"White Klk", "kukonda moyo", "kuitana kwa makolo" - mayina a awa ndi ntchito zina za wolemba wodziwika amadziwika kuti amadziwika kuti amadziwika kuti amadziwika. Ndipo maudindo odabwitsa omwe amafotokozedwa m'mawu ake, maudindo ndi mabuku ndi omwe adasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza ku kanema, adasinthira mafilimu osangalatsa.
Januware 12, 2021 anali ndi zaka 145 kuyambira tsiku lomwe Jack London adabadwa, za chidwi cha mbiri yakale komanso moyo wamunthu womwe - mu nkhani ya 24cm.
1. Osafunidwa
Wolemba wotchuka sakanabadwa chifukwa kubadwa kwake kunayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni.Tate wa Bambo wa Woyambitsa mtsogolo, ataphunzira kuti chikondi chake chikuyembekezera mwana, sanakondwere. Munthu sanakonzekere kukhala ndi ana. Chifukwa chake adayamba kuphwanya mkazi kukhala mwana woyembekezera, kukakamizidwa kuchotsa mimbayo. Kusamvana kunapangitsa kuti pakati amayesa kuchepetsa zambiri ndi moyo, kuwombera yekha. Komabe, mwamwayi, zimawononga kuvulala pang'ono.
2. Zochitika
Njira yopita ku mabukuwo inali wolemba wa zowonjezereka ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Wobadwa kwa zaka zambiri zakupverera kwa zaka zambiri, adakhudzidwa koyamba ndi XIX Nyengo US, Jack London adakakamizidwa kuyamba kugwira ntchito molawirira.
Ali mwana, wolemba mtsogolo mwapeza ndalama modziyimira pabanja: M'mawa panali makina atsopano pamaso pa sukuluyo, ndipo m'madzulo adagwira ntchito yoyeretsa mbadwa ya mowa.
Pambuyo pake, London adasintha ntchito zambiri: wogwira ntchito ku Kegelba, wogwira ntchito pachipinda chaching'ono, malo okondwerera zovala, poker mu sitimayo - iyi si mndandanda wathunthu wa akatswiri Jack zidachitika.
Ndipo wolemba adakumana ndi wolemba zaka zazaka zambiri zaunyamata adawonekera pambuyo pake pamasamba ake. Ndipo anthu omwe mnyamatayo adawauza panthawiyo pa nthawiyo kulankhula, amakhala ngati ngwazi zantchito zake.
3. Pofunafuna oysters
M'masiku athunthu a Jack London, gawo linalo linapita nthawi pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa wachinyamata kuchokera ku choberekezera, pomwe wolemba wamtsogolo adakhazikika mu m'badwo wa 14, ndikuponya sukulu.Posafuna kuti chikhazikike pamapeto pake ku Flon Mwiniwake, "m'balo logwira ntchito", mnyamatayo adatenga virginia wa Virginia mpaka $ 300. Ndipo adapeza wophunzirayo womenyedwa kakang'ono, komwe adasodza mosaloledwa kwa oyisitara pagombe la Pacific ku California.
Kupitilira Woyamba, chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kosayerekezereka komanso kudzikuza, msanga kumalemekeza pakati pa "a oyisitara", ogulitsidwa m'malesitilanti a San Francisco.
Komabe, ntchito ya wosungira nsomba wocheperako kwa nthawi yayitali - mnyamatayo adalipira kuyendetsa usodzi, womwe unkachita nawo kuti achotse utoto wosaloledwa. Ndipo adafunanso kubwezeretsa magulu a gululo. Ndiye posachedwa wachichepere "wocheperako" adathamangitsidwa kale ndi omwe kale anali m'matabwa a anzawo omwe ali m'matambo ozungulira ndi lagunas.
4. Maola - kuwala!
Ndi mapangidwe a wolemba wotchuka, mlanduwo sunali wodekha. Okakamizidwa kugwira ntchito kuyambira ubwana ndi kusiyira sukulu muunyamata Jack London sanadandaule ndi izi. Kusankha kwa Kuyanjana ndi Zolemba, kuona kuti simudziwa bwanji. Komabe, kuti mupitirize kuphunzira ku sukulu yasekondale anakana, chifukwa kungophunzira kumene ku bungwe la wachinyamata sikunathe. Ndinaganiza zodzikongoletsera ndekha.
Wotsiriza ku London wazaka 18 anali - Jack adakonzedwa ndikudutsa mafoni kupita ku Yunivesite ya California. Zowona, adalephera kumaliza ku yunivesiteyo - adaphunzira semesters atatu, wophunzira waluso wasiya bungwe, chifukwa samatha kulipira makalasi ambiri.
5. Kutha
Jack London adakhala m'ndende mwezi umodzi. Wina anangoyesa kulembedwa kwa mnyamatayo anamangidwa chifukwa cha Vagabond, pamene iye, pamodzi ndi ntchito zina, anapita ku "kampeni yopita ku Washington". Dzinali lidalandira chiwonetsero cha zovuta zolimbana ndi kusowa kwa ntchito zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta za zachuma zomwe zikutuluka mu 1894.Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zolembedwa ndi London pamaziko a zochitika zimenezo, ulendo wokhala ndi vuto lomwe lili pamsewu wa America lidapangitsa kuti mnyamatayo amvetsetse kuti ntchito yakuthupi isagwire ntchito ndi ntchito yakuthupi. Kenako Jack London ndipo adadzisankhira yekha, kuti kusankha kwake ndi kofotokoza.
6. Kusangalatsa Stroke
London makamaka amadziwika kuti owerenga tikuthokoza nkhani zapamwamba. Koma pantchito ya wolemba panali ntchito ndi madera ena - kuphatikiza m'mitundu ya itopia ndi zopeka za sayansi, "mdani wa dziko lonse lapansi", Goliati. "
Osati wachilendo ndi wolemba komanso wobedwa m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, - buku lake la Alya "limabweretsa owerenga okwana mavuto omwe akukumana ndi zovuta .
7. okwera mtengo kwambiri
Mkulu wamoyo London adatcha azimayi awiri omwe adalandira gawo lotchuka m'tsogolo mwake. Ndipo sanali atsikana ake kapena amayi ake onse, momwe angaganizire. Ndi akazi awa, Virginia Pentis anakhala kumwalirsia, yemwe ndi kapolo wakale wa mayi Jack, kwa kanthawi yomwe ndidasinthiratu wolemba, poyamba pantchito ya cormalisata, kenako wophunzirayo. Flora wabwinobwino panthawiyo adakonza za moyo wamunthu.
Komabe, zikadapanda chifukwa choti mayi a wolemba apeze mnzake wabwino, wachiwiri wofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa Jack London sadzakumana. Kupatula apo, anali mlongo wake wachisanu wakale Eliza, m'modzi mwa ana aakazi awiri a Wolemba wa Wolemba, bambo wopeza wakale, yemwe adakhalabe mnzake woyenera, yemwe adakhalapo mnzake woyenera kwa wolemba.