Mu 1864, ubwato bwa mbere bw'Uburusiya bwagaragaye. Kuva icyo gihe, kubaka no guteza imbere inzibacyuho mu Burusiya ntibihagaritse. Nubwo ubushakashatsi budahagarikwa n'amato yarohamye, mu gihugu kirenze ubwato bwa 70 mu mpamvu zitandukanye. Ubudage bwamazi bwu Burusiya, Ubudage, Amerika, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa n'Ubushinwa bihatanira. Igihugu cya nyuma cyinjiye kurutonde rwabayobozi muri 2019.
Ni ayahe mazi angahe mu Burusiya, kandi ibintu bishimishije - mu nyandiko zanditswe na 24Cmi.
Amashanyarazi ya Diesel
Mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, "ubwato" injangwe "yagaragaye. Yubatswe mu ibanga rikomeye. Ntabwo yari ubwato bwigenga, ariko mini-verisiyo yubunini buke. Amato ya Diesel arakenewe kubera uturere tuvanze kandi ruto, aho ubwato bunini bwa atome budashobora kugenda. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa submarine yubatswe: Kugwiza, hamwe na roketi yuzuye cyangwa bariyeri.
Kubutaka bwubutaka, ubwato bwa mazutu bufite moteri, no kwimuka munsi y'amazi - moteri y'amashanyarazi. Iki gitekerezo cyakuyeho ababanjirije - lisansi na kerosene. Mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, ubwato kuri moteri ya mazutu bwahembwaga kumurongo umaze ibirometero 1000. Ariko ubwikorezi nk'ubwo bwagize amakosa: Sisitemu 2 ya moteri. Moteri ya mazutu n'amashanyarazi byatumye umunyamakuru utwite. Ukeneye abakozi bakuru bakorera, kubwibi, imibereho yerekeye ubwato bwabaye mbi.
Muri 2018, i St. Petersburg, amazi mashya yamanuwe ku mazi hejuru y'amazi. Yubatswe ku mushinga 677 "KronsAdt".
Yamazaki
Ubwato bwonyine usibye Diesel na Moteri yamashanyarazi yongeyeho ishami rya Steam-Bubbin. Mu bihe by'agateganyo, ubwo yari ubwato bwayobowe na kode ya C-99. Kubaka byatangiye muri USSR mu 1951. Nyuma yimyaka 5, yinjiye mu mato y'Abasoviyeti.
Kugabanya kurwanya igihe kwimurwa munsi y'amazi, intwaro za artilleri yatangiye gushyirwaho ku ntangiriro. Izuru ryari rifite ibikoresho bya torpedo. Kubera ko mu Burusiya Ubu bwato buri muri kopi imwe, gebirikamo ubusa nicyo, ariko abashushanya bahaye inyungu. Submarine ireremba kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi mugihe kirekire muri swing yuzuye. Ibibi: Hamwe no kugenda byihuse ku cyato, biraba urusaku, kandi ibi bibangamira imikorere y'amafaranga ya hydroutoustic. Umuvuduko wa S-99 ugera ku ipfundo 20, ryagize ibyiza muri USSR.
Ubwato bwari hafi inshuro 100 mu nyanja. Mugihe utangiye igihingwa-cyububiko bwa turbine, igisasu cyabaye mu bwato. Ku rubanza hari igisipe cya cm 80, ariko cruiser igeze inyuma. Impamvu yari iturika rya hydrogène peroxide. Kugarura ubwato, inkunga yasabwaga. "Izuka" ryamenyekanye kandi kandi usebanya mu ntangiriro ku cyuma.
Atomic
Amazi ya kirimbuzi hafi 50 ni umwe mu ngabo z'Uburusiya. Zigabanyijemo ubwoko 3: hamwe na misile zangiza, roketi-torpedo amaboko n'imigambi idasanzwe. Mu 1949, igor Igor Kurchatov yasabye kubaka pome (subrmarine ya kirimbuzi). Nyuma yimyaka 3, fiziki A.p. Alexandrov yamwandikiye ibaruwa yabwiye igitekerezo cyo kurema. Mu 1958, ubwato bwa mbere bwa atomemic muri GSSR buramanuka kumazi.
Muri 2020, icyombo ntabwo kiri mu nzego, giteganya gutera inkunga kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu nzu ndangamurage. Yakuwe mu mato yo mu majyaruguru mu 1991, ariko ibindi bindi bikorwa biri kuri we "byari byiza" kubera kubura amafaranga. Abagize 83 bagize abakozi bahawe ibihembo mugihe cyo koga no gukora kuri K-3. Ubwato bwubatswe bwari bwihuse kuruta Umunyamerika Nautilus. Ku bizamini, umuvuduko w'ubwato bw'Abasoviyeti wageze ku ipfundo 28.
Uyu munsi wa submarine yubatswe mu Burusiya yabaye Novomoskovsk. Yatangijwe mu 1990, yubatswe ku mushinga wa Dolphine. Muri 2016, amafoto y'intoki kuri pirimiri mu karere ka Thmank yagaragaye. Nyuma yo gusanwa muri 2012, yasubijwe gukora indi myaka 10. Kubwato, amazina yubuyato, amazina yigihe gito atangira kugira ubwoba kubamurwanya: "SHAK", "NAVAGA".
Kurohama
4 Ubwa Submarines yarohamye muri USSR na 2 mu Burusiya. Iki nigihombo cyose mugihe cya APF kuva yavumburwa. Cruiser yambere yarohamye muri 1970 mu kigobe cya Biscay. Kubera umuzunguruko mugufi, abantu 52 barapfuye. Kuva mu mazi ya kijyambere mu 2000, kurko yagiye hepfo. Nta gihombo nk'iki cyari mu mateka y'ingabo, kuko abantu 118 bapfuye, nta muntu warokotse. Igisasu cyabaye mu cyumba, kandi ubwato bwagiye munsi y'amazi kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 108. Byabereye mu nyanja. Muri iyo myaka 3, indi suzimari yarohamye - K-159. Mu bwato hari abantu 104, 9 muri bo ntibagarutse.
Bitandukanye n'ibindi bihugu, Uburusiya bufite imibare idatengushye. Igihombo kimwe gusa cyatwaye igihombo nk'iki - Amerika, ariko ibyago bya nyuma byabaye mu 1968.
Ibintu bishimishije
1. Leonardo Da Vinci yayoboye amateka, nyuma yuko urupfu rwe rumaze kwagwa mu maboko y'abahanga. Ku mpapuro zanditswe 1502, wasanze igishushanyo cy'ubwato bwa subrine. Yari afite iherezo ryerekanye kandi rifite imitwe hamwe no kubyara. Muri kiriya gihe, abashakashatsi batumva ubwoko bwa "Mechanism".
2. Nimbitse ntibishoboka gufungura umwanya wo gusohoka kubera igitutu kinini.
3. Mu myaka 12 gusa muri Usssr, mu ntangiriro ya Atome zubatswe. Iki gihe kuva 1967 kugeza 1979.
4. Cruisers ya mbere yakoreshejwe nka polisi. Batwarwaga ninzandiko na parcelle.
5. Amazi yo mumazi akorana na moteri itandukanye cyangwa imwe. Ariko byose birakenewe kugirango urujya n'urugendo. Mu minsi yashize, inkomoko yayo yari umuntu washyizwe mubikorwa ubwato butarya gusa, ahubwo no munsi yacyo. Nyuma moteri yamashanyarazi yagaragaye.
6. Muri SSSR, ubwato bwasohotse mu nyanja amezi. Abakapiteni babwiwe uburyo ububiko bwibiryo byari bigarukira, kandi ubwoko bwonyine bwo kubatera inkunga muri iki kipe bwari bwo kureba amazi muri periscope.
7. Kugirango ubutumwa bwibanze bwimbitse, ibigega bifite amazi biri mububiko. Hatariho "ballast", bizaguma hejuru, kuko amategeko ya akipiki atazakora. Ukurikije amategeko, uburemere bwumubiri wibiza bugomba kungana nuburemere bwamazi yimuwe. Kuzamuka hejuru kuva "ballast" kugirango ukureho umwuka ufunzwe.