Tari
Nikololay copericicus wani fitaccen masifan mashin dinka na Yenayissance, ilmin lissafi, mai ilimin tauhidi, Medicam. Masanin kimiyya ya musanta ka'idar, bisa ga tsoffin Helenawa, a cewar taurari kuma rana tana juyawa a duniya, ta hanyar rana ta umarnin duniya.
Nikolay Copernicus shi ne yaro na huɗu a cikin gidan Barbara Watzenrod da Nikolai, dan kasuwa daga Krakow. Kafin iyakar lokaci, ana yawan canza iyakokin akai-akai, don haka tambayar da aka haifi masanin kimiyya a wace ƙasa, sau da yawa yakan faru ne. Hakan ya faru a cikin garin tsage a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1473. A yau garin ana kiran Thorun kuma yana kan yankin Poland na zamani.
Nicholas suna da manyan 'yan'uwa mata biyu, daga baya ya yi aure, suka bar garin. Anane ɗan'uwan Angety ya zama aminan abokin tarayya da abokin Nicholas. Tare sun yi tafiya kasan Turai, suna karatu a cikin manyan jami'o'i.
Masu ba da gudummawa sun rayu cikin wadata da wadata muddin mahaifin Jehobah yake da rai. Lokacin da Nicholas ya juya shekara tara, annobar annoba ta barke a Turai, dubun dubatan rayuka. Ya zama wanda aka azabtar da mummunan ciwo da kuma mashahuri na Copernicus, kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru, a cikin shekaru 1489, mahaifiyar ta mutu. An bar iyali ba tare da rayuwa, da yara sun kasance marayu. Duk abin da zai iya ƙare da abin da kuka gaza, idan ba dan angon, Barbara ɗan'uwan, Lukas Vatzenrod, da canonik na diocese na gida.
Kasancewa da ilimi a lokacin mutumin, Luka yana da matakin Jagora na Jami'ar Krakow Jagiellonian da Likita na Canonical na Jami'ar Krakow na Jami'ar Bologna, daga baya ya riƙe matsayin bishop. Luka ya karɓi kula da 'ya'yan' yar'uwar da ta mutu kuma ta ba da ilimi ga Nikolai da Anghe.
Bayan kammala karatun daga Nicholas na Makarantar Kananan a cikin 1491, 'yan'uwa da ke kariya da kuma kudin kawuna suka tafi Krakow, inda suka karɓi horo a Jami'ar Yagellona a cikin fasahar Art. Wannan taron ya fara sabon sabon matakin tarihin tarihin Copericicus, na farko a kan hanyar zuwa nan gaba babban binciken a Kimiyya da falsafa.
Kimiyya
A karshen Jami'ar Krakow a cikin 1496, 'yan'uwan Coperiki sun fara tafiya zuwa Italiya. Kudaden da aka shirya tafiya daga kawu, Bishop na Emerch, duk da haka, babu kuɗi kyauta. Luka ya ba da 'yan uwanta na zama canonons na dicesese kuma su tafi koyon kasawa saboda sakamakon albashi. A cikin 1487, Angleya da Nikolai sun zama ba halartar matsayin Canonikav tare da bayar da tausayi da tanadin shekaru uku na hutu don horo.
'Yan'uwan sun shiga Jami'ar Bologna a cikin ikon dokar, inda aka yi nazarin Ikilisiyar Curchical Dakika. A Bologna, makomar makomar Nikolay tare da malami na ilmin taurari, Domenico Maria Novara, kuma wannan taron ya yanke hukunci ga matasa copericus.
Tare da Novara a cikin 1497, masanin masanin masanin ya gudanar da ilmin sararin samaniya na farko a cikin rayuwa. Sakamakon shi ne ƙarshen magana game da nisan da yake ga wata a murabba'in, a ƙarƙashin sabon wata da cikakken wata. Wannan lura a karo na farko da aka tilasta wa Copernicus don shakkar gaskiyar gaskiyar ka'idar Ptolemy, bisa dukkan jikin sama ya juya a duniya.
Baya ga aikin studio na aiki a hannun dama, lissafi da motsa jiki na ilmin taurari a Bologna Nikolay ya yi nazarin yaren Helenanci, ya ji zane. Hoton ya kai wannan ranar, wanda aka dauke shi shine kwafin kayan copericus na atomatik.
Bayan yin nazari a Bologna tsawon shekaru uku, 'yan'uwa sun bar jami'a kuma dan lokaci kadan suka koma ga asalinsu a Poland. A cikin birnin Frauenburg, a wurin sabis, masu kudi sun nemi izinin karewa da 'yan shekaru kan ci gaba da koyo. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a wannan lokacin, Nikolai ya rayu a Rome da karanta laccomi kan Darajar da aka yi wa koyi, kuma Paparoma Alexander VI Borgola ya taimaka wajen kirkiro dokokin duniya.
A cikin 1502, 'yan cancantar sun isa PARU. A Jami'ar Paduan, Nikolay Samu asalin ilimi da kuma ƙwarewar aiki a magani, kuma a cikin Ferrara ya karɓi digiri na Dr. Bogolovia ta karbi matakin Dr. Bologovia. A sakamakon irin waɗannan manyan-sikelin koyo a cikin 1506, Copericus ya dawo da gida sosai a hankali.
A lokacin dawowa zuwa Poland, Nikolai ya riga ya shekara 33, kuma ɗan'uwan mutum 42. A lokacin, wannan zamani an yi la'akari da cewa an yarda da wannan zamanin don karɓar diplasplasples da kammala ilimi.
Ana haɗa ƙarin ayyukan copernicus tare da matsayinsa canonika. Wani masanin masanin masanin kimiyyar ya yi nasarar yin aikin malamai, lokaci guda tsunduma cikin binciken kimiyya. Ya yi sa'a cewa an gama ayyukan kawai a ƙarshen rayuwa, kuma littattafan da aka buga bayan mutuwa.
Copericis da farin ciki sun tsere daga tsananta wa Ikklisiya don Ra'ayoyin Hadita da koyarwar tsarin Heli-da ƙarfi, waɗanda ba su iya ga ga ga ga ga ga ga masu maye da kuma Galileo Galileo. Bayan mutuwar copericus, babban ra'ayoyin masanin kimiyya, wanda aka nuna a cikin aikin "a kan juyawa na samaniya da sama", ba a basu damar a Turai da duniya. Sai kawai a cikin 1616, wannan ka'idar ta bayyana ta heresy kuma an hana shi da cocin Katolika.
Tsarin Heliorcentric
Nikolaipipus Oficicus daya daga cikin farko ya kalubalanci a kan ajizancin Ptelemoy tsarin sararin samaniya, bisa ga abin da rana da sauran duniyoyi suka juya a duniya. Ta amfani da kayan aikin yau da kullun, bangare na gida, masanin masanin ya sami nasarar fitarwa kuma ya tabbatar da ka'idar tsarin hasken rana.
A lokaci guda, copericus, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya yi imani da cewa tauraronsa na nesa da haske, bayyane daga ƙasa, an gyara shi akan fannoni na musamman duniyarmu. Wannan kuskuren da aka samu ne ta hanyar ajizancin kayan fasaha na wannan lokacin, saboda a cikin Turai Renaissance bai wanzu ba har ma da mafi sauƙin Telescope. Wasu cikakkun bayanai game da ka'idar Copericus, wanda ra'ayoyin kwayoyin halittar kan kwayoyin halittar Girka sun mamaye, an cire shi kuma ya inganta ta Johan Kader.
Babban aikin rayuwar masanin kimiyya ya zama 'ya'yan itacen aikin da shekara talatin kuma an buga shi a cikin 1543 tare da ɗalibin da ya fi so na copericus, mai juyawa. Asteromer kansa yana da farin ciki ya riƙe littafin a hannunsa a kan Haikalin mutuwa.
Abun aiki da aka sadaukar da Paul III ya kasu kashi shida. A bangaren farko, aka fada game da girman duniya da kuma sararin samaniya, na biyu yadiya yana ba da labari na ilimin taurari da mulkoki a kan baka na sama. Na uku na littafin an sadaukar da shi ga dabi'ar Dubu, na huɗu - The Moon, na biyar - dukkan taurari, na shida - dalilan canza latti.
Koyarwar Copersicus babban gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin taurari da ilimin sararin samaniya.
Rayuwar sirri
Daga 1506 zuwa 1512, a lokacin rayuwar kawuna, Nikolai ta bauta wa Kanonik a cikin ambaton, sa'an nan ya zama mai ba da shawara ga bishop, da kuma bayan - shugabar ta zama diocese. Bayan mutuwar bishop, Luka Nikolai ya koma Franburg kuma ya zama canonik na babban cocin gida, da ɗan'uwan, mara lafiya na kuturta, ya bar ƙasar.
A cikin 1516, Comperiicus yana karbar matsayin shugabar ta shugabar Miliyan kuma shekara huɗu tana motsawa zuwa birnin Olztyn. A nan, masanin masanin ya sami yakin, wanda Prussia ya jagoranci tare da Knights na Terveric oda. Malaman sun nuna kansa abin mamaki da fadin da suka dace da shi, shuka don tabbatar da kariya da kariya daga sansanin soja, wanda ya rayu a karkashin ka'idodin tutons.
A cikin 1521, Comsichius ya koma daga daga daga. Ya kuma ji mai warkarwa mai fasaha. A cewar wasu rahotanni, Nikolai Copericus ta kawar da cututtukan kuma a sauƙaƙe makomar marasa lafiya da yawa, a mafi yawan jama'a canonikov.
A cikin 1528, a gangara shekaru, masanin taurari ya faɗi cikin ƙauna a karon farko. Babban masanin masanin kimiyar ita ce yarinyar yarinyar Anna, 'yar aboki mai ɗorewa, wata hanyar mota don karfe matz shizin. Wetaka ya faru a cikin garin na masanin kimiyya, Toruni. Tunda an hana firistocin Katolika na Katolika kuma suna da haɗin tare da mata, Copernicus sun zauna a cikin kansa a matsayin mai gida.
Koyaya, nan da nan yarinyar ta fita daga gidajen masanin kimiyya, sannan kuma suka bar garin kwata-kwata, saboda a fili bishop ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda shine yanayin cocin ba maraba.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1542, littafin Copericus "a kan bangarorin da sasanninta na triangles na triangles da spheroal" aka buga a Wittenberg. Babban aikin da aka buga a Nureberg a shekara ta gaba. Masanin kimiyya ya mutu lokacin da daliban da abokai suka kawo kwafin da aka buga na farko na littafin "a kan juyawa na samaniya spheres". Babban masifa da lissafi ya mutu a gida, a cikin daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga kusa da shi a cikin 24 Mayu 1543.
Manyan shahararrun shahararrun kayan copericus sun hadu da yabo da nasarorin masana kimiyya. Godiya ga hoton tauraron dan adam, kowane dan makaranta ne, a birane daban-daban da kasashe daban-daban, da Jami'ar Nikolai a Poland a Poland a Poland a Poland.
Bude copericus
- Halittar da kuma tushen ka'idar tsarin Hitocationric na duniya, wanda ya fara farkon juyin juya halin kimiyya na farko;
- Ci gaban sabon tsarin tsabar kudi a Poland;
- Gina injin hydraulic wanda aka sanye shi da ruwa duk gidaje a cikin birni;
- Co-Mawallafin Dokar Siffar Ju'am
- Lissafin ainihin motsin taurari.