"I-Klyk emhlophe", "uthando lokuphila", "ubizo lwamadlozi" - amagama ale neminye imisebenzi yalowo odumile ayaziwa ngezigidi zabantu abasekhaya. Futhi ama-adventures amangalisayo achazwe ezindabeni zakhe, izihloko namanoveli adluliselwa kaningi esikrinini sama-movie, aphenduke abe amafilimu abuciko ajabulisayo.
NgoJanuwari 12, 2021 wawuneminyaka engu-145 kusukela osukwini lapho wazalwa khona uJack London, ngemininingwane yokufuna ukwazi nge-biography kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu.
1. ongafuneki
Umlobi odumile akakwazanga ukuzalwa ngoba ukuzalwa kwakhe kwandulelwa yimicimbi ebuhlungu.Ubaba wezemvelo weMlobi wesikhathi esizayo, esefunde ukuthi uthando lwakhe lulindele ingane, akazange ajabule. Indoda ayizange ihlele ukuba nezingane. Futhi ngenxa yalokho yaqala ukuchoboza owesifazane enganeni elinde, ephoqa ukukhipha isisu. Ukungqubuzana kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi abakhulelwe bazama ukunciphisa izikolo ngokuphila, bazidubule kuye. Kodwa-ke, ngenhlanhla, kubiza ukulimala okuncane.
2. Isipiliyoni esenzeka
Umgwaqo oya kulezi zincwadi wawungumbhali wezincwadi ezengeziwe nezinqwaba zezehlakalo. Uzalelwe eminyakeni yokudangala okude, wathinta ikota yokugcina yekhulu le-XIX, uJack London waphoqeleka ukuthi aqale ukusebenza kusenesikhathi.
Ngiseyingane, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo watholela imali ngokuzimela ukusiza umndeni: ekuseni kube nomshini omusha ophambi kwesikole, futhi kusihlwa wasebenza njengehlanzayo eBreasions epaki yendawo.
Kamuva, eLondon yashintsha umsebenzi omningi: isisebenzi seKegelbana, isisebenzi esikulesi sitshalo, esinyanayo egumbini lokuhlanza, i-poker egumbini lokubiyela kanye namatilosi esitsheni - lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lobuchwepheshe Kwenzeke uJack.
Futhi umbhali obonile umlobi eminyakeni edlule yobusha obugcwele kamuva wabonakala emaphepheni ezincwadi zakhe. Futhi abantu le nsizwa eyayikhulumisana naye ngaleso sikhathi ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana ngayo, bakhonza njengezibonelo zamaqhawe emisebenzi yakhe.
3. Ekuphokopheleni ama-oysters
Ekuhambeni okugcwele kweJack London, isiqephu esihlukile siya esikhathini ngemuva kokuxoshwa osemusha ovela esitshalweni se-canning, lapho umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wazinza eneminyaka eyi-14, ephonsa isikole.Akafuni ekugcineni baphenduke inkulumo yeLondon uqobo, "ezinkomeni ezisebenzayo", le nsizwa yathatha iVirginia yeVirginia yaya ku- $ 300. Futhi wathola i-Schoon eshaywe ebushelelezi, lapho ayebandakanyekile khona ngokudoba okungekho emthethweni kwama-oysters ogwini lwePacific laseCalifornia.
Phonyani umlongo wakuqala, ngenxa yesibindi nokuzikhukhumeza okungafani nalo, wathola ngokushesha inhlonipho phakathi kwabanye "ama-oyster pirates", abathengiswe endaweni yokudlela yaseSan Francisco.
Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi we-minider yasolwandle wahlala isikhathi eside - lo mfo wanaka ukudoba ukudoba, owayebandakanyekile ekulweni nokudotshwa komlando. Futhi bahlongoza ukuphinda babuyise izinhlu zenhlangano. Ngakho-ke maduze nje "i-pirate" encane ibivele yaxoshwa ngabalingani abasebenza nabo phambili abazingeli ezindaweni ezizungezile nama-lagunas.
4. Amahora - Khanyisa!
Ngokwakheka kombhali odumile, leli cala lalingenamandla. Uphoqelekile ukuthi usebenze kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi washiya isikole ebusheni uJack London akakaze akhathazeke ngalokhu. Ukunquma nje ukuhlanganisa impilo nokubhala, kwakuzwakala ukuntula ulwazi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqhubeke nokutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme wenqaba, ngoba ijubane lokuqeqeshwa esikhungweni sensizwa alivumelananga. Nginqume ukuzenzela.
Lokhu kugcina kungukuthi iLondon eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala - uJack walungisa futhi wadlula ezivivinyweni zokungena eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia. Kuliqiniso, wehlulekile ukuqeda inyuvesi - wafunda ama-semesters amathathu, umfundi onesiphiwo usushiye lesi sikhungo, ngoba akakwazanga ukukhokha amakilasi amaningi.
5. I-Arestant
UJack London uchithe inyanga ejele. Omunye usanda kuzama amabutho akhe ekubhaleni kwe-niva kule nsizwa kuboshwe i-vagabond, lapho yena, kanye nabanye abangasebenzi, baya ku "Umkhankaso WaseWashington". Leli gama lithole imashi yokubhikisha ngokumelene nokungasebenzi okubangelwa yinhlekelele yezomnotho evela ngonyaka we-1894.Ngaphezu kwama-Essar of Endayiya abhalwe yiLondon ngesisekelo saleyo micimbi, uhambo olunamakhono emigwaqweni yaseMelika kwaqonda ukuthi insizwa iqonde ukuthi umsebenzi wezomsebenzi ngeke usebenze nomsebenzi womzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho uJack London futhi wazinquma ngokuphelele, ukuze ukukhetha kwakhe izincwadi.
6. Ukuzijabulisa kwesifo sohlangothi
ILondon yaziwa ngokuyinhloko abafundi babonga izindaba ze-adventure. Kepha emsebenzini wombhali bekukhona imisebenzi nezinye izindawo - kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ze-Utopia nesayensi, ngokwesitha: "Isitha sezwe lonke", "uGoliyati."
Hhayi umsizi kwakungumbhali kanye ne-postpocalyptic, ethandwa kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, - inoveli yakhe "alya inhlupheko" yethula abafundi ngemuva kobhubhane lwesifo senhlekelele, lapho amaqembu asakazekile abasindile avuselelwa khona .
7. Kubiza kakhulu
Isisekelo sempilo eLondon ebizwa ngokuthi abesifazane ababili abadlale indima enkulu ekuphepheni kwakhe. Futhi babengeyona intombi yakhe eningi noma umama nhlobo, kanjani ukucabanga. Ngalaba besifazane, iVirginia Pentiss baba iVirginia, inceku yangaphambili kamama uJack, okwesikhashana ngangena esikhundleni sombhali kumlobi, okokuqala endimeni yeCormalitsa, bese kuba othisha. UFlora Wellman uqobo ngaleso sikhathi wabandakanyeka elungiselelweni lempilo yomuntu siqu.
Kodwa-ke, ukube bekungengenxa yesifiso somama wombhali ukuthola umuntu oshade naye, umuntu wesibili obaluleke kakhulu eLife Jack London akasoze ahlangana. Yize kunjalo, kwakungudadewabo osekhulile ehlobo u-Eliza, elinye lamadodakazi amabili kababa womlobi ovela ebudlelwaneni obudlule, owaqhubeka nomngane ofanele wombhali.