Biography
The name of Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov entered the history textbooks on a par with the names of representatives of military and political circles. Fednik Lhadmitrium I served in an armed retinue was the leader of the uprising of 1606-1607.Childhood and youth
Biography Ivan Bolotnikova became the subject of scientific disputes, to a single opinion about the place of birth, the researchers did not have come so far. This could well happen on the expanses of the Moscow Kingdom, on the territory of the Crimean Khanate or in the Gorges of the Caucasus Mountains.
Analysis of archival documents made it possible to conclude that the peasant leader was born in 1565. Judging by the actions in adulthood, the hero of a distant troubled time was accustomed to the struggle for survival and exhausting work.
About the ancestors of Ivan Isaevich the information was not preserved, it was assumed that they were members of the immaculate boyars. Without seeing the exit from the situation, the boy got a job and became a representative of the community of oppressed Russian people.
In a number of scientific publications, they wrote that the leader of the peasantry fell into a squad of combat kestts to the prince of nicknamed Hircun. Andrei Telyiewski was considered an outstanding governor, a dignitary and a "adviser man" in one of the government dooms.
According to the records of Conrad Busov, the Luneburg officer, Ivan ran away from Mr. to the free Cossack steppe. Cap captive to the Crimean Khan, the young man from Russia learned what kind of pads, whip and seven-boring shoulders.
In search of the benefits of Tatars sold the slave by the Turks, and Bolotnikov got the share of the gallery slave. During bloody combat with German Christian ships, Ivan's life ordered unpredictable fate.
Alternative documents were discovered in Russian archives, according to the records, Ivan was the descendant of famous rich nobles. Savluk Bollynikov, who lived in the estate in the Vyazemsky district, served in the Moscow Aristocrats and prominent Vladimir Princes.
The birth of the future leader of the peasant-boyar uprising was Ivan IV Grozny in the 1530s. The ancestors of the people's leader became enemies of the throne and joined noble families, later glorified in the centuries.
Personal life
Nothing is not known about the personal life of Ivan Bolotnikov historians, data on the official family is not preserved in the archives. In the memoirs of contemporaries from Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands, there is no word about children or his wife.Activity
In the maturity of Bolotniks settled in Venice on a richly foundation, where there was a conversation about Lhadmitria I - a miraculously surviving king. In Sambor, in the house of Yuri Mnishek, another impostor appeared, the pseudopotomok Ivan IV - the victim of the conspiracy in Moscow.
The alleged Tsarevich Mikhail Andreevich Molchanov endowed the "Son of Isai" by the status of the Emissar of the Higher Persons. Having a letter to Avenue by the prince of Gregory Shakhovsky, Ivan gathered an armed combat-effective legion.
He called himself by the Honorary Governor of the heir of Ivan Vasilyevich, Bolotnikov with a group of militia began a cruel war. In an effort to get rid of the government of Vasily Ivanovich Shui, the commander sent the detachments to Moscow.
The person who visited slavery, according to a number of historians, was able to unite the impoverished Barski and peasants. Alexander and Prokopii Lyapunov, which rose in the period of the University, provided the army support for the dissatisfied power of the nobility.
The scale of the uprising under the leadership of Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov allowed authoritative scientists to call his peasant war. In later battles, under Bryansk, Zaraysky, Tversky, the armed groups headed the self-span of Lhadmitriy II.
The Army of Vasily Shuisky spoke out against the rebels, but this did not prevent the last to take a row of villages and cities. Chroma, Elets and Kolomna fell under the onslaught of the militia and renounced the Grand Duke at the beginning of the 1600s.
Approaching the capital, Bolotnes with other leaders began to decline people to the oath of the new young king. Eyewitnesses of distant events in historical books wrote that the people immediately believed Emissar and Buntar.
Ivan, deliberate by the support of residents of the Russian state, allowed fragmented detachments to proceed with the siege of Moscow. Success at that time prevented the absence of a nearby impostor, as well as the non-permanent character of the fragmented crowd.
Pause in the actions of the rebels helped the Great Prince to strengthen the city walls and form a part of the people. Vasilia Shuisky joined the Kazaki leadership, as well as members of noble boyars and noble families.
Governor Falsmitria I decided to go to the offensive and take the storming of Simonova Assumption Monastery. The Moscow army beat off and organized an attack, as a result, hundreds of rebels recognized the current king.
Blaries returned to Kaluga and, after analyzing the loss, realized that numerical superiority was on the opposite side. Soon there were volunteers inspired by Bunt, it became an important point in the uprising and the peasant war.
The army of Shuisky defeated in May 1607, after Bolotnikov took the second offensive campaign. In June, Ivan Vorotynsky dropped the cooler of the hills to Tula, the actions of the winner approved the devotee of the Shui people.
The rowers are located on the spacious Kremlin farm, but the defense prevented the flooding of durable walls. By the fall, the army of the rebels led by a combat commander came out of the "fortress swamp" and landed to the royal captivity.
Death
In the winter of 1607, Ivan Bolotnikov skelted on the shores of the Onega River, in the most distant district. There, the foreman of the impostor on the orders of the Grand Duke was subjected to cruel torture and on both eyes.Mulmonary asphyxia is considered the likely cause of death: the blind commander was drowned in ice running water. However, the documentary evidence of this legend by the researchers of events of the Events was not detected anywhere.
According to archival data, the namesake Ivan Bolotnikov served Mikhail Romanov in the 1620s. The activities of the palace delica, the peer of the deceased arrestant, studied carefully in research and development circles.
It was assumed that the leader of the peasants and other steady people was an educated person who had a sharp mind. The authors of verbal portraits believed: To collect a detachment from the Hops, Boyarin was attracted by an ignorant person.
Memory
Books
- 1930 - "Tale of Bolotnikoy." Author Storm G. P.
- 1972 - "Son of the Peasant". Author Saveliev A. S.
- 1973 - "Gorky bread." The author of the ideas V. A.
- 1984 - "Ivan Bolotnikov". The author of the ideas V. A.
- 1988 - "Path to Liberty." Author of Romanov V. I.
- 1988 - "On the shores of Oka". Author Razumovsky F. V.
- 1988 - "Smoot in Russia at the beginning of the XVII century. Ivan Bolotnikov. " The author of Schidnnikov R. G.
- 2008 - "The Personality of Bolotnikov in Russian pre-revolutionary literature." Author Major M. V.
- 2012 - "From Putivly to Kargopol." Author Anoshin I. P.
Monuments
- In the Tula Kremlin, a monument to Bolotnikov
- In Kaluga, a monument is established in honor of the revolt under the leadership of Bolotnikov
- In the Arkhangelsk region in the place where Bolotnik was drowned, there is a memorable stone
Street Bolotnikov
- In Tula.
- In Kaluga
- In Krasnodar
- In Magnitogorsk
- In Tyumen
- In Kolomna
- In Kazan
- In Gorlovka
- In Nizhniy Novgorod
- In Arzamas
- In Serpukhov
- In Minsk
- In Putivle
- In Tomsk
- In Vladimir