Induru y'amahano, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'abamoko baherekejwe n'abatumva baherekeza iyicarubozo rya Ihuman ry'abarwayi - ayo mahano adahimbwa ku bitaro by'imyumbati. Ubutabera kugirango tuvuge ko atari ibihuha byose hamwe nibihuha byose bijyanye nibibanza nkibi bihimwe gusa amashusho. Kugirango mubyukuri, ibintu biteye ubwoba byabaye, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mugukiza indwara zo mumutwe byari bigoye kwitwa ubumuntu. Iki gihe, abanditsi ba 24CMI bazavuga ibitaro biteye ubwoba byisi ndetse ninkuru zijyanye nukuri kandi zimpimbano.
Umunyaustraliya "Ararat"
Bimaze gutwarwa muri Ositaraliya, ibitaro kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, byafunguwe mu 1867, bizwiho ibikorwa byayo. Ntabwo byari ivuriro ryindwara zo mu mutwe nka printer, igamije ibikubiye muri binopomethane gusa umusazi na binopothane, n'abagizi ba nabi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.Hasi syndrome, kwiheba nyuma yo kwiheba mu bagore, autism - muri byo, "bavuwe" hano hifashishijwe uburyo "bwo kuvuka nka Lobotomy na electrosipro. Buri mwaka, abantu bagera ku ijana bapfiriye mu rukuta rw'ibitaro, muri bo batarwaye gusa, ariko kandi abaganga ubwabo. Igihe, nko mu 1998, ivuriro "Ararat" rifunze, abarwayi barenga ibihumbi 13 n'abarenga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bapfiriye hano.
Noneho ibitaro byahoze bizwi ku nkombe n'imikorere nk'ikigo cya kaminuza ya Australiya. Na none, hano hari ingendo zigenda ziyongera, aho amahirwe azabona amahirwe yo kugenzura inyubako ya kera: gusura ibyatsi binyura muri korgue yiciwe, aho, haracya bishoboka guhura umwuka utuje.
Tonton: Gutera Jane Kwamburwa
Umujyi muto wa Tauten muri Massachusetts y'Abanyamerika y'Amajyaruguru wari uzwi cyane mu bitaro bya deciecchingcs biherereye aho, bikaba bikomeje kugenda mu bihuha n'ibihuha. Yafunguwe mu 1851 kandi akora mbere ya 1975 ibitaro biteye ubwoba bisabwa bidakwiriye umugore umwe gusa.
Uyu mukobwa witwa Jane Toppfan yakoraga mu bitaro bya TonHon ku muforomo ndetse no mu bikorwa by'umwuga nkana abantu barenga 30 ku isi yakurikiyeho, muri bo mushiki we wa Pivot. Umukozi wubuzima yasobanuriwe cyane ibiyobyabwenge, kubushishozi bwiwe, muguhindura ibintu byinshi bya ATRINE na Morphine mu myiteguro yagenwe. Yahuye n'ibyishimo muri ibyo bihe ubwo abantu bapfutse banditse mu mayahuni.
Icyuma cya Jane, ariko "yagurijwe" mu murwayi w'inzu ye yasazi, kubera ko yamenyekanye ko arwaye mu mutwe. Toppan yavuze ko intego yari "kwica abantu benshi bashoboye."
Kubera "Ubushakashatsi", ibihuha by'abanyambo byambuwe ibihuha bikabije, byavuze ko ibitaro byose ari Abakristo bategura imbaga y'amaraso no kuzana inyamaswa n'abarwayi mu mihango y'umukara. Nyuma yimyaka 160 y'akazi, ibitaro byari bikiri bifunze, ariko abatuye i Tonuon baracyizeye ko mu rukuta rwayo ushobora guhura na bamwe mu barwayi bishe inzirakarengane.
"Gutegereza": Incage ya Lancashir
Gukomeza urutonde rwa psycho iteye ubwoba "yokubera". Nubwo itariki yemewe yo gufungura ivuriro rya whinic ya whinic, riherereye mu karere k'intara y'Icyongereza wa Lancashir, ifatwa nk'intara yo ku ya 1 1873, nk'uko abarwayi barenga ijana bamaze kubaho Ifasi y'Ikigo ndetse ikanafasha mu kubaka. Kubapfuye kuva mu myaka yafunguraga, ubuvuzi bwabana, ntabwo bwarimo imirambo gusa, hagenewe kandi itorero rifite amashami ibihumbi, ariko kandi niryo shami rifite amakarita ibihumbi, ariko kandi niryo shami rifite amabaruwa ibihumbi, "ariko kandi niryo shami rifite amashami ibihumbi, ariko nanone ibikorwa remezo bifite ipape,". Amaduka, imirima yumurima, imbyino n'ibihushya hamwe na gari ya moshi. Ivuriro ryahindutse mu mujyi wa Miniature, abayuda batandukanye n'abantu basanzwe.Urukozasoni, rwabyaye imbaga y'ibihuha ku kigo, rutangira mu myaka ya 60 yo mu kinyejana gishize. Imigenzo y'abashinzwe ubuvuzi yahindukiriye inzego z'ibanze hamwe na raporo ku buryo butangaje bwo gufunga abarwayi b'abarwayi bo mu bitaro. Dukurikije abatangiye ku buzima, abarwayi bakomeje mu bihe biri kure y'isuku, byagize ingaruka nziza ku gukwirakwiza pedicosis. Ntabwo byubahirije ibisabwa n'ibiryo byagaburiye abarwayi. Nanone, abatangabuhamya b'ibimuga byerekanye ihohoterwa ry'umubiri ryakoreshejwe ku bijyanye n'abarwayi bo ku bakozi. Nyuma y'iperereza, abakozi benshi b'ibitaro bakuwe mu bikorwa by'ubuvuzi, abandi bagiye ku tubari.
Ikigo cy'ubuvuzi cyafunzwe mu 1995, ariko ibihuha bijyanye n'iyicarubozo kandi ubushakashatsi bwa kinuman kubera abarwayi bahohotewe bababaye kugwiza kugeza na n'ubu. N'abantu ku giti cyabo, bashoboye kwinjira mu butaro zatawe, bakizeza ko biboneye ibintu bidafite ubwoba aho.
"Igabana" risazi
Ubusazi bw'inkingi ntibushoboka, nubwo hari ibibazo byabo byo mu nzozi ndetse n'ababyeyi bateye ubwoba bafitanye isano no kuguma mu bitaro bya Psycliatric, bigeze basura ibitaro bya Psychoatric, bigeze basura ibitaro bya Psychoatric, byatangaje ko ari "ururimi", iherereye muri Ohio. Ariko kurindikira ubusazi ku nkuru yanditse umupfumu uzwi wa horror wamenya hano.
Ivuriro rirwaye mumutwe ryafunguwe mu 1874 kandi mugihe cyo kubaho cyashoboye kubyara ibihuha byinshi biteye ubwoba, bimwe muribi bigomba kwinjizwa, ntibyari kure yukuri. Noneho, turashidikanya kandi akenshi twamaganwa muburyo rusange bwo kwivuza, ariko, akenshi ryakoreshwaga muri iyo myaka nibindi bigo nkiki, byari hano mu mashanyarazi, ntakintu gihuriye no kwiyuhagira na massage yamazi, ariko akenshi "gutanga umurwayi" uvuye mubusazi hamwe nubuzima. Imva hafi 2000 ziri ku bitaro, ku mva zo mu majwi, aho kuba amazina, imwe mu mibonano irasakurwa, erekana iherezo ryabarwayi baho.
Ariko impanuka iteye ubwoba cyane, yabereye mu rukuta rw'ikigo, ubu ni iya kaminuza ya Ohio, ndetse n'ibiro byinshi kandi inzu ndangamurage ya Kennedy ifatwa nk'iyibura mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, umurwayi, Nyuma y'umubiri wabo wambaye ubusa nyuma yavumbuwe mu Rugereko rwatawe. Mu mwanya umurambo wabonetse, hasigaye amaraso yamenetse. Ibyo, niba wemera ibihuha, ntabwo nashoboraga gukaraba. Inkuru zerekeye abazimu zizerera kuri koridoro n'abazimu - bacecetse kubera inyubako ziryamye z'ibiza biteye ubwoba no gutaka kwamanutse mu gufunga ibitaro mu 1993.
Pennhurst: Ishuri ry'ububabare
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, ibigo byinshi byo gukosora no mubuvuzi, hafi yuburyo bubi bikaba bikagenda na vita aura yubwoba no gutinya. Nukuri kubitaro bya psnhicy muri Psnurcy muri Pennsylvania, byafunguwe mu 1903 atari ivuriro ryabarwayi gusa, ariko kandi rifite amashuri yisumbuye kubana bafite ubumuga bwo mumutwe no mumubiri.Imyaka mike yakazi hazengurutse ikigo yatangiye gukwirakwiza ibihuha byerekana ko abaganga bahuye n'iyicaruboro riteye ubwoba ku kuvura abarwayi: mu nkuta z'ishuri rihana mu bitaro, kandi bafite ubumuga bwo kwibiza mu bitaro, kandi bafite ubumuga bwo kwinubira bunyamaswa, gutera ubwoba Hamwe nabanyamuryango no gusunika kwiyahura.
Nyuma yizindi ngero zuburakari rusange mu 1987, ivuriro ryarafunzwe, risiga ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byose. Inkorora idasanzwe yahise igwa mu karere k'ibitaro byatawe, yabwiye abazimu na Potterbiste batuye aho kuva mu byumba byubusa, kandi bikomeza ku rundi ruhande. Ariko, hashize imyaka ibiri, ibitaro byaguze ishyirahamwe ryigenga kugirango utegure ikururaro ziteye ubwoba Pennhurt Asylum. Noneho, kugura itike yishuri ryibitaro kurubuga rwabateguye bazashobora umuntu uwo ari we wese, nkumuntu ku giti cye, kugirango umenye ukuri ukuri kw'ikigo cy'imigani. Nibyo, ubwinjiriro bwabana kuri iyi ubwobabumuntu.
Trenton: "Ingoba" Ipamba ya Henry
Icyamamare cyiza cyashinzwe mu 1848 kandi gikora kugeza ubu ibitaro bya leta byindwara zo mu mutwe, biherereye mu murwa mukuru wa Jersey, bisabwa kureba mu murwa mukuru wa Jersey, ategekwa ku murwa mukuru wa Jersey, asabwa kureba mu murwa mukuru wa Jersey, ategekwa ku murwa mukuru wa Jersey, asabwa kureba mu murwa mukuru wa Jersey, ategekwa kureba neza imyitozo yo kuvura umuyobozi waho wo mu mutwe. Dr Henry Cotton yize mu Burayi kuva bamenye irabagirana mutwe - hagati y'abigisha ye hari imibare nko Alois Alzheimer, Adolf Meyer na Emil Kure, akaba yagaragaje ibitekerezo impinduramatwara byerekeye gukira indwara yo mu mutwe. Biragaragara, ibitekerezo bya Matri kurabitera ibitera uburwayi bwo mumutwe byateye inkunga Dr. Ipamba kugirango akore tekinike yo gukiza.
Kwishingikiriza ku makuru yabonetse mu 1913 ko ku barwayi barwaye Syphil, bagiteri ya pathilis, Henry yasabye ko indwara zishobora kuganisha ku iterambere ry'imico ya psyche. Guhera hamwe "urujijo rwa mikorobe igaragara, umunwa, Dr. Ipamba yatangiye gukuraho amenyo arwaye, ubanza ufite imyenzi n'ibisabe, hanyuma ubuzima bwiza. Kugirango ukomeze ubuzima bwumwuka munzu yawe, iki gikorwa "cyanditswe" cyagaragaye kuri we, kimwe numugore we hamwe nabana. Ariko kubera ko abarwayi "batandukanije" batahagaritse ipamba, Henry Pamba, yatangiye gucibwa n'inzira "zishobora guteza akaga" ku buryo bushoboka "bwo gukwirakwiza indwara zanduye, ariyo mpamvu iteye akaga "Kuva ku meza yo gukora ako kanya ku mva.
Amagana y'ishema n'ibihumbi ajanjaguwe n'amaboko y'umuntu umwe - ibisubizo by'umurimo wa "Ingoba" mu muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe Henry Papa, wapfuye mu 1933 avuye mu gitero. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko byateye imbere na we, mu bitaro by'indwara zo mu mutwe bya Trentchoatric byakomeje gufatwa kugeza ku ya 50 Werurwe. Ahari nta nkuru ziteye ubwoba zerekeye imyuka n'imigani izabana n'izi bintu bitangaje ko batuye muri ibi bitaro.
Siinphun: Inzu ya Ghost
Urebye inyubako y'amagorofa 9 y'amagorofa ya Sailypukhun yo mu Karere ka Sailypukhun muri Hong Kong, biragoye kwizera ko habaye psycho yo mu mutwe iteye ubwoba, yise abatuye mu rugo rwa "Ghost" kuri Inzego nyinshi muri koridoro n'imitwe y'ikigo. Noneho ijwi risigaye riva mubitaro.
Ikibanza cyubatswe mu 1892, kubaka byakoreshwaga mu gutuza abakozi b'ubuvuzi, ariko Intambara yo mu Buvuzi, ariko Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yahindutse mu bitaro byo mu mutwe. Nk'uko amakuru amwe abivuga, mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, komite ishinzwe ubuvuzi yafashe ingabo z'Abayapani, yashyize imicungire y'ibikorwa bishyirwa muri yo, mu rukuta rw'Inzirakarenga ijana z'inzirakarengane zatandukanye n'ubuzima. Imigani yerekeye abazimu baba hano yaraciwe nyuma yo gusoza ivuriro - kuva 70, inyubako yagumye yatereranye, abafana bavuga ko ari imbogamizi zabo, bavuza inzitizi z'umukobwa n'uburakari bw'umukobwa n'uburakari bw'umukobwa n'uburakari bw'umukobwa n'uburakari bw'umukobwa n'uburakari bw'umukobwa no kumva. Abandi bemezaga ko babonye ishusho y'agateganyo y'amayobera, yiswe na "shitani." Byongeye kandi, inama zose hamwe nuwatazwi byabereye mu igorofa rya kabiri ryahoze ari imitekerereze yo mu mutwe.
Muri 90 two mu kinyejana cya Xx, guverinoma y'umujyi yafashe icyemezo cyo gusenya inyubako, kugumana igice hasi. Pestroika yarangiye mu 2001 - ubu hari ikigo rusange kiri ku "nzu y'abazimu", aho ibiro by'imiryango myinshi iherereye iherereye.