Biography
Ob hnub ua ntej hnub so ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam - 2020 nyeem tau ob txoj kev ntaus ob zaug, txaus siab nrog cov ntawv sau, thiab cov lus zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab zoo. "Qhov kev pabcuam rau cov neeg uas nyeem" hais tias thaum lub rooj nthuav qhia "Yuri Annenkov. Lub kiv puag ncig qab lub qhov rooj "Hauv Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov neeg sau paj huam ntawm Lavxias thiab sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Lydia Chukovskaya, yuav muab nthuav tawm.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Lub Peb Hlis 24 (Raws li cov qauv tshiab) ntawm xyoo pua 1907th hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Soviet Korni Chukovsky (lub npe tshiab - Nikolai Korchovsky (tus menyuam yaus thib ob tau tshwm sim, tus ntxhais ntawm Lydia. Peb xyoos dhau los, Mary tus poj niam hlub tau nthuav tawm tus tsim "Moydody", "ya-costohah" thawj tus tub, tus tub nicholas.
Txawm hais tias muaj me ntsis sib txawv hauv lub hnub nyoog, tus kwv tij thiab tus muam tau yug los hauv lub zos Petiv, thiab lawv cov menyuam yaus nyob hauv tebchaws Standa, txij li xyoo 1948 hloov dua tshiab. Tom qab ntawd, tsev neeg tau rov qab los ntawm ob tus tswv cuab ntau dua - Wobbo (Boris) thiab lub paj yeeb (Masha).
Txij thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm Lida loj hlob nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phooj ywg emernent ntawm cov niam txiv. Hauv lawv lub tsev, Fedor Sylalyapin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, thiab qhov no, nrog rau txoj kev xaiv ntawm lub neej tom ntej.
Muaj kev kawm txuj ci thiab cov tsev kawm theem nrab tau txais hauv lub sijhawm kawg tau muab rau hauv cov kab lus kawg ntawm Giia tam sim no, muaj piv txwv rau kev mus xyuas cov chav kawm sab hauv tam sim no.
Hmoov tsis zoo, ua kom tiav nws tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, tus tub ntxhais kawm raug ntes thiab xa "hauv hav zoov mus rau Saratov". Lub txim txhaum raug foob nrog kev tsim ib qho kev tawm tsam sov, uas nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua: tes rau nws tus hluas nkauj, yam tsis xav tau, siv tshuab luam ntawv. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev thov thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm leej txiv es tsis txhob siv peb lub xyoo, tus ntxhais nyob hauv kev siv 11 lub hlis.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub zos Chukovskaya tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv "digger", qhov uas nws tau ua raws li cov lus Askiv thiab cov tsiaj ntawv ceev. Nws nyob ntawm no txhawm rau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav tu siab thiab tsis kam koom ua ke nrog NKVD, pib ua kev tawm dag zog, pib ua kev tawm dag zog hauv kev sau cov paj huam thiab cov dab neeg.
Lub nroog, ceeb tias taug kev dhau ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov ntxhuav, tshwj xeeb thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, nws tsis hnov qab thiab tom qab xa mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Lub 1930 ntawm lub xyoo pua XX tau muab rau cov Eldest tus ntxhais Kornee Ivanovich, uas tau qhuas nws tus ntsuj plig dawb, tsis sib haum ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv nws lub neej. Xyoo 1929, tus ntxhais sib yuav Caesar Wolpe's thuam thiab kev thuam tus niam yau, tom qab nws hais tias nws yog tus uas tuag lawm los ntawm tus tuberculosis Cov.
Cov npoj yaig sib yuav yog luv luv-nyob: xyoo 1933, cov txij nkawm uas tsis muaj "tsis yog ib leeg kineship atom" sib nrauj. Tab sis txoj hmoo, lossis theej ua haujlwm, muab nws txoj kev hlub tseeb - nrog matvey bronstone Editone "tus menyuam yaus" uas lawv tau ua haujlwm rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Xamuyees Marshak.
"Ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv coj peb los ze zog. Qhov tseeb, nws yuav peb thiab sib yuav. Peb txoj kev sib yuav peb tsis zais ntawm ib tug neeg, tab sis rau qee lub sijhawm lawv tau yuam kom nyob deb. Kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm rau peb yog rau peb qee yam xws li kev ua tshoob kos. Tag nrho peb yog kev hlub: Mitya thiab kuv nyob hauv txhua lwm, Marshak hauv Bronstein, "Lydia sau.Txhua yam hloov pauv ntshav 1937th: Txawj ntseeg Theoretical physics raug ntes nyob rau lub Yim Hli thiab, thaum nws tau muab tawm yav tom ntej, txhaj rau lub hlis tom qab. Thawj tus txiv ntawm Chukovskaya nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv - xyoo 1941, yog ib tug txiv neej tuag thaum khiav tawm ntawm lub neej "txoj sia".
Cov txiv neej nyiam poj niam nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm: hais txog tus niam / txiv, Yuri Tynanov, Maxim Gorky, tau hais hauv lub "nco thaum yau. Kev nco ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Chukovsky ", txog tus txij nkawm thib ob - nyob rau hauv tib tus txiv neej" dashoard "thiab" Nyob rau qhov twg nws tau tsa cov ncauj lus txaus ntshai ntawm huab hwm coj ntawm huab hwm coj kev ntshai thiab "txhua tus".
Phau ntawv
Thaum nws rov qab los ntawm Link Chukovskaya coj nws txoj kev kawm thiab ua haujlwm tiav - nws tau kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lenas Marraig thiab nws "menyuam yaus". Lub siab ntsiag to nyob rau hauv lub tsev xov xwm tshaj tawm (nws tau mob siab rau txoj kev nco "hauv ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug ntes, lwm tus neeg muaj hmoo tau tswj kom tshem tau cov neeg raug rho tawm.Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog zoo nkauj, Lydia, ua ke nrog cov tub rog thiab nws tus ntxhais, tau hloov mus rau hauv Chistopol, thiab tom qab ntawd nws rov qab coj cov haujlwm kho haujlwm hauv "New World ", ntxiv rau nws thiab qhia txog cov chav kawm zoo tshaj plaws.
Thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm tus cwj mem ("Leningrad - Odessa", "Dab Neeg"), ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj tawm "), ib tus kws tshaj lij xov xwm luam tawm hauv qab cov txiv neej lub pseudonym Alepon. Ua raws li lawv, tus nphau nphomly rov ua tiav "keeb kwm ntawm ib qho kev ntxhov siab", "N. N. Miklukho-Maclay, "The purled thiab duma" ntawm herenis zhitkov, thiab lwm yam.
Lub tsev loj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog daim ntawv sau ntawm Anne Akhmatova ", uas nws tau txhawb nqa cov nyom alexhenitsyn thiab boris Pasternak, ib tsab ntawv qhib rau Mikhail Shotolokhov thiab cov txheej txheem "tshwj xeeb. Essay ntawm kev paub txog kev coj ua. " Nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm kawg, xyoo 1974 tau piav qhia meej txog cov kws sau ntawv "ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv xa tawm thiab tom qab ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, txhaj tshuaj rau xyoo 1987.
Tsis yog tsuas yog tus tsim ntawm "Gentipelago ntawm Gulag" thiab "Dr. Zhivago" sim tiv thaiv tus kws sau paj lug ntawm cov menyuam yaus nyiam sov tag. Tus poj niam koom nrog Yauxej Bodsky, Alexander Ginzburg, Andrei Sinyavsky, Julia Daniel, WEBILEV GOOILEV.
Kev tuag
Txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej ntev (lub npe nrov ua ntej 90 xyoo) Lorderary Boug, uas tsis yog 7 (raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, muaj txoj kev tuag los ntawm qhov laj thawj), tsis tau mus nws poetic thiab prosaic txoj kev.
Ua tsaug rau nws "kev tuag", ib tug kws nyeem ntawv sau nyob rau hauv 2019, cov nyeem tau ntsib lub hnub kawg ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab tus kws sau ntawv Frido Vigorova.
Bibliography
- Xyoo 1931 - "Dab Neeg ntawm Taras Shevchenko"
- Xyoo 1940 - "Keeb kwm ntawm ib qho kev tawm tsam"
- Xyoo 1948 - "N. N. Mikhlukho-Maclay "
- 1955 - "Boris Zhitkov"
- 1960 - "hauv chav kuaj ntawm tus editor"
- Xyoo 1965 - Sophia Petrovna ("emoussted lub tsev")
- Xyoo 1966 - "Purled thiab Duma" nws "
- Xyoo 1970 - "paj huam ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav: preface // poems (s. A. Radovich)"
- Xyoo 1972 - "tsis muaj dej nyob hauv dej"
- Xyoo 1976 - "Qhib Lo Lus"
- 1980 - "sau tseg rau Anna Akhmatova"
- Xyoo 1989 - "nco txog menyuam yaus. Kev nco ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm chukovsky "
- 1990 - "Tshwj Xeeb Txheej Txheem"
- 2011 - "L. Panteleev - L. Chukovskaya. Kev Sau Ntawv (1929-1987) "
- 2019 - "Muaj nuj nqi"