"Mhlophe klyk", "Uthando loBomi", "ukubiza ookhokho" - amagama kunye neminye imisebenzi kunye neminye imisebenzi yombhali odumileyo kuyaziwa kwizigidi zabantu abasuka kwikhaya leenkedama. Kwaye i-adventures emangalisayo echazwe kumabali akhe, izihloko kunye neenoveli zadluliselwa kwiscreen semidlalo bhanyabhanya, iguqulwe yaba yiifilimu zobugcisa ezicutha.
NgoJanuwari 12, 2021 yayineminyaka eli-145 ubudala ukusukela ngala mhla uJack London wazalwa, malunga neenkcukacha ezinomdla zebhayiloji kunye nobomi be-24cm.
1. engafunekiyo
Umbhali odumileyo akazange alwe ngenxa yokuba ukuzalwa kwakhe kwakungaphambi kokuzalwa kwezentlonelo.Utata ongumbhali ongumbhali wexesha elizayo, wafunda ukuba ukuthanda kwakhe kulinde umntwana, akazange wonwabe. Indoda ayicwangcisi ukuba nabantwana. Kwaye ke ngoko waqala ukutyhoboza umfazi ukuba abe ngumntwana olindileyo, enyanzela isisu. Ingxabano ikhokelele kwinto yokuba ukhulelwe ukunciphisa amanqaku ngobomi, ukudubula ngokwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngethamsanqa, ixabisa ukwenzakala okuncinci.
2. Amava okunokwenzeka
Indlela eya kuncwadi yayinguMbhali weziganeko ezandisiweyo nezininzi zeziganeko. Ukuzalwa kwiminyaka yoxinzelelo ixesha elide, kuchukunyiswe kwikota yokugqibela ye-Xix, uJack London wanyanzeleka ukuba aqale ukusebenza kwangoko.
Njengomntwana, umbhali wexesha elizayo ebezifumana imali yokunceda usapho: kusasa kwabakho umshicileli omtsha phambi kwesikolo, kwaye kwiingokuhlwa zasebenza njengepaki yebhiya kwipaki yebhiya.
Emva koko, iLondon yatshintsha umsebenzi omninzi: Umsebenzi weKegelbana, umsebenzi kwisityalo esincinci, enoyolo kwigumbi lokuhlambela, i-pooker kwigumbi lokuhlambela kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lwemisebenzi leyo UJack wenzekile.
Kwaye umbhali onamava ngumbhali kwiminyaka yeminyaka yobudelelo apheleleyo abonakaliswa kamva kumaphepha eencwadi zakhe. Kwaye abantu ababenxibelelana naye ngelo xesha ukunxibelelana, bakhonza njengeefontitypes zamagorha emisebenzi yakhe.
3. Ukulandela i-oysters
Ngokuhamba ngokupheleleyo kukaJack London, isiqendu esahlukileyo sihamba eli xesha emva kokugxothwa komntwana okwishumi elivisayo kwisityalo se-canning, apho umbhali wexesha elizayo uzihlalela kwiminyaka eyi-14, ephosa isikolo.Ukungafuni ukuba ekugqibeleni baguqukele kwimbonakalo ye-london ngokwakhe, "kwiinkomo ezisebenzayo", umfana wathabatha i-Virginia eVirginia ukuya kwi-300. Kwaye wafumana isiphene esibiweyo esincinci, apho wayezibandakanya khona ekulobeni ngokungekho mthethweni kwiimbatyisi ezikunxweme lwePacific zeCalifornia.
Ixhoba umbulelo ongaphambili, enkosi kwinkalipho engathethekiyo kwaye ikhukhumale ngokunganyaniseki, yafumana intlonelo phakathi kwenye "i-oyster pirates", ithengiswa kwiindawo zokutyela zeSan Francisco.
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wekhondo lomsebenzi waselwandle, i-thiarider ye-Uninal Denayini yaqhubeka ixesha elide - lo mfo unikele ingqalelo kwi-patrol yokuloba, eyayibandakanyeke ekulweni nokuloba ngokungekho semthethweni. Kwaye bacebisa ukuba baphinde bagcwalise uluhlu lombutho. Kungekudala loo mdala "wepirate" wayesele egxothiwe ngabazingeli bezinye abantu ababekho ngaphambili kwii-bays ezijikelezileyo kunye ne-lagunas.
4. iiyure-ukukhanya!
Ngokusekwa kombhali odumileyo, ityala alizange libekho. Ukunyanzelwa ukuba basebenze ukususela ebuntwaneni kunye nesikolo sasekhohlo kwi-Leclecence Jack London ayizange ikhathazeke ngale nto. Kukwenze isigqibo sokunxibelelanisa ubomi ngokubhala, waziva ukungabi nalokwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubeka nokufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo saliwe, kuba isantya soqeqesho kwiziko lemifana alihambelanga. Ndagqiba kwelokuba ndizibenzele.
Le yokugqibela ukuya eLondon eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yayilungiselelwe kwaye yagqitha iimviwo zokungena kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia. Kuyinyani, wasilela ukugqiba iyunivesithi- wafunda iisemes ezintathu, umfundi onesiphiwo ushiye iziko, kuba wayengakwazi ukuhlawula iiklasi ezingaphezulu.
5. Incinci
UJack London wachitha inyanga entolongweni. Omnye umntu wazama nje imikhosi yakhe kwimikhosi eMiva yendoda leyo yabanjwa ukuze umntu afumaneke i-vagabond, xa yena, kunye nabanye abangasebenziyo, baya kwiPhulo laseWashington ". Eli gama lifumene i-Matshi yoqhanqalazo ngokuchasene nentswela-ngqesho ebangelwa yingxaki yezoqoqosho ephakama ngo-1894.Ukongeza kwisibini esineempawu ezibhalwe yiLondon ngesiseko sezo ziganeko, uhambo olunemikhono kwindlela yaseMelika ukuba ifumane umsebenzi osemzimbeni. Emva koko uJack London waza wagqiba kwelokuba akhethe ngokupheleleyo, ukuba ukhetho alukho noncwadi.
6. Ukuzonwabisa
ILondon ayiziwa ngokuba ngabafundi benkosi kumabali amnandi. Kodwa emsebenzini wombhali bekukho iMisebenzi kunye nezinye iindawo - kubandakanya nohlobo lwe-Utopia kunye nesayensi, "xa utshaba lwehlabathi", "uGoliyati."
Ingamlili yayingumbhali kunye ne-postpocalyptic, ke ithandwa kakhulu kwishumi leminyaka nje, - inoveli yakhe "uAlya" wazisa abafundi bentlekele, apho amaqela athile abasindileyo abambalwa basokola .
7. Eyona ibiza kakhulu
Eyona nto iphambili ebomini iLondon ibizwa ngokuba bangamabhinqa amabini abadlala indima ephambili kwikamva lakhe. Kwaye yayingeyiyo intombi yakhe okanye umama wakhe, nomama, ukuba ungacinga njani. Kula mabhinqa, iVirginia Pentiss yahluza iVirginia, ikhoboka langaphambili lack, okwethutyana nditshintshe ngokupheleleyo umbhali, kuqala kwindima yeCormalitsa, emva koko utitshala. I-Flora i-queldaltaye ngelo xesha yayizimisele ukulungiselela ubomi bomntu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayizange ibe ngumnqweno wamanina wombhali ukuba ufumane iqabane elifanelekileyo, umntu wesibini obalulekileyo ebomini uJack London ngekhe ahlangane. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yayingudade wabo othandekayo uEliza, enye yeentombi ezimbini zotata wombhali ovela kubudlelwane bangaphambili, owasala ngumhlobo osekunene kumbhali.