Chiphunzitso
Shotabalti - wolemba ndakatulo wachi Georgia ndi wotero. Nsembe ya Tamar Tamara inakhala wolemba dziko lokondwerera dziko la "Viveciz ku Tiger shkuve". Ntchitoyi idakhala chipilala chofalitsa mabuku, koma ndine ochepa kudziwa kuti ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi Rustalli adatsutsidwa ndi mpingo wopambana.
M'zaka za zana la 18, Katolika Anthony adatentha poyera mokhulupirika, chifukwa amakhulupirira. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse "sokosi mu tiger schur" kufikira lero. Ntchitoyi idamasuliridwa ku Russia pafupi ndi Konstantin Balminky, panthevon petrenko, shalva mtedza ndi manambala ena.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Moyo wa munthu amene wapereka zopereka zowoneka bwino pamabuku a chinsinsi. Kalanga ine, palibe zida za wolemba uyu. Sizikudziwika malo obadwira kwa Schit, nawonso sadziwikanso kuti abambo ndi amayi ake anali ndani. Olemba mbiri yakale sangathe kunena kuti mtsogolo mtsogolo adakulira ndikudzuka. Anali abale ndi alongo komanso alongo - nawonso sangakhale osamvetsetseka, omwe palibe yankho. Chifukwa chake, pali nthano zingapo zokhudza moyo wa wolemba "Viveviz ku Tiger shoner", ndipo nkovuta kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ndani waiwo wowona.
Biographers sanabwere konse ku chipembedzo chodziwika bwino cha chiyambi cha dzina la Rustalsi. Ena akutsimikiza kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo anali mbadwa za konkriti ya konkriti, chifukwa kuwombera kwa GRAAAVETE OSATI POPANDA "A" - kuphedwa. Komabe, lingaliroli silithandiza kutola zidutswa za chithunzi kukhala chithunzi chimodzi, chifukwa ku Georgia mainchesi ndi dzina lomwelo zidalipo kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo anali wocheperako, yemwe anali ndi linga kapena mzinda pansi pa dzina lomweli.
Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti RuatalI ndi dzina la kholo la Schot, lomwe linangonena kuti adatsogozedwa kuchokera ku banja lolemera komanso gawo limodzi - mwini wake wamatsenga amalalikira. Malinga ndi mabuku, wolemba adatchulanso dzina la abambo ngati pseudonymm. Koma ndikofunikira kunena kuti mu zolemba pamanja zomwe zidakhala chipilala cha mabuku, wolemba ndakatulo amadzinenera kuti ndi wa Mesphitian. Koma kuwombera kunali kwa gulu la fuko la Georgia, ndikovuta kuweruza. Mwinanso, Rustalti adapanga mawu ngati amenewa, chifukwa kulankhulana ndi zozungulira za meschas wotchuka yemwe anali ndi chizolowezi chokwera.
Wolemba zam'tsogolo la ndakatulo adalandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri kudziko la Democtis ndi Aristotle - ku Greece. Shopa adaphunzira ntchito za wolemba wodziwika "Iliad" Holomes, adadziwa za Plato, wowerengeka, mabuku a Persia ndi Aarabu, komanso zamulungu. Atamaliza maphunziro, Rustalwi unagwirizana ndi cwiniasu Tsaarita Tamara, dzina lake omwe amamangiriza agolide a mbiri yakale ya ku Georgia. Chowonadi chakuti Spat adapatsidwa ndalama za boma, akuwonetsa mtundu wa wolemba ndakatulo.
Mu ulamuliro wa Tamara, Georgia wamva dziko lalikulu komanso lamphamvu ndi chakudya chapadera. Boma, lomwe lili ndi malingaliro komanso kukongola, mabuku omwe amayenda, kotero m'mphepete mwa masika osatha, olemba ndakatulo a Lyc adakula mwachangu. Nthano ikunena kuti Schota amatsagana ndi Tamar pamaulendo onse, sanasangalale ndi donayo. Ndikunena kuti nthenga zagolide zomwe zaperekedwa ndi mfumukazi, Rustalsi adatha kumapeto kwa moyo wake pachipaso chake.
Malembo
"Viveciz mu tiger shkure" (kapena "bardova") ndiye ntchito yokhayo ya Rustamalic Schot, yemwe wafika mpaka lero. Mabuku ofunikira a mabuku ku Georgia adalembedwa pakati pa 1189 ndi 1212. Komabe, popita nthawi, pamanja a Rustalli ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu: ntchito yomwe imachoka m'manja kuti imachitidwa ndi otsatsa omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makalata.
Koma njira yovomerezeka nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa kuti ndakatulo yomwe idasindikizidwa ndi Mfumu Vakhtang VI (Tiflis, 1712). Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti "Vivezz ku Tiger shkure" adadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chochuluka, chomwe adalandira mkhalidwe wosagwirizana ndi mpingo wovomerezeka wa nthawi imeneyo.
Ndakatuloyi ikunena za chikondi cha anthu ndi ubwenzi. Ndakatuloyi yakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani ya wolamulira wa Rosevan, yemwe, wopanda kubereka ana, amatumizidwa ku korona wachifumu wa mwana wamkazi wa Itatin, yemwe, nawonso anali wokonda kwambiri atsogoleri a Vipandin.
Sikudziwika kuti chiwembu cha ndakatuloyi chinapangidwa, koma pali malingaliro angapo pa izi. Mayiko oyamba omwe Rustalti adatenga press ya Persian ngati gwero loyambirira ndikulembanso mawonekedwe a ndakatulo (ntchitoyi sanapeze). Komabe, tingaganize kuti "Viveviz ku Tiger shkure" adapangidwa ndi kuwombera pawokha - Caspierage adalemba ndakatulo, mfumukazi yotamanda Tamara.
Pulofesa A. Khakhanov ali ndi chidaliro kuti kuwombera ku National Epic: Ankabwereketsa ndakatulo yomwe anthu aku Georgia, monga a William Shatespeare ndi "Haft" ikhoza kutchulidwa kwa William ("Beast" ndi " Hamlet ").
Koma kaya ndi chiyambi cha chiyani cha "Viveviz ku Tiger Shkura", ndakatulo iyi imadziwika kuti ntchito yamtengo wapatali ya mabuku onse padziko lonse lapansi. RustalI idakhala yoyambitsa fanizo ndakatulo - Shairi, yemwe kenako adagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo za ku Georgia kulikonse. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti Ruadallo anali bwana wamafanizo, zomwe mpaka pano zimakondweretsa malingaliro a owerenga. Ngakhale panali zovuta zambiri zokhumudwitsa, imalamuliridwa ndi luso laukadaulo ndikuzama pantchito yake.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Rustalti Schot umakutidwanso ndi chinsinsi chophimba, chifukwa asayansi amangokhala pamalingaliro ndi oganiza. Pali nthano za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa wolemba ndakatulo wa Georgia ndi Mfumukazi Tamara. Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, Kaznogun anakwatirana ndi Nina, koma ukwati utatha.
Ena amati Rustalsi adalephera kuthana ndi chikondi chosatha, chomwechonso moyo wadziko lapansi umakonda kukhala pachipinda cha Mononry. Shotabamalida adayenda ndakatulo yaluso ndipo wojambulawu: Mu 1185, adatenga nawo gawo pakubwezeretsa mtanda wamtambo, yemwe adadwala ankhondo a ku Sultran.
Malinga ndi mphekesera, Rustali adatenga utoto ndi burashi ndi dzanja lake lopaka. Amadziwika kuti pa imodzi mwa fresckoes Rustalki adadzijambula nokha - chithunzi chokha chomwe mungaweruze mawonekedwe a wolemba ndakatulo wa Georgia.
Imfa
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafalikira? Nkhaniyo idakhalanso chete. Tsiku losadziwika komanso lofa. Malinga ndi nthano, Mfumukazi Tamara idalamula kuti mutuwu utanthauzire ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa ndi mlendo wakunja. Rustaldi anakwaniritsa malangizo a okwatirana, koma anakana ku ndalama zolipirira ndalama. Izi zitangochitika izi, bungwe lomwe lili ndi ndakatulo lomwe lalembedwa.
Amaganiziridwanso kuti, mwina, Rose adamwalira ku Yerusalemu. Tsopano m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayitanidwa polemekeza ndakatuloyo, ndipo ku Tbilisi, the Asewera adatchulapo squamali.
M'bali
- 1189. 2212 - "Viveviz ku Tiger Shkuve"