Antonio Vivaldi - tarihin rayuwa, hoto, rayuwar sirri, yana aiki

Tari

Antonio Luciano Vivaldi - Italiyanci mai rikitarwa, mai jagoranci, malami, 90 Operas ga kayan kwalliya na solo.

Antonio an haife shi ne a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1678 a cikin Venice a cikin dangin Tsier da kuma kiovanni battisdi vivalidi da matarsa ​​Camilla. Giovanni yana zuwa daga Brescia, kuma a shekara 10 da haihuwa sun zauna a Venice tare da mahaifiyarsa. A wancan zamani, Torilly, Stregli, Curl, da abokan ciniki, kuma suna nishadantar da su da waƙar.

Vivaldi-babban hade da ciwon hakki tare da wasa a kan violin. Giovanni ya zama mai ba da labari a cikin jirgin ruwa na St. Markus, kuma sunansa yana cikin jerin waɗanda ke kafafun al'ummomin kiɗa har ma a shafin take na Opera a cikin 1689.

Daraktan da aka ambata a cikin jama'a shi ne mawuyaci kuma marubucin wasan opera Giovanni Barcelona. Dangane da waɗannan gaskiyar, rayuwar VialDi na Vivaldi ta ƙare da cewa mawuyacin bayarwa ne da matakan farko a filin kiɗa, a kan kwarewar sa, cikakken ji da fasaha na wasan. Hakanan akwai sigar da ke matasa antonio ya yi karatu a Giovanni Libnitzi.

Yanayin haihuwa na Vivaldi Jr. An ba shi izinin gano ainihin ranar bayyanarsa da haske. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa an haifi ɗan nan gaba ɗaya, a wata na bakwai. Makiya waɗanda suka ɗauki haihuwar, ta shawarci nan da nan ba baftisma da yaron da kwatsam mutuwa. Bayan 'yan awanni bayan haihuwar jaririn ya riga ya yi rawa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da rikodin a littafin Ikklisiya.

A cewar almara, girgizar ta faru a wannan ranar a cikin ɗakin hula, kuma an haife yaron kafin lokacin karewa. Camilli ya dauka ya ba alƙawarin ba da ɗan to malamai, idan ya ji. Abin mamaki, Antonio sun tsira, duk da cewa an rarrabe shi da rauni da rashin lafiya da tsarin subtitle.

Saboda asma, yaron yana da wahalar motsawa, an kuma haramta kayan aikin tagulla. Amma fi so na VIolin ya fi so daga jariri ya zama cikakke na gaba ga Maestro, kuma tun daga shekaru 10 da haihuwa Antonio ya maye gurbin mahaifinsa, wasa a cikin sarautar St. Mark.

Tun daga shekara 13, Vivaldi Jr. Yi aikin "mai tsaron gida" tare da babban coci, yana buɗe ƙofar Haikalin. Bayan 'yan karin gabatarwar matasa na Cocin da ke cikin manyan mukamai ya faru. Babban taro Antonio ya yi aiki sau ɗaya kawai, ya yi annashuwa saboda raunin lafiya, saurayin ya sami damar ba da kansa ga kiɗa.

A waɗancan kwanakin, firistoci masu gani sun haɗa kide kide da kide kide, kiɗan ruhaniya tare da bauta wa Allah. An ɗauke shi azaman na halitta kamar kasancewar kayan kida a cikin kowane tsayi. A cikin karni na XVII, Jamhuriyar Venice ita ce mafi yada kasashen duniya da al'adu, da kide kide na 'yan wasan Opera.

Kiɗa

A cikin shekaru 25, vivaldi ya fara koyar da fasahar wasan bidiyo a cikin Helpean Conservator Ospedale Della Piewà. Conservatory sannan ya kira makarantu-makaranta yayin bukatun gidaje, inda marayu da yara aka horar da su, iyayensu ba su iya samar da su ba. Wadannan makarantun daga Jamhuriyar an ba da gudummawa.

Nighters don girlsan mata sun kware a cikin ilimin jin kai, kulawa ta musamman da aka biya waƙoƙin waƙa, kide-kide, da ke kashe da waƙoƙin ruhaniya, Zabura da ƙarba. Yara daga abin da suka shirya 'yan kasuwa da masu sana'a, sun koyar da kimanin kimiyyar.

Antonio Vivaldi ya zama maigidan violin saboda kanananan ɗalibin matasa na samari, sannan malamin Alta. Ayyukansa sun hada da rubuta rubutu na wata-wata na kide kide, Cantat, Vocal tana aiki ga masu son soho da mabiya, da kuma samar da sabbin kayan kwalliya da kide kima. Bugu da kari, malami da kanka yi da kiɗan marayu, wasan akan kayan aiki da murfi, da kuma girmama kwarewar 'yan matan.

Vivaldi ya yi aiki a Piatà daga 1703 zuwa 1703 zuwa 1740, ba kirga karya shekaru takwas daga 1715 zuwa 1723, kuma daga 1713 ya zama darakcin conservatory ba. Duk waɗannan shekarun, mawaki sun yi aiki toblesly, kawai don mafaka, wanda ya haɗa da Cantata, wasan kwaikwayo na Cloom.

A cikin 1705 da 1709, masu buhu Vivus Vivaldi biyu da 12 Sonatas, a cikin 1711 - 12 wakar suna da kira "Harmonic wahayi". A cikin wannan shekaru, matasa da gwanintar da aka fara ji a waje da Italiya. A cikin 1706, Vivaldi yayi a ofishin jakadancin Faransa, kuma bayan shekaru uku yana sauraron dan Danish Sarki Frederick na IV, wanda ya sa rubakon Sonat 12.

A cikin 1712, mawaƙin ya sadu da magabarta na Jamusawa, kuma shekaru biyar bayan haka daga baya shekaru biyar, Vivaldi ya koma Mantedi a cikin gayyatar yarima na shekara uku.

Tun daga 1713, mambobin suka zama da sha'awar sabon fasahar kiɗa don kansa - wasan kwaikwayon na mutane. Wasan da aka rubuta na farko ga Opera ya zama "Otton a kan Villa". An lura da saurayi mai fasaha ta hanyar tabbatar da matatun mai fasaha, kuma nan da nan onioo ya karbi mai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na San Angelo zuwa wani sabon opera.

A cewar mawaki, a cikin zamani daga 171 zuwa 1737 zuwa 1737 zuwa 174 zuwa Operas 94, amma takwarorinsu na yau da kullun tare da marubutan Babban Vivaldi. Marubucin na wasan kwaikwayon ya jira don nasarar nasarar da aka yi, amma daukakar da mutane jama'a ta kasance takaice. Maimaitawar jama'a a cikin kiɗan jama'a ba da daɗewa ba sababbin gumaka, kuma wasan wasan kwaikwayon Antonio ya fito daga fashion.

A cikin 1721, Mainine ya ziyarci Milan, inda ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo "silvia", kuma shekara ta gaba sai ya dawo tare da magana a kan taken littafi mai tsarki. Daga 1722 zuwa 1725, Vivaldi ya rayu a Rome, inda ya rubuta sabon Operas kuma ya yi kafin mahaifin a wani gayyata na mutum. Ga masanin mawaƙa, wannan taron babban daraja ne.

A cikin 1723-1724, vivaldi ya rubuta sanannun kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide wake wake Kowane daga cikin kide kide da kide kide ne, hunturu, tashi da damina. A cewar mafi yawan masu sukar da masu bincike, wadannan kide kide suna saman kerawa na Maestro.

Juyin Juya Halin da ke haifar da ayyukan da ke haifar da shi shine kunnen ɗan adam yana tsaftace hanyoyin aiwatar da matakai da abubuwan da ke cikin kiɗa, halayyar ɗaya ko wani kakar ɗaya. Don haka, a cikin waƙar violin, zaku iya jin hayaniyar da guguwar da karnuka, muryoyin yara, har zuwa tsuntsayen da aka sani har ma sun sauke skater a kan kankara.

Yawon shakatawa da masu yawo da yawon shakatawa ya jagoranci Maestro don ganin tare da Sarkin Austria Carl VI. Sarki wani babban mai son halittar Walivdi ne, dangantakar abokantaka ta fara tsakanin su. Abin mamaki, kamar yadda shahararren mawuyacin hali yana rage yawan shahara a cikin Merland, a cikin Venice ya girma a Turai, tare da tsakaitaccen sarakunan Faransa da na Austrian.

A karkashin ƙarshen rayuwa, sa'a ta bar m mawaki, kuma an tilasta shi sayar da Sonatas don dinari, kawai ba za a yi magana da talauci ba. Rashin jin dadinsu a cikin masu hasashen dabbobi da suka yi yaƙi da halittunsa, Antonio Vivaldi ya yanke shawarar matsa zuwa Vienna, "a karkashin Ward" ga mai sha'awar aikinta na baiwa, Karl VI.

Abin takaici, ba da daɗewa ba bayan motsa mai mawaki a cikin vienna, sarki ya mutu, sa'an nan sun manta game da Maestro.

Rayuwar sirri

A matsayin malamai, Antonio Vivaldi ya ba da zababbu, wanda ke mutunta shi a rayuwarsa. Ko ta yaya, da unselan kasuwa sun sami damar ganin keta ha'inci a kusancinsa tare da daya daga cikin ɗaliban Piatà, Anna Zhiro da 'yar uwarta.

Vivaldi malami ne kuma mai jagoranci Anna, wanda, bisa ga ambaton mutanen zamanin da ba su da karfi da kuma kuri'un kada su karye. Ga wannan yarinyar, mai mango ya rubuta mafi kyawun wasan opera, wanda aka shirya Aria da ɓata lokaci tare a cikin ƙasarsu da kuma a hanya.

'Yar'uwar Anna, Paolina, Maestro ta makiyayi da jinsi, da taimaka wajen jiyya da cututtukan daji da rauni na jiki. Babban malamai na dogon lokaci sun kalli yatsunsu zuwa ga sha'awoyi na Maestro tare da kiɗan mutum da kuma aiki, amma gafarta masa zama na dindindin kusa da ƙananan 'yan mata biyu ba zai iya ba.

A cikin 1738, Cardinal-Akbishop Ferrara, inda ya kamata parvival na gaba ya faru tare da ayyukan da ba shi canzawa, ba a bar masaniyar taro saboda laifin mawuyacin hali.

Mutuwa

M mawaki ya mutu cikin talauci da kadaici a wani kasashen waje kasar, a Vienna. Rayuwar Antonio Vivaldi ta fashe a ranar 2841. An bayyana dukiyarsa kuma aka sayar da bashin, an binne jiki a kan makabarta don talakawa matalauta. Kadai ne kawai bayan mutuwar Antonio, 'yan' yan saurayin saurayin sun sami labarin bakin ciki.

Bayan mutuwa, an manta da sunan Vivaldi. Wataƙila, Johan Sebastian Bach da gaske da ke ƙaunar kiɗan na Italiyanci, na da da dadewa yana ƙaunataccen kiɗan ɗan Italiya, na dogon lokaci ya cika ƙwararrun masaniyarsa mai aminci. Bach yana da Desigten kide kide na vivaldi don kayan aiki daban-daban da kayan aiki, da kuma gado na mawaki mai rikitarwa yana da tasiri sosai akan aikin kwayoyin-virtuoso.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa

• Babban abin yabo a cikin binciken da kuma bude magungunan Vivaldi don zuriyar likitan wa Alberto Jentyli, wanda ya samo juzu'i na gaba na mawaki a farkon karni na XX.
• Antonio Vivaldi shine farkon mawaki ga VIolin da Orchestra, violins biyu, violins da moldolin guda biyu.
• Hoton launi kawai na Vivaldi, wanda ya saba da duk hotunan a cikin litattafan litattafan litattafan rubutu, kuma ba a kayyade hoto gaba ɗaya (da hoton da kanta ba ya yi kama da sauran hotuna na mawaki).

• Maestro yana da sunan barkwanci "ar firist" saboda launin tagulla na gashi, mai saukin daga cikin venetians.
• Vivaldi kuma ya zama sanannen saboda gaskiyar cewa zai iya rubuta wani termhat opera a cikin kwanaki biyar da kuma m na bambance-bambancen kiɗan akan batun ɗaya.
• Tangon "Tango na mutuwar" Tango ", a zahiri Vivaldi, a zahiri, wani abin da ake kira Palladio na zamani Karl Jenkins, da" Dare na Dare na Group Group.
• Abubuwan da ke ciki "tsawa na bazara (guguwa)" daga cikin tsarin cacurs "sun yi ta Vanessa na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun karin karin waƙoƙi a duniya.

Tari

Operas:

• "Otton a ƙauyen", 1713;
• "Roland, mahaukaci mai hasashe", 1714;
• "Arsilde, Sarauniya Ponta", 1716;
• "Coronanius Darius", 1717;
• "Artan", 1718;
• "Teuson", 1719
• "Tit Mry", 1719;
• "Farrnace", 1727 da sauransu.

Kiɗa da kide kide da murya:

• Zubda magani (mesta);
• Ludate messum mentes;
• Statat marter da sauransu.
• Zabura:
• Birnin Beata;
• Thiitevor Tibi Domine;
• Dixit Dominus;
• Laudi Urushalima da sauransu.

Osoria:

• "Budgar Budiya", 1716.
• "Ku bauta wa sihiri na sihiri uku" 1722;
• "Big Cantata" Gloria da Heles ", 1721.
• Cantata don Raura:
• "A karkashin inuwar behe mai ban sha'awa";
• "Tunanina an nada shi";
• "Amur, kun yi nasara";
• "Kun ɓace, kwanakin zinariya";
• "Don haka kuka, tushen hawaye" da sauransu.

Concrentrenter da ban dariya na kayan aiki da sonta, gami da:

• "Guguwa a teku";
• "Jin daɗi";
• "Farauta";
• "Yanayi";
• "Dare";
• "Shhinggtonnok";
• "Siffar".