Pablo Neruda - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwihariye, urupfu, ibisigo

Ubuzima

Umusizi wa Chilien Pablo Neruda yaramenyekanye igihe yahinduye imyaka 13. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, umutware w'inkuta zo muri Amerika y'Epfo yanditse abashakashatsi, ibisigo bya politiki, Sonneti, igihembo kimwe na Tomabe Mann, William Falkner na Ernest Hemingwante. Ariko, igice kinini cya Neruda cyubuzima bwa Neruda ntibyeguriye ibitabo, ahubwo ntibyeguriye ibitabo, ahubwo ni politiki.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Pablo Neruda ni uw'izina ryimpande, ryabaye izina ryemewe ry'umusizi gusa muri 1920. Ababyeyi, umukozi wa gari ya moshi josé del Carmen Reyes na mwarimu wishuri Rosa Nefdali Basoalto Opazo, yategetse umwana Ricardo Elieser Nefdali Reyes Bateteto. Yavutse ku ya 12 Nyakanga 1904 mu mujyi wa Chilian.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mama Pablo yapfuye amezi 2 nyuma yo kubyara, icyateye urupfu ni igituntu. Ako kanya nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we, Morale yashakanye na Trinidad Kandia Malrede - umugore uwundi mu 1895 yamuhaye umuhungu wa Rodolfo de la Rosa. Isosiyete Pablo na Rodolfo ni Laura Herminia - Umukobwa utagendanwa wa Morale na Aurelia runaka ku gatsiko. Imiryango yakusanyije mu bice yabaga muri temo.

Ibisigo byambere bya Neruda byanditse mu 1914. Se yarwanyije cyane ibyo umuhungu we akunda. Ku bw'umuhungu, abinzi ba Poetess batsindiye mu bwatsindiro cyitiriwe Nobel mu bitabo 1945, kandi muri iyo minsi, umuyobozi w'ishuri Pablo yiga. Mu buryo bwinshi, mbikesha ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1917, urumuri rwabonye inyandiko ya mbere ya Neruda "ishyaka kandi yihangana".

Kurema

Kuva mu 1918, umusizi muto wa Chilian yacapishijwe mubinyamakuru byubuvanganzo munsi yizina rya reyes ya peteroli, kandi muri 1920 yabonye izina ryamamaye uyumunsi - Pablo Neruda. Abahanga mu by'amateka basobanura guhitamo izina ry'umusore ku nyungu z'umusore ku kazi k'umwanditsi wa Ceki Jan Neruda, n'icyifuzo cyo kuyobya ibyo bavutse - kutishimira.

Mu 1923, yarekuye icyegeranyo cya mbere cy '"inama y'izuba", nyuma y'umwaka, isi yabonye umurimo uzwi cyane wo mu musizi - "ibisigo makumyabiri by'urukundo n'indirimbo imwe yo kwiheba kwa eroticism.

Ku myaka 20, Pablo Neruda yabaye umusizi uzwi, ariko uko ubukungu bwe butifuzwa cyane. Icyegeranyo "Kugerageza Umuntu utagira iherezo" n'Umuroma "Ubuturo n'ibyiringiro bye" ntabwo byafashije Chileyan gusohoka kubera ibiranga ubukene. Kwiheba kw'amafaranga nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma igice cyingenzi cya neruda kijyanye na politiki, ntabwo ari uguhangana.

Igikorwa cya politiki

Mu 1927, Neruda yabaye konseye muri Birmaniya. Nyuma yo gusubira muri Chili, Neruda akora imyanya minini ya diplomasi muri Arijantine na Espanye, aho yabaye inshuti na Frederico Garcia Lorca. Mu 1940-1943, Neruda yabaye Ambasaderi mu mujyi wa Mexico. Inyandiko yamufashaga gutunganya indege y'umuhanzi wo muri Mexico José David Alfaro Sicairos, washinjwaga kugerageza impinduramatwara ya Leo Tronksky.

Mu myaka ya Kabiri y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Neruda hari intwari y'ingabo zitukura, "indirimbo nshya y'urukundo ya Stolialrad" (1943) yahariwe ibi. Muri rusange, umusizi, nkabo mu gihe benshi, yashimye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, cyane cyane Joseph.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Neruda yihishe muri Chili, agenda mu Burayi, yasuye Ubuhinde, Ubushinwa, Sri Lanka, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ku ngendo zavutse ari wegeranye "ibisigo bya Kapiteni" (1952), igisigo "ijoro ku kirwa", "kuroba".

Mu 1970, Neruda yatangaje ko umukandida wa perezidansi. Inyandiko ntiyakurura umusizi, kandi yatakaje umutima woroshye. Umutegetsi mushya yasabye uwahoze ari umutware w'uwatore mu Bufaransa, yafashe kugeza 1972. Iyi niyo nyandiko yanyuma ya diplomasi ya Neruda.

Mu 1971, Neruda yahawe igihembo cy'itiriwe ubwatsi ku bitabo "ku mivugo, ibyo bikaba byitwa ndengakamere byagaragaje ubugingo n'iherezo cy'umugabane wose." Guhitamo ntibyari byoroshye: Inteko yibutse uburyo umusizi yashyigikiye igitugu cya staliniste.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Mu 1928, ku kirwa cya Indoneziya, Java Pablo Neruda yahuye n'Umunyambo Marius Antonieth Chagenar Foelzang, nyuma y'amezi 2 abashakanye basezeranye. Mu 1934, bari bafite umukobwa wa Galiva Marinidad del Carmen Reyes. Umwana yarwaye hydroceplus. Neruda yanze kwiyita se w'umwana urwaye, maze mu 1936 abashakanye bahukanye. Marika yagerageje gushaka akazi ko kurera bihagije umwana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Malva yariyemeje mu muryango wa kure, aho yapfiriye mu 1942.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Pasia itaha Neruda, Arigentinka Delia del Carrill, yari akuze afite imyaka 20 yakundwaga. Abashakanye bashyingiwe mu ntangiriro ya 1940. Uwo mwashakanye yakurikiranye umusizi mu buhungiro.

Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1949, Neruda yababajwe na Phlebitis. Kumwitaho umuririmbyi wa Chilean Matilda uritia. Hagati yabo igitabo cyazamutse. Umukobwa yimukiye inyuma y'umusizi mu gihugu, yabaye ise mu kwandika "Kapiteni wa Stee." Ubuzima bwabo bwibanga bwateje imbere ko mu 1953 Carrill yatanze ubutane. Uritia yabaye umugore wa gatatu n'uwanyuma wa Niruda.

Urupfu

Muri Nzeri 1973, uburere bwa gisirikare bwabereye muri Chili, kubera iyo nyiugusto Pnochent yaje ku butegetsi. Muri icyo gihe, byamenyekanye ko Neruda yari arwaye: bamusanganye kanseri ya prostate. Ku ya 23 Nzeri 1973, umusizi yapfiriye mu bitaro i Santiago mu kunanirwa k'umutima. Ariko, hariho verisiyo ukurikije umusizi wa Chilean yishe abashyigikiye Pnochethe.

Muri Gicurasi 2011, ikinyamakuru cyo muri Mexicosoni cyasohoye ikiganiro n'uwahoze ari umushoferi wa Neruda Manuel Arayey, bivugwa ko yitabiriye ikiganiro cya terefone n'umugore we uritia. Umukomunisiti yavuze ko umuganga yamwishe ku mategeko ya Pinyochet kandi ko yari amaze gutera inshinge mu gifu. Neruda yapfuye nyuma yamasaha 6.5 nyuma yo guhamagara.

Muri 2013, imbumba z'umubiri wa Neruda yakozwe kugira ngo asobanure impamvu nyayo y'urupfu. Nk'uko Raporo yemewe ya Minisiteri y'imbere muri Minisiteri y'imbere muri Chili, yasohowe muri Werurwe 2015, umusizi "ashobora kuba yararozwe n'uburozi inkomoko itazwi."

Amagambo

• Ati: "Ndashaka kurema hamwe nawe ibyo bitera cheri yo mu gasozi mu ishyamba."
• "Noneho, birashobora kugaragara, kugeza imperuka. Ikiganza kimwe cyateye, ikindi kirambura isuku y'indabyo kugira ngo ntiha ikibi. "
• "Nabona he kugira ngo tutagota?".
• "Tuvugishije ukuri, umwanditsi w'umubumbe wacu, witwa isi, yifuza kubona igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel - n'uwabicecekeye, n'uwabihakana."

Bibliografiya

• 1922 - "Icyegeranyo cy'izuba"
• 1924 - "Ibisigo makumyabiri nkurukundo n'indirimbo imwe Kwiheba"
• 1926 - "Umuturage n'ibyiringiro bye"
• 1933, 1935 - "Ibikoresho - Isi"
• 1937 - "Espanye mu mutima"
• 1943 - "Indirimbo Nshya y'urukundo yo Gutangura"
• 1947 - "Gutumvira kwa gatatu"
• 1950 - "Indirimbo Yose"
• 1952 - "Ibisigo bya Kapiteni"
• 1959 - "Isabune ijana z'urukundo"
• 1960 - "Indirimbo Yintwari"
• 1962 - "Uhagarariye PlenIshyaka"
• 1972 - "Ibyiza Geografiya"
• 1973 - "Inyanja n'inzogera"