yanika uMonki kwizukiswa, imvukele ebusweni babangcwele. NgoNovemba 9, amakholwa abhiyozela usuku lweChidiyo kaNemoner.Ikamva
I-Nestor Chrodicler, kunye neNestor Pechersky, okanye uNecher Kiev (ngegama lemoniyakazi, apho akhonza khona), ephila ngexesha elaziwa kancinci namhlanje. Kwiingxelo zembali, ulwazi oluphambili kwi-biography ye-biint yengcwele, kodwa ukusukela kwimonda yokwenyani kuthintela ubuqaqawuli bomntu, ubunyani bolu lwazi buhle.
Ababhali-mbali bathi uSaint wazalwa malunga ne-1056. Ubomi boMfundisi-Nesfornticler ovela kumqokeleli "Kiev-Pechersky" uxela ukuba, umfana oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, waya ezindongeni zemonki, emva kokuba bemiswe yiPechedonius Pechersk. Ngokweephenyane zecawa ngaphambi kokuba athathe i-sundosticism, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba novavanyo lwe-novice, ngamanye amaxesha lwancancisa iminyaka emininzi.
Ngo-1074, uTheodosius Pechersky wasweleka, isithuba saYeeGes savuma uStefano. Ngaphantsi kwayo, uNertor uchukumise iimonki. NgokweziKrofeti, uStefano wayehlala entlokweni ye-Kiev-Pecherk Monastery iminyaka emi-4, eSANnin San Ninstor yamkela ixesha ukuya kwi-1078.
Kungenzeka ukuba iNgcwele yayiqhelene noDeodosius: yayinguNestor ngo-1091 ukuba intsikelelo ka-St. UJohn watyhila indawo yokungcwaba. Kwibali le "Tale yeminyaka eseleyo", ezi ziganeko zichaziwe. Umbhali uthetha ngaye emntwini wokuqala, malunga ne "Laurent yeoka", kodwa igama alibizi. Igama likaNonstor kuqala likhankanyiwe ebalini malunga nokudluliselwa kwezinto ze-feodosia kuphela ngo-1462.
Ukuba uNestor kwaye wayeqhelene ne-feodosius, emva koko yayinqabile ukuba inxibelelane, ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokubanzi. Ekupheleni kobomi be-feooyosia pechersk ", uMbhali oqinisekileyo, nguNestor, ubonisiwe:
"Yonke into echazwe ngasentla malunga no-Teooosia osisikelele, wacela, ndafunda kootata abalupheleyo abakhulileyo."Ubomi kwi-Conastery yaseKiev-Pechersk yayisisiseko sokungaziphathi kakuhle: Ukutya okuthobelayo kwakuxhomekeke - isonka esinamanzi, abanye bachitha ngokuzithandela, ixesha lalichithiwe ngeeyure ezininzi zemithandazo kunye neengcinga zokucinga ngokulungileyo. Ubomi bobuqu bakwaNesters banikezelwa kwimbali yeRussia yamandulo. I-Aguiographer yokuqala yaqala ukubhala ngo-1095 ngoYohane John.
Unyaka wokuzalwa kukaNester ugqibelele nangona kunjalo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Izimvo zababhali-mbali malunga nomhla wokufa ziya kwahluka kakhulu.
Ngo-1113, ugqitywe umsebenzi ongcwele kwiBhodi yoHlelo lokuqala "lweminyaka ye-Bile." Ukususela ngoko, iiKrofu ezivela phantsi kwepeni ye-nthtor ayizange iphume. Ngokutsho kwenye yeenguqulelo, i-novice ye-kiev-pechersk yagqiba kwelokuba igxile kunqulo. Kwimithandazo nakwizithuba, iminyaka embalwa idlulile, kwaye uNontor wasweleka kwikota yokuqala ye-XII kwinkulungwane. Izazinzulu ezingamelanga iSaint Aint Angfaction iyangqina ukuba wasweleka nge-1114-1115.
Kwi "Kiev-Pecherk ye-Caperk" ayiqukeli ulwazi malunga nokubonakala komntu ovela kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ovavanyo oluphambili lwe-moscow se-moscow sergey nikin, eyaziwa ngokuba yiplastiki yokwakhiwa kweplastiki ngokwendlela ye-joiil ye-gerasimov, yakwazi ukwanda kobuso bukaMihasimov, wakwazi ukwanda kobuso besanda. Nguye owona mzobo ubalulekileyo we-nator.
ISergey NikiTina yayinethamsanqa elaneleyo lokungaboni kuphela, kodwa nokufunda amandla kaNye. Ngobungakanani bekhaka, ingcali yagqiba kwelokuba ukukhula kuka-Refrend kwakungaphezulu kwe-160 cm. Ukuvezwa ngolungelelwano lwe-BOORMMETRY yethambo le-Bone ye-Bone yentloko yentloko yentloko ibonisa ukuba i-Nestor ibonisa Imonki isweleke ebudaleni obunzulu-kangangeminyaka engama-70 okanye i-80. Unobangela wokufa wayengabi nobundlobongela.
YeziKronike
I-Nestor ibangelwa kukubhalwa kweMisebenzi emithathu ubuncinci, eyona nto iphambili kuyo "Intsomi yeminyaka eseleyo." Ngokugxeka koncwadi, umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuba "yi-chronicle" yentsusa, kuba yayingumbango wakudala waseRussia, ofikile kulo nyaka, okanye "Nestorova Chrountecle".
"Intsomi yexesha" igutyungelwe lixesha elibalulekileyo ixesha elininzi-ukusuka kumaxesha ebhayibhile ukuya kwi-1117. I-chronicle yaziswa ngo-1110-1118 ngababhali abaliqela, ukuba bathabatha njengesiseko sokufa kukaNessi ngo-1115, kodwa abantu abaseleyo ayaziwa. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, i "Tale yeminyaka eseleyo" yatyikitywa ngegama likaNertor kwi-KHlebnikov ye-KHlebnikov embindini we-XI.
Ibali liqala ngo-Novemba, oonyana abathathu ababehlanganisane emhlabeni. I-Nestor ichaza apho abantu bevela khona - amaJamani, iRus, iVARAGAS kunye nendlela eyayisenziwa ngayo imizi yaseRussia.
Umhla wokuqala ekubhekiswe kuye kwi "Tale yeminyaka eseleyo", iba ngama-852, xa umhlaba waseRussia wavela. Inqaku elitsha lejografi lisekwe kwiRurik, i-Troway kunye neSineus. Kungekudala umnini opheleleyo waba yiRurik. Isiqephu esiqaqambileyo nesingenakulibaleka kwencwadi, esiqhelene nesikolo, kukufa kuka-Olegi, inzala kaRurik, kwinzala ye-rurik, ukusuka kwi-rurik, ukusuka kwinyoka, i-crane evela kwi-skill yogqatso oluthembekileyo lwenkosana.
Emva koko, uNestely uthetha malunga nolawulo lwePrince Igor, inkosikazi yakhe u-Olga noSaning Ravyatoslav, ekugqibeleni, malunga noBhaptizo lwe-vladimir ngo-988. Ikhulu lokugqibela elikhankanywe kwi "Tale yeminyaka eseleyo", i-vladimir moculokhe iba.
I-nerontar, njengendoda ye-orthodox, kwakubalulekile ukuba uxelele ukholo lwaKhe, ngoko ke umxholo wobuKristu wenzeka kwincwadi yentambo ebomvu: Ekubeni amantshontsho ebhayisikile ehamba nobhaptizo lukaRus inkqubo.
Imonki ibhala ukuba uThixo uyifumana "imicimbi emithathu": uBawo, Nyana nomoya oyingcwele, ukuba usezulwini ujikelezwe ziingelosi. Uchasene needemon ezingekho esihogweni, njengoko ziqwalaselwa namhlanje, kodwa "kwinzonzobila" Ubhaptizo lwaseRashiya uNestor uchaza njengendlela yokusindisa abantu ekungazi nokuhendwa. Abo bakhokela indlela yokuphila elungileyo, befanele indawo esecaleni koThixo ezulwini.
Okwesibini (kodwa hayi kwi-chronolowoxyo) i-chronolocy, i-ofisi ye-nermer, - "ukufunda ngobomi kunye ne-gidrice ye-boricepy ye-boricesys kwaye i-Gleb."
I-Poris kunye ne-Gleb-oonyana bakaPrince Vladimir, i-feness kunye nokuthobeka, efayo ezandleni zikaMzalwana oNgcwele Suby Suby Scovpolk. Ingxelo ibhaliwe kwiCanon Pemini yobomi-maryrie. Umzekelo, endaweni yokukhusela nxamnye noMtshabalalisi wakho, iBoris kunye ne-Gleb THLE, ifuna ukwenza ukufa kwabantu abafelweyo. I-Chronicle mihla ibuyele kwi-1110 ngonyaka.
Umsebenzi wesithathu woNestor, ukufikelelwa ngokuyinxenye kwale mihla, "ubomi boMntu oPhezulu we-feoasia, iWeUGmen Pecherskago," okanye "okanye" okanye uBomi bukaPeodosia Pechersk ". Yadalwa ngaphambi kwe-1088. Kwicraunecle ibala malunga nendlela ye-feoosia ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo inikezelwe kwi-Itotrom.
Imemori
I-Nestor Chrodicler canonshed kwi-Orthodox yaseRussia kunye neeCawa zamaRoma Katolika. Ukusukela kwi-SLAVs, inkumbulo yakhe ibhiyozelwa ngoNovemba 9, ngaxeshanye ngomhla wokubhala i-Ukraine kunye nolwimi. Iziqwengana zokuphumla kwengcwele kwimiqolomba yeKiev-Pechersk Lavra.
UNestor, njengaye nabani na, ehlala eboniswa kwimifanekiso, kodwa uninzi lwemisebenzi iphelelwe ngumbhali. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokubonwa kweNgcwele nguViktor Vasnetssova "Nesmictor-Chinike ngo-1885-1893. Intsusa igcinwe kwigalari yeTortykov.
Izikhumbuzo ze-chiesting kaNonstian zikwiKiev, Vladimir, eBorispol. Kwindlu yendlu yendlu yendlu yengcwele, itempile emibini ebizwa emva kwento yakhiwe.
YeziKronike
- I-1088 - "UBOMI BOKUJONGA KAYEHO we-feoasia yethu, heguman Pecherskago"
- I-1110 - "Ukufunda ngobomi kunye ne-ravice ye-verion ye-provice rissu ye-ristas kunye ne-gleb"
- I-1110-1118 - "I-Tale yeminyaka ye-Bygone"