Biography
Kutya ndiko kwakasimba kwazvo kwemunhu. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti mumabhuku uye cinema akabhadhara nzvimbo yakawanda kune iyi isina kunaka yemanzwiro maitiro. Asi munyika, vashoma vevanyori vaisakwanisa kungoita muverengi, asi zvakare ichivhuna kune goosebumps paganda. Nhamba yevanyori inosanganisira Howard Phillips IveLefracraft, ndiani anowanzodaidzwa kunzi edgar mune zana ramakumi maviri.
Musiki we "ngano reKtulhu" ari hwepakutanga hwekuti mumabhuku etsika kugovera chikamu chakasiyana - "zvirahwe zvinotsika". Howard yakawana zviuru zvevateveri (Nyamavhuvhu Dhelet, Stepen mambo, Clark Ashton Smith), asi mukati mehupenyu hwake haawone chero bhuku rakadhindwa. Chiratidzo chechiratidzo pamabasa e "kudana kwaKhulhu", "kuridza kutya", "kune rumwe rutivi rwehope", "загое", nezvimwe.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Howard yakazvarwa munaKurume 15, 1937 muguta guru reRoth Island - Providence. Iri guta rine migwagwa ine matombo, nzvimbo dzakawanda uye nzvimbo dzegothic dzinowanzo kuwanikwa mumabasa eRearcraft: Muhupenyu hwese hwehunyanzvi hwemabhuku, hwaive hwakakomba kumusha kwake. Munyori akataura kuti anobva kuna Azhana Johnani Johnani munda, aigara muguva reErizabheti ini akabatana nehumwe Humambo nemabasa aNikolai Copernicus.
Humhandara yechidiki yedumbu raive kusekerera. Mukomana akanyarara uye akangwara akakura kusvika kune ane makore maviri ekuchembera muBoster uye akaunza mumhuri yechibowe commikoy yeWinfield Scott, akapenga. Winfield akaiswa muchipatara chepfungwa, paakangoenda, uye Sara Sara naSusan nemwanakomana vaviri vane makore akazotamira kuimba yehurumende matatu ehama yeAngell mumugwagwa weAngell, 454.
Iyo kamuri yaive yeiyo sekuru yeRourcraft Wipple Wicu Buren Phillips nemukadzi wake Roby, avo vakanzwika nebhuku raAvid uye vakaramba raibhurari huru. Zvakare zvavanoshandisa maive nevashandi vakati wandei, iro gadheni remichero neTsime nehurongwa hwemabhiza matatu. Iwe unogona chete kurota nezve zvakadai zvekurara, asi muhupenyu hwembichare diki hadzina kutapira. Kurwara kwepfungwa kwaWinfield kwakaendeswa kuna Susan: Kupererwa nemurume / mukadzi, akava zano rakanyatsoona kuti Howard yaive zvese zvaainazvo.
Naizvozvo, Susan haana kubva kure kubva kuna anodiwa anodikanwa Chadhi, achiedza kuzadzisa kunyange yakanyanya bizarre yemwanakomana. Hongu, uye sekuru nasekuru vaida kupinza muzukuru mudiki muzukuru, mune zvese zvakamuvanza. Amai vaamai vaamai vaidiwa kupfeka mukomana mune mbatya dzemusikana. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vabereki veErnest Hemingway vakatenga madhiri ake uye gamu bvudzi.
Dzidzo yakadaro haina kudzivirira kuti Guederiti Howard, akatanga kudzora nhetembo, achidzidzira kufamba, kuwedzera kumabhuku. Mazuva erudo uye husiku akagara muukuru resekuru raibhurari, anofashama mabhuku. Kwete chete mabasa ekare, asiwo ngano dzechiArab dzakauya kumaoko jaya: Akaverenga nyaya dzakataurwa naShehrezada.
Makore ekutanga eHoward akagamuchira dzidzo yekumba. Sezvo mukomana aive aine hutano husina kusimba, aisakwanisa kuenda institution yezvedzidzo, saka aifanira kunyatsoita tsika, Chemistry, masvomhu nemabhuku ega ega. Kana rudo ruchibva rwakashandurwa 12, iye, kumufaro wake, akatanga kuenda kuchikoro zvakare, asi zvakaramba kwenguva pfupi. Chokwadi ndechekuti muna 1904 Wipple Wang Buren Phillips akafa, nekuda kwekuti mhuri yakarasikirwa nemari yayo huru yemari.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, rudo, pamwe chete naamai vake, zvakaderedzwa zvakaderedzwa mhedziso, vaifanira kutamira kuimba yekugara. Kufa kwasekuru uye kusimuka kwakaiswa mucherechedzo wechikepe, akanyungudika mukushungurudzika kukuru uye aitofunga kuderedza zviyero nehupenyu. Pakupedzisira, munyori "Dagon" haana kugamuchira gwaro redzidzo yepakati, rainyara pamusoro pehupenyu hwake hwese.
Mabhuku
Howard Phillips lovecraft yakatora pamusoro penyeredzi uye minhenga muhudiki. Iye mukomana aigara achitambudzwa nehove, nekuda kwekurota kwanga kuri kutambudzwa kunotyisa, nekuti zvaive zvisingaitike kurota izvi kana kumuka kubva murudo. Muhusiku husiku hwese, akaona kufungidzira kwake zvisikwa zvinotyisa nemapapiro ewebhu, ayo akanzi "marara ehusiku".
Mabasa ekutanga eHoward akanyorwa mumhando yepamusoro, zvisinei, zviratidzo, zvisiri-zvakakomba mabhuku "uye akatanga kusimudzira hunyanzvi, kunyora nhetembo uye zvinyorwa. Asi muna 1917, Howard yakadzokera kuchinguva zvakare ndokuburitsa nyaya "Cyrp" uye Dhagoni.
Urongwa hwekupedzisira hunovakwa kutenderedza huMwari hwaDhagoni, hunova hwentheoni remazwi eKrhuhuhu. Kuonekwa kwemhuka ino yakadzika-yegungwa kunonyangadza, uye maoko ake makuru makuru anokukuvadza munhu nemunhu wese nevanhu vese.
Zvaizoita sekunge kubudirira kwatove pedyo, nekuti "Dhagoni" rakadhindwa mubhuku ra1923. Asi muhupenyu hweHoward, kushata kwakaitika. Amai vake vakapinda muchipatara chimwe chete, kwaive nababa vake Koted makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Sarah akafa muna May 21, 1921, vanachiremba vakatadza kuporesa mukadzi uyu anopenga. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti abvise kubva pakutambudzwa, hunyanzvi hwemabhuku akatanga kushanda nesimba.
Howard oldercraft inosungirwa nyika yake yakasarudzika inogona kuiswa mumutsara mumwe chete neyeMedithera, iyo nyika yepasirese yeTerry Prank Bauma uye imwe yakafanana mabhuku. Howard yakava muvambi werudzi rwechikadzi chisinganzwisisike: Kune vanhu vari munyika vanotenda vasingaenzaniswi uye vamwari vamwari (vechinyakare), inowanikwa muNecoronomicon.
Vateveri vemunyori vanoziva kuti rudo runoreva mabasa ake pane zvekare zvinyorwa. Necronomicton ndiyo encyclopedia yemhemberero dzeMashiripiti, dzakabatana kwazvo nengano dzeKhulhu, dzinotanga kuwanikwa mune nyaya "imbwa" (1923).
Iye amori iye amene akataura kuti manyoro aivapo, uye akareva kuti "bhuku revakafa" rakanyora mhondi abland abdgured (iyo yekutanga pseudinm yemunyori, yakafuridzirwa ne "husiku husiku"). Uyezve inofamba nengano iyo bhuku iri rinochengeterwa manomwe ematanho, nekuti zvine njodzi kune hutano hwepfungwa uye hwepanyama hwemuverengi.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti "necronomicon" yakapararira pamwe nenyaya dzeRovacraft uye nyaya, uye zvirevo izvi zvakaunganidzwa mune imwe vhoriyamu yevanofarira. Yekutanga kuzviita yakauya iyo munyori Augustus Drill - fan inofarira yeHoward. Nenzira, iyo "necronomicon" Semblance yakashandisa iyo Director Sam Raymi muTr Culting Trilogy "(1981,1987,992).
Zvakare, tenzi weminhenga akapa mabhuku ake rudzi rwezviputiro uye mifananidzo. Semuenzaniso, kuremekedza iyo huru uye inotambisa Tsika yeutsinye inofanira kududzwa: Nenzira, kekutanga imwe gorofu octopog-senge chikara, kurara paPacific Ocean uye iyo inokwanisa kupesvedzera pfungwa dzemunhu, yakaonekwa munyaya "daidzira Ktulhu" (1928).
Tevere, gore gare gare, inobuda pasi pezita rekuti "Horror Danvich" (1929). IveReReurcraft inotaurira muverengi wake nezveguta rekunyepedzera, riri kuchamhembe kweCentral Massachusetts. Munzvimbo ino yakasviba, murume mukuru aida kuita tsika johisi, uye jaya ririmi, rakanga risiri kumurume, asi chisikwa chinoshamisa chine tende.
Muna 1931, Howard akazadza biography yake yekuzvishayiwa kweiyo shungu "kupenga" kutaridzika kunoratidzika kunge kusingabvumirwe pakutanga, chirwere.
Mukati me1931, rudo rwechiratidzo rwakanyorwa neimwe basa - "muchizeveza murima", uko rudzi rwekuwedzera rwemagariro ane musoro mi-th at kutaurwa kekutanga. Mune nyaya yake, munyori anosangana mune rimwe bhodhoro rekuongorora, rondedzero yesainzi uye akave akacherekedza chisikwa chake neanokosha erudo rekugamuchira.
Mabhuku eRudokraft anotyisa kuti kutyisa kwepfungwa kweasina kutyisidzirwa, uye kwete kwekutanga kutyisidzirwa kwemuverengi wemasampires, monsters, monsters, zombies uye mamwe mavara anoshandiswa mumanyoro ake. Uyezve, Howard kuziva nzira yekupomera mamiriro ezvinhu ekufungidzira, izvo zvimwe alfred hichkok amene angadai akaitira godo ane hunyanzvi hwemabhuku.
Gare gare, rudo rwakaratidza nyaya "zviroto muimba yemuroyi" (1932). Nyaya yacho inotsanangura hupenyu hweVadzidzi veMudzidzi Wallter Jilman, vakati vanzwa nyaya dzeSordunion yeKezia Mason, ndiani aigona kufamba mukati. Asi mukomana wechidiki ane chivimbo chekuti muroyi anofamba muchikamu chechina. Pakupedzisira, anokatyamadza Walter anotanga kuona hope dzehusiku: Pangangobata meso emunhu mukuru, mukadzi wezvakaipa anotanga kumukomba.
Muna 1933, Howard yakanyora nyaya nezita rekutaura - "Musiki pane chikumbaridzo." Mabasa okushamwaridzana anokudziridza mutaundi rekunyepedzera reArkhemu, mumba maArmitect Daniel Apton, ari kuedza kutsanangurira muverengi, nei akauraya shamwari yake - munyori Edward Pikman Derby. Iri basa rine zvisingatarisirwi zvinopera zvakawanda zviri kudzikisira bhuku rinodiwa mune zvisinganzwisisike uye zvakaoma nyaya.
Zvadaro, muna 1935, kuda kwakaburitsa bhuku "kupfuura nguva" uye mugore rimwe chete akatsaurira kuRobert Bloch chigadzirwa chitsva - "Ugaro murima." Iri bhuku rinotaura nezvemunyori Robert Blake, akawanikwa akafa kumba. Pamunotarisana nemunyori, zvinotyisa zvakaomenya, uye mutongi zvaakaitika muzuva iro rekuuraya rorufu, zvinokwanisika chete kudzoreredza, wakapararira patafura.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pabasa reHoward kune muunganidzwa wemasono "howa kubva kuYughota", yakanyorwa muna 1929. Zvakare rudo, ane tarent tarent akaomeserwa, akabatsira vavanoshanda navo pamusangano wekunyora nyaya. Uyezve, zvaiwanzoitika kuti marefu ese eRukudzo akaendeswa kune wechipiri Co-auto munyori aive nemupiro madiki kune iyo podabul yebasa racho.
RudoCracters yakasara nhaka yenhaka ye epistolar, masayendisiti akataura kuti mavara ezviuru zana akanyorwa neruoko rwechisimba. Kusanganisira iyo yekunyora yevamwe vanyori yakagadziriswa neRearcraft. Nekudaro, Howard vakasara chete mitsara mishoma kubva ku "yekutanga", kugamuchira mari isingakoshi yeizvi, vamwe vanyori-vanyori vaigutsikana nemari yakakura.
Hupenyu Hwako
Howard Lollitraft yakararama hupenyu hwekugadzirisa. Anogona kunge ari patafura nemazuva nehusiku, achinyora zvinyorwa zvinonakidza, izvo zvakave mukurumbira mushure mekufa kwemunyori wemunyori. Wizard yeIzwi yakanga ichiburitswa mumagazini, asi mari iyo ma editors yakabhadharwa yakanga isina kukwana kuti uvapo hukuru.
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti "Fodder" yeRourcraft Deatitorial basa muindasitiri yeAmateur yekunyora zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Haana kungoita kubva pakunyora kwevanyori "pipi", asiwo akazotorerwa zvinyorwa zvemavara, zvekuti zvakamutora, nekuti kunyange magwaro amachira akadhindwa.
Vakararama panguva iyoyo vakataura kuti murume murefu uye akatetepa chitarisiko cheBorlofa Zverudo waiziva kunzwira tsitsi, semuenzaniso weshamwari yeRobert Howard, vakasarudza pane chiitiko chakadai nekuda kwekufa kwaamai - vakakuvadzwa nehanya mumoyo uye vakagomera hutano hwake.
Uye zvakare, munyori weropa rinotyisa ropa rakadana katsi, ice cream uye kufamba: Aive muNew England, Quebec, Philadelphia naChareston. Zvinotyisa, rudo rweRechikuru haruna kuda kutonhora nekutsvedza kwemamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze ayo anotonga muzvinyorwa zveEdgar muEdgar in uye pendi naTim Berton. Zvakare, akange aneta nezvose zvakabatana negungwa, kunyangwe mabasa ake akasungwa nekunhuhwirira kwemvura uye akasvinwa pamhenderekedzo.
Kana iri hukama hwezvinono, rinozivikanwa chete nezveimwe yemunyori, madzinza eumambo hweRussia - Sona Green. Vanoda vakatama kubva kuPacific Providen kune Noisy New York, asi rudo harina kukwanisa kumira uye nekukurumidza kwehupenyu. Nenguva isipi mukadzi wacho akarambana, asina nguva yekuronga kurambana.
Rufu
Kudzidza nezverufu rweshamwari yakazvidzinga mumuromo make kubva pistol, howard yaisakwanisa kuuya kwaari. Pakupedzisira, akamira kudya chikafu, nekuti akawana cancent inteceine. REVHARTHFISI RAKASHAYA MUKurume 15, 1937 Mukuperekedzwa kwake, kupukunyuka Robert Howard kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe.
Pashure pazvo, basa remunyori rinowanzoita hwaro hwemafirimu akasiyana-siyana, uye Howard akazvitakura kuvaka chifananidzo chiri muProvidence.
BHAIBHERI
- 1917 - "Crypt"
- 1917 - "Dagon"
- 1919 - "Kuberekwazve kweJuan Romero"
- 1920 - "Cats Mugumo"
- 1921 - "Mumhanzi Erich Tsana"
- 1925 - "Zororo"
- 1927 - "Ruvara Kubva Kune Dzimwe Nyika"
- 1927 - "Mhambo Charles Dexter Ward"
- 1928 - "Daidzira Ktulhu"
- 1929 - "Horror Danvich"
- 1929 - "Silver Key"
- 1931 - "Kupenga Makonzo"
- 1931 - "Mumvuri Pamusoro MuNnsmut"
- 1931 - "Kuzevezeruka murima"