Ubuzima
Shota Rustaveli - Umusizi wa Jeworujiya na Umunyaporman. Iki gitambo cy'impano cya Tamari cyabaye umwanditsi w'igisibo kizwi ku isi "Vitezi muri Tiger Shkure". Uyu murimo wabaye urwibutso rw'ibitabo, ariko bake bamenye ko igisigo cyanditswe na Rustaveli cyanenzwe n'itorero ryiganjemo.
Mu kinyejana cya 18, Gatolika Anthony Natwitse kumugaragaro, nkuko yizeraga, inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki. Icyakora, ibyo ntibyarinze "VityAzu muri Tiger Schur" kugera uyu munsi. Akazi kahinduwe mu kirusiya na Kontantin balmont, Nikolay Zabolotsky, Panthevon Petrenko, Shalva Nuresubidze hamwe nandi mibare yubuvanganzo.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwumuntu watanze umusanzu udashidikanywaho mubitabo bitwikiriwe na Halo wo mu mayobera. Yoo, nta bikoresho bijyanye nuyu mwanditsi ufite impano. Ntabwo bizwi aho bavuka kwa syle yinziti, na we ntazwi na se na nyina uwo ari we. Abahanga mu by'amateka ntibashobora kuvuga mu gihe ibintu bizaza byakuze kandi kizuka. Bakuru na bashiki bacu ba Rustaveli - na bo bakomeje kuba amayobera, aho nta gisubizo. Kubwibyo, hari imigani idahwitse yerekeye ubuzima bwumwanditsi wa "VityAz muri Tiger shokure", kandi biragoye kubyumva nibyo muri byo.
Ibirwanya ntibigifite mu bwenge rusange ku nkomoko y'izina rya Rustaveli. Bamwe bazi neza ko umusizi yari kavukire muri ruswa Russtavi, nkuko Shota yanditse izina nta nyuguti "a" - yicwa. Ariko, iki gitekerezo ntigifasha gukusanya ibice bya Mosaic kumashusho imwe, kuko muri Jeworujiya yerekana imiterere hamwe nizina rimwe ryabayeho cyane. Byongeye kandi, ibi birashobora gusobanura ko umusizi yari umugongo, ufite igihome cyangwa umujyi munsi yizina rimwe.
Abandi bahanga bemeza ko Rustaveli ari izina ry'ababyeyi ba slate, bivugwa ko yayobowe n'umuryango ukize ndetse n'igihe gito nyir Rustaviya. Nk'uko ibitabo, umwanditsi yafashe izina rya Data nk'idini ryo guhanga. Ariko birakwiye kuvuga ko mu nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yabaye urwibutso rw'ibitabo, iminyago ivuga ko ari Meskhetian. Ariko ishoka yari mubyukuri kuriyi moko ya Jeworujiya, biragoye guca urubanza. Birashoboka, Rustaveli yatangaje ayo magambo, kuko kuvugana nuruziga rwa meschas izwi cyane bagize uruhare mu kugenda.
Umwaka uzaza wanditse ibisigo yakiriye uburezi bwiza mu gihugu cya demokarasi na Aristote - mu Bugereki. Shota yize imirimo yumwanditsi uzwi "Iliad" Homer, yamenyereye filozofiya ya platon, imiterere yuburyo bwa platon, imiterere, abanyamadini nicyarabu, hamwe na tewolojiya. Amaze kurangiza amahugurwa, Rustaveli yahuriye hamwe na TsasitSatsitsta, yitwaje izina ryaho ahambira ibihe bya zahabu byamateka ya Jeworujiya. Kuba Skit yahawe amafaranga ya leta, yerekana imibereho y'umwanditsi w'igisigo.
Ku ngoma ya Tamara, Jeworujiya yumvise igihugu gikomeye kandi gikomeye afite uburumbuke bidasanzwe. Guverinoma, ifite ibitekerezo n'ubwiza, ibitabo byashigijwe, ku nkombe z'impeshyi y'iteka, ibisigo bya Lyric byateye imbere ku muvuduko w'urumuri. Umugani uvuga ko Schota iherekeza Tamari mu ngendo zose, nta shingiro yarinzwe n'urukundo n'umudamu. Nukuvuga ko ibaba rya zahabu ryatanzwe numwamikazi, Rustaveli yambaraga kugeza ubuzima bwe kumutwe.
Ubuvanganzo
"VityAz muri Tiger shokure" (cyangwa "Barsova") nicyo gikorwa cyonyine w'inziga ya Rustaveli, wamanutse kugeza na n'ubu. Iyi nzibutso y'inzibutso z'ibitabo bya Jeworujiya yanditswe hagati ya 1189 na 1212. Ariko, mugihe, inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yahinduye ibintu byingenzi: Akazi kavanze kubera gutwarwa cyane n'abanditsi bakozwe nabanditsi bakorewe abigana no kwandikirana.
Ariko muri rusange uburyo bwemewe bufatwa nkigisigo cyacapishijwe n'Umwami Vakhtang VI (Tiflis, 1712). Birakwiye ko tumenya ko "VityAz muri Tiger shokure" yamenyekanye nk'ibicuruzwa byinshi, aho yakiriye imyifatire idagereranije n'itorero ryemewe ry'iki gihe.
Isego igisigo kivuga urukundo rwabantu nubucuti. Igisigo gishingiye ku nkuru y'Umutegetsi wa Rosevan, utabyaranye ikamba ry'umwami w'umukobwa Tinatin, na we bakundaga abayobozi b'intwari ba Avcil.
Ntibizwi ko umugambi w'Abasiwe wavumbuwe, ariko hari ibitekerezo byinshi kuri ibi. Iya mbere ivuga ko Rustaveli yajyanye prose y'Abaperesi nk'isoko y'ibanze kandi asubire mu buryo bw'imivugo (iki gikorwa nticyabibonye). Icyakora, hashobora gufatwa ko "VityAz muri Tiger shokure" yahimbwe na shota kwigenga - cakashi yigenga - asingiza umwamikazi wa Tamari.
Porofeseri A. Khakhanov yizeye ko Shota yibanze ku gihugu cy'igihugu cyahimbwe n'abatuye Jeworuya, nk'uko William Shakespe "na" Hands "na" FAOLT "na" FAOLT "na". Hamlet ").
Ariko inkomoko ya "VITEZ i Tiger Shura", iki gisigo gifatwa nkibikorwa by'agaciro kubitabo byose byisi. Rustaveli yabaye uwashinze Meter - Shairi, wahoze akoresha abavura ba Jeworujiya ahantu hose. Birakwiye kandi kubona ko Rustaveli yari umuhanga mugereranya ubuvanganzo, kugeza kuri uyu munsi ushimishije ibitekerezo byabasomyi. Nubwo hari imiterere yimvugo ngereranyo, yiganjemo imbaraga zubuhanzi nuburebure bwibitekerezo mubikorwa byayo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwinzitiro ya Rustaveli nabwo butwikiriwe n'amayobera, kuko abahanga bashobora gushingira kubitekerezo no kubitekereza. Hariho imigani yerekeye isano iri hagati yumusizi wa Jeworujiya numwamikazi Tamara. Dukurikije amakuru amwe, KaznoguRAN yashakanye na Nina runaka, ariko bidatinze ubukwe bwapfuye.
Abandi bavuga ko Rustaveli yananiwe kwihanganira urukundo rudasanzwe, yakunzwe cyane ku buzima bw'isi mu kagari k'ibidukikije. Shota Rustaveli yagendaga umusizi ufite impano n'umuhanzi: Mu 1185, yagize uruhare mu gusana ikigo cy'abanyamahago wambutse, wahuye n'ingabo za Sultan yo mu Misiri.
Ukurikije ibihuha, Rustaveli yashizwemo amarangi hamwe nintoki ze bwite. Birazwi ko kuri kimwe muri Frescoes Rustaveli yashushanyijeho kwishushanya - ishusho yonyine ushobora gucira urubanza uko umuriro wa Jeworujiya.
Urupfu
Nigute kandi nibyinshi, Rustaveli Shota yapfuye - inkuru iraceceka. Itariki itazwi kandi y'urupfu. Nk'uko umugani, Umwamikazi Tamara yategetse ko hagira intego yo guhindura umurimo wahawe n'umushyitsi w'amahanga. Rustaveli yashohoje amabwiriza yubutaka, ariko yanga guhemba amafaranga. Bidatinze nyuma yibi bintu, umubiri wacitse intege wumusizi wabonetse.
Yatekereje kandi ko, ahari, Shota yapfiriye i Yeruzalemu. Noneho mu mijyi itandukanye hari imihanda yahamagariye umusizi, no muri Tbilisi, theatre yitwa Seta Rustaveli.
Bibliografiya
- 1189-1212 - "VityAz muri Tiger shokure"