Kupopota kwekutyisa, kupaza kwemagetsi kusimuka uye matsi moans achiperekedza kushungurudzwa kwevarwere - izvo zvinotyisa hazvigoneke nezvezvipatara zvepfungwa zvePsychiatric. Kururamisira nekuda kwekutaura kuti kwete runyerekupe rwese uye ngano pamusoro penzvimbo dzakadai dzinotaura chokwadi chemavhidhiyo. Kuti vawane chaizvo, zviitiko zvinotyisa zvakaitika, uye nzira dzekurapa dzinoshandiswa kuporesa hurwere hwepfungwa dzaive dzakaoma kunzi munhu. Panguva ino, magadzirirwo a 24Mmi achataura nezvezvipatara zvakanyanya zvepfungwa dzenyika uye nezvenyaya dzakabatana uye dzidziso dzechokwadi.
Australia "Ararat"
Inowanikwa muAustralia, chipatara chevanhu vane hurema hwepfungwa "Ararar", akavhura muna 1867, anozivikanwa nemaitiro ayo ekurapa. Yakanga isiri yakawanda kiriniki yepfungwa sepriniki, inoitirwa zvirimo mune zvese zvakajairika kupenga uye binopomethane, uye matsotsi ane hurema hwepfungwa.Pasi Syndrome, postpartum kushungurudzika muvakadzi, kubva pane izvi zvakare "kurapwa" pano "maitiro ekutsvaga", kusanganisira kukakavara kwakadai saLoboty uye emagetsi ekurapa. Gore rega rega, vanhu vangangosvika zana vakafa mumadziro echipatara, pakati pavo vaisave varwere chete, asiwo vanachiremba. Pakazosvika 1998, kiriniki "kirini" ararar "yakavharwa, vanopfuura zviuru gumi zvemauto uye vatariri vezviratidzo zvekurapa vakafa pano.
Iye zvino chichava chipatara chepfungwa chinozivikanwa seyakaoma uye mabasa sekomboni yeiyo Australia Koreji yewaini. Zvakare, kune runyararo rwekufamba pano, uko mukana uchaona mukana wekuongorora chivakwa chekare: kushanyira wadhi, kushanyira iyo Morgue uye kufamba-famba, uko, ichiri kuitika kusangana nawo Iwo mweya usina kuzorora.
Tonton: Dzivisa Jane Yakanyimwa
Taundi diki reTaunton muNorth American State Massachusetts rakakurumbira nekuda kweHurumende Pyrinoatric Kupararapo, izvo zvanga zvichienderera mberi nekuenderera mberi nekuvhundutsa runyerekupe uye ngano. Akavhurika muna 1851 uye akashanda pamberi pechipatara 1975 chinotyisa chisingamanikidzwa kusungirwa kusava nemukadzi mumwe chete.
Musikana anonzi Jane Toppan ashanda muchipatara cheTonton kuchipatara uye panguva yehunyanzvi hwekutuma vanopfuura vanhu vanopfuura makumi matatu kuenda kunyika inotevera, pakati paanoteerera hanzvadzi yake. Mushandi wehutano akafuridzira akaedza zvinodhaka, pakufunga kwayo, nekuchinja zvinhu zvakanyanyisa zveatropine uye morphine mune yakatarwa gadziriro. Akasangana neongororo mune izvo nguva apo vanhu vane muchetura vakanyora mukuzviuraya kubatwa.
Pfungwa dzaJaneji payakabviswa, 'rakadzoserwa "mumurwere weimba yake yekupenga, sezvo yaizivikanwa seyakarwara nepfungwa. Toppan akapokana kuti chinangwa chaive chekuti "kuuraya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira vanhu vasina rubatsiro."
Nekuda kwe "kuyedza" Pashure pemakore zana ebasa, chipatara chakange chichiri kuvharwa, asi vagari veTenzvimbo vachiri kuvimba kuti mumadziro ayo iwe unogona kungoerekana wasangana nevapanga vasina mhosva vakaurayiwa vasina mhosva vakaurayiwa.
"Kumirira": LEncashir Scandal
Kuenderera mberi nerondedzero yeiyo inotyisa kwazvo psycho "kuchera". Kunyangwe iyo yepamutemo zuva rekuvhurwa kwechiremba wepfungwa dzepfungwa dzechirungu, iri mudunhu reChirungu County yeLancashir, inoonekwa seyakaverwa. 1873, panguva iyoyo varwere vanopfuura zana vakatogara mukati Ndima yeInstitution uye yakatobatsira mukuvaka. Kune avo vakapfuura kubva pakuvhunduka kwemakore, izvo zvokurapa, izvo zvaisanganisira zvigunwe chete, zvakarongedzwawo zvechiuru zvevarwere, asiwo chechi "chapeli yezvinyorwa zvine tsamba, kubatana kwefoni, kutengeserana Zvitoro, mapurazi emapurazi, kutamba uye konzati dzimba uye njanji. Kiriniki yakatendeukira kuguta rediature, avo vagari vakasiyana nevanhuwo zvavo.Iyo nyonganiso, iyo yakaburitsa huwandu hwenyarudzi kutenderedza nzvimbo, yakatanga mumakore makumi matanhatu ekupedzisira. Maitiro kubva kune vashandisi vekurapa akatendeukira kune zviremera zvemunharaunda nemushumo wemamiriro ekunze ekuvharirwa kwevarwere. Maererano nevazhinji vevashandi vehutano, varwere vakachengetwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ari kure nehasha zviyero, izvo zvaive nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuparadzira kwakapararira kwePediculosis. Izvo hazvina kutevedzera zvinodiwa uye chikafu chakadyarwa varwere. Zvakare, Zvapupu zveshuwa zvinoratidza chisimba chemuviri chakashandiswa mukubatana nevarwere kubva kune vashandi. Mushure mekuferefeta, vanoverengeka vevashandi vechipatara vakabviswa pamabasa ekurapa, vamwe vakaenda kumabhawa.
Iyo Institution Institution yakavharwa muna 1995, asi runyerekupe pamusoro pekutyisa kushungurudzwa uye zvisingaenzaniswi nekuedza kwezvakashata varwere vakararama muzuva rino. Uye vanhu vakakwanisa kupinda mundima yechipatara chakasiiwa, vimbisa kuti ivo vakapupurira zviitiko zvisina musoro zvinotyisa ipapo.
"Matsamba" anopenga
Hovard lovecraft haigoni kuitika, kunyangwe paine matambudziko ehusiku uye kuti ruzhinji rwevabereki, rwakafa rwakabatana neyekuparadzira kwepfungwa, vakamboshanyira kuchipatara cheguta, vakazotumidzwa zita rekuti "makosi", iyo inowanikwa muOhio. Asi mudzidziso wezvipenga zvenyaya dzakanyorwa kuti wizard inozivikanwa yekutyisa ichadzidza chaizvo pano.
Kiriniki yekurwara kwepfungwa yakavhurwa muna 1874 uye munguva yekuvapo yakakwanisa kupa runyerekupe rwakawanda runotyisa, vamwe vanofanira kubvumidzwa, vaisave kure nechokwadi. Saka, akashambidzika uye anogara achitongerwa nzira dzekurapa, izvo, zvakadaro, zvaiwanzoshandiswa mumakore iwayo nemamwe masangano akafanana, kuvhunduka kweLobothy, hydrotherapy, hapana chakafanana nekuzorora inopisa Uye massage emvura, asi asi kazhinji "kuendesa" murwere kubva mukupenga pamwe nehupenyu. Anenge masango 2000 ari pazvipatara, pamakuva ayo, panzvimbo yemazita, dzimwe nhamba dzechiitiko dzinogogodzwa kunze, ratidza nzvimbo inosiririsa yevarwere veko.
Asi tsaona inotyisa kwazvo, iyo yakaitika mumadziro echikoro, izvo zviri kuyunivhesiti yeOhio, uye mazhinji emasimini uye mamuseum yemumuseum anoonekwa seanonoka 70s zana ramakore rechi20, murwere, Vasina kupfeka muviri gare gare vakawana mukamuri refu rakareba. Panzvimbo iyo iyo chitunha chakawanikwa, nzvimbo yeropa yakaramba iripo. Izvo, kana iwe uchitenda runyerekupe, ini handina kukwanisa kuzvishambidza. Nhau dzezvipo pamusoro pemagasi dzinodzungaira pamakorosi uye zvipoko-dzinoshandiswa mukunyarara kwezvivakwa zvekurara zvivakwa zvinotyisa uye manyoro zvakadzika kusvika pakuvharwa kwechipatara muna1993.
Pennhurst: Chikoro chekurwadziwa
MuUnited States of America, akawanda ekuregerera masangano uye ekurapa masangano, akatenderedza ngano dzisingagoni kufamba uye dzakaita aura yekutya nekutya. Ichokwadi kuti ichokwadi psnhurst homanic hospitalMakore mashoma ebasa akatenderedza institution akatanga kuparadzira runyerekupe kuti vanachiremba vanorwadza kutambudza varwere: Mitemo yechipatara, uye vakaremara vane hutsinye, vanotsamwisa-kushamwaridzana-kushamwaridzana nenhengo uye kusundira kuzviuraya.
Mushure mekusvava kweshungu dzevoruzhinji muna 1987, kiriniki yakavharwa, ichisiya michina yose uye fenicha munzvimbo. Zvisingawanzo kukosora avo vakatanga kusungira kupinda mundima yechipatara chakasiiwa, vakaudza zvipoko uye vaitenda vafundisi vanogara ikoko kubva pamakamuri asina chinhu, uye vachifamba pane rumwe rutsigiro rwemumwe munhu. Nekudaro, makore mashoma apfuura, chipatara chakatenga chakavanzika kuronga chinotyisa chekutya kwepennhurst asylum ipapo. Zvino, kutenga tikiti rechisimba pachipatara pane nzvimbo yevarambi vanokwanisa kune chero munhu, sezvazviri, kuti ave nechokwadi chechokwadi chechisimba chinotyisa ngano. Chokwadi, musuwo wevana kune izvi zvinotyisa zvinorayirwa.
Trenton: "Ingwaru" Henry Cotton
Mukurumbira unobudirira wakavambwa muna 1848 uye kushanda kusvika parizvino psychiatric trenton chipatara, chiri muguta guru reJersey, rinosungirwa kutaridzika kwekurapa maitiro ekurapa wepfungwa superintendent. Dr. Henry Cotton akadzidza muEurope kubva kuKunakirwa Psychiatry Plining Zviripachena, kufungidzira nezveMatrist nezve zvinokonzeresa kurwara kwepfungwa kwakasundidzirwa Dr. Cotton kuti vagadzire maitiro avo ekurapa ekurapa.
Kuvimba neruzivo rwakawanikwa muna 1913 kuti mune varwere vane syphilis, pathogenic bactia kukunda kwehuropi uye dementia, Henry akakurudzira kuti hutachiona hunogona kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kwesyche. Kutanga neiyo "Mbeu yehutachiona", muromo, muromo, Dr. Cotton yakatanga kubvisa mazino anorwara, kutanga aine mabwe uye nekuvhurwa, uye wozovaka hutano. Kuchengetedza utano hwemweya mumba mako, iko kuvhiyiwa "novateti" kwakafumura kwaari, pamwe nemukadzi wake nevana. Asi sezvo "varwere" vevarwere vasina kumisa kushushikana, Henry Cotton akatamira kune imwe nhanho - yakatanga kujekesa neutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, ndosaka varwere vakarasika nhengo dzinowanzo "famba "Kubva patafura inoshanda nekukurumidza kumakuva.
Mazana akaurayiwa uye zviuru zvekupwanywa nemaoko emunhu mumwe - mhedzisiro yebasa re "pfungwa" dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzepfungwa, vakafa muna 1933 kubva pakurwara kwemoyo. Uyezve, maererano nenzira yakavakirwa naye, muchipatara cheTrenton Psychiatric yakaramba ichibatwa kusvika makumi mashanu ezana ramakore apfuura. Zvichida hapana nyaya dzinotyisa pamusoro pemweya uye ngano dzemadhorobha dzichava dzakaenzana nezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvavanoitika muchipatara ichi.
Siinphun: Ghost House
Kutarisa kuchivako kwe9-chitoro kweiyo saini yeSainphuhun Dunhu reSaini kuwanda kwemasangano mumakororari uye makamuri echikoro. Zvino chete chinyorwa chinosara muchipatara.
Pakutanga yakavakwa na 1892, kuvakwa kwaishandiswa kugosetazve vashandi vekurapa, asi mushure mekunge Hondo Yenyika II ichishandurwa muchipatara chePsychiatric. Maererano nerumwe ruzivo, pakati pezviito zvechiuto, komiti yechipiriso yakatora mauto eJapan, achiisa manejimendi ekuurawa arimo, mumadziro evagari venzvimbo vasina mhosva akarambana nehupenyu. Ngano pamusoro pemagehtsu dzemagondopi dzinogara pano dzakagoverwa kiripiki - kubva pamakumi manomwe, uye vateveri vacho vakatanga kushandurwa, vachipokana kuti kuchema kwemusikana nekutyisa kwakanzwika. Vamwe vaine chokwadi chekuti vakaona chisinganzwisisike mweya wemweya, iyo yaidanwa ne "murume wedhimoni." Uyezve, misangano yose ine zvisingazivikanwe yakaitika pauriri hwechipiri hwekutanga psychic kuvenga kwepfungwa.
Muma 90s yezana ramakore Xx, hurumende yeguta yakasarudza kuputsa chivakwa, chengetedza chikamu chekutanga. Peestroika yakapera muna 2001 - Zvino pane nzvimbo yeruzhinji panzvimbo ye "imba yemweya", uko mahofisi ehuwandu hwemasangano anoverengeka anowanikwa.