Biography
The Polar traveler Vasily Pronchischyev from those who say - a collector of the land of Russian: a participant in the Great Northern Expedition under the command of Vitus Bering, a researcher of enormous expanses, which will later receive the names of Taimyr and Archipelago North Earth. Biography Vasily Vasilyevich - a sample of the thirst for knowledge and self-sacrifice in the name of new discoveries.Childhood and youth
As researchers found out, the noble rod of Pronchischev comes from Poland, and the first mention of him appeared in the XV century. Vasily was born in 1702 in the labor estate Tarbeyevo under the tire, in the Kaluga province, and became the fifth of six sons.
At 13, the boy entered the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigation Sciences, from where a year later he went to St. Petersburg Marine Academy. The future Gardemarine studied together with the seed Chelyusky and Laptev brothers, which will also subsequently glorify Russian research science.
At the end of study, Vorkishev got to the Baltic Fleet, walked on the ships, participated in Peter's Persian campaign in the Caspian Sea.
In 1733, Vasily was included in the second Kamchatka expedition under the guidance of Captain-Commander Bering. The tasent of travelers included, speaking modern tongue, mapping, searching for minerals, as well as places for parking vessels. Pronchischev was commissioned to command the Lensely-Yenisei squad and explore the coast of the west of the mouth of Lena.
Discoveries
The discoverers went on the road on the same vessel "Yakutsk", the team consisted of 57 people. In June 1735, the expedition went down on Lena to the ocean, while studying the flows and winds, measuring the depth and producing cartographic shooting. Vasily Vasilyevich Geographical Science is obliged to a detailed map of the delta and the bed of this river.
Winter bad weather stopped further research, the campaign continued the next year. The first discovery was the island of transformation at the mouth of the Khatanga River. The descendants in three hundred years will establish that this island is a frying fry and one of the largest nesting places of birds in the water area of Laptev.
Next, the sailors just managed to fix events. Detachment Proncischev inflicted a 400-kilometer line of the Eastern Coast of Taimyr and a part of the shores of Laptev Sea from the Bay of Faddey to the Lena Delta, the bay of the same name of the island group at the north-eastern shore of the peninsula and the extreme Northern Mountain System of Russia - Byrranga. In 1993, a part of the Bay of Faddey is included in the large Arctic reserve.
Thanks to the research of the Pronchischev team, Peter and Samuel archipelagoes became known, the last one is called the islands of the Komsomol Pravda. As it was later installed, "Yakutsk" did not reach the islands, which were open in two hundred years and got the name of the Archipelago of Northern Earth.
Pronchischev could become the first-stroke of the northern tip of Eurasia, but the Cape prevented bad visibility. This honor fell out the continuer of the case of Vasily, the navigator of his ship seeds of Chelyuskin, who reached the tip of Taimyr in 1742 and called the East Northern Cape.
Personal life
On the map of the Far North, the East Coast of Taimyr, there is a bay of Maria Bronchishcheva, named after the faithful wife and participants of the expedition of Vasily Vasilyevich. The name of the researcher was called Tatiana, it turned out only in 1983, when an appropriate document was discovered in the central state archive of ancient acts.
Tatyana Fedorovna, nee Kondirev, is considered the first woman-polar traveler, long before the Decabrists decided to divide all the tightness and adversity of long marine wanders with her husband.
According to individual researchers, the family of barbecue and kondrevy lived near each other, and therefore the children were familiar with childhood. In addition, Uncle Vasily married Tatyana's aunt. Both of both fathers died early, which may have become the reason for rapprochement. All the same archives confirm that young people got married in great love.
The participation of the only woman in the polar campaign was initially questioned, since the Marine law banned the ladies to be part of the crews. But it was the crew that stood up for Tatyana before the captain, assuring that the higher authority would not know anything.
According to other sources, the official permission to participate Tatiana in the expedition was issued Commander Vitus Bering and only because Pronchischev was an educated nobility and knew the language of the northern peoples, and therefore her presence on board would be useful.
The woman showed the talent of the negotiators with the local population, when in 1735 the crew had to stay on the wintering in the village of Ust-Olenek. Residents have not once again arrived and explained that they are afraid to become infected with some unknown illness. In fact, as Prycchishev, Yakuts and Evenks feared that the eliminated people rob and ruin the village.
The presence of Tatiana convinced the local in the peaceful intentions of the guests. In addition, she helped her husband to record the stories of the Aborigines.
Death
What happened in the summer of 1736 off the coast of the Hatang Gulf, historians told the miracle the preserved ship magazine. The team traveled on the Dubel-boat "Yakutsk", even on such a ship, the researchers were not afraid to go far to the north. Having got into ice, Pronchishev decided to get up for the wintering and went to smoke the way on Yalbote. What happened later and remained unknown.
From records in the journal made by the navigator Chelyuskin, it is clear that Vasily broke his leg, but managed to return to the ship, where he lost consciousness and died in a few days. At first the cause of the death of the Lensky-Yenisei commander of the second Kamchatka expedition was considered a qing.
Only in the 20th century, when the polar explorers, headed by Dmitry Swampo, opened the graves of nodeshevy and produced a reburial, found that Vasily died from a fat embolism, and simply - from blockage of the vessels caused by a heavy fracture.
Two weeks after the death of her husband, Tatyana Bronzhevaya was not. The spouses were buried on a high hill near the settlement of Ust-Olenek, in a place where the river flows into the Arctic Ocean. The graves of brave pioneers were first supported by reference, then subsequent expeditions. In Soviet times, monuments began to establish, memorial plaques. The last grave complex was constructed on the initiative of the famous polar explorer Dmitry Shparo.
Memory
- 2016 - the film "Constellation of Mary" (in high roles - Nail Abdrakhmanov and Alina Lanina)
- Coast of Pronchischev (or the East Coast of Taimyr)
- River Pronchishchev
- Lake Pronchishchev
- Icebreaker "Vasily Pronchishchev". (Launched on the water in 1961. Port of registry - Arkhangelsk. Disposal in 1986)