Biography
The writer Knut Gamsun lived a long life grew out of the Peasant Son in the Nobel laureate, but did not stand the test of glory. The name of the Norwegian has become nominative for writers, in old age supporting the most cruel dictators. The works of Gamsun were wiser of their creator and passed the time check.Childhood and youth
On August 4, 1859, the fourth child was born in the family of rural portal Petaner Pedersen. The childhood of the boy, who the parents gave the name of the whip, passed in poverty and deprivation. For several years, he, like a Cinderella and a tiny-havel, lived in a family of secured, but harsh relatives, only an allral uncle performed in the role of stepmother.
The future Nobel laureate could say about himself a quotation of Alexander Tvardovsky:
"To whom only me, the boy, did not happen to bend back."Although the knut's adolescent photo is dressed in a respectable costume, before becoming a professional writer, the young man was able to work as a shepherd and assistant to the seller in a rural shop, stray merchant and conductor at a horse, a village teacher and a sheriff's assistant.
Books
Debuted in the literature to the tag of the story "Mysterious man. The love story from Nurlanna, "printed on the sponsor and telling about the love of a rural teacher and the daughter of the priest. Roman "Bjerger" The writer signed the pseudonym Gamsund in memory of the locality where his childhood passed. But due to the fault of the printing house, the last letter was lost, so the word Gamsun appeared, which the writer handed down as the surname to descendants.
Heroes of early novels Gamsun "Hunger" and "Misteria" - young people of creative professions. In "Hunger", this is a non-name journalist who can sell no more than one article per week, and in "Mysteries" - violinist. The action of the first work unfolds in the metropolis, and the second is in a small resort town. But locations are described non-specific, and such stories could occur with young men at any point in Europe or America.
The novels echo with the writings of Dostoevsky - the inner world of characters is more important than the plot or details of the situation. Many writers of the 20th century from Anna Akhmatova to James Joyce and from Alexey Kratchey to Henry Miller celebrated the influence of the early Romanov of Gamsun on their work, and sometimes even led the quotes from them in their works.
Subsequently, Gamsun moved to the position of the compassion. The heroes of his late novels, "the fruits of the earth" (the name of the work for which the writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature, sometimes translated as "juices of the Earth") and the trilogy about August, which includes the writings "Skis", August and Life Going, "on the contrary, the Scandinavian peasants and fishermen. Although Gamsun Did Lion Tolstoy in articles, in the mature age of Norwegian, like the Russian Graf, began to find harmony in the life of rural workers.
The bridge between these stages of the writer is the Roman "Pan", in terms of volume and number of characters, the corresponding story. The work of the work unfolds in rural areas (in the Hunter Environment), but the reader cannot understand who is right - the society imposing traditional norms, or a young man, these norms violating.
In addition to the novels, Gamsun created works of other genres - plays and ballads, stories and essays, but they had no such success as his major prose. By the time of awarding the Nobel Prize, the writer grows out the alienation from the world and irritation of both the reality and the views of the fellow in Peru, and the traditional lecture of the laureate of the whip does not pronounce.
Personal life
At 29, Knut married a girl named Bergliot, but after 8 years, the marriage in which Victoria's daughter was born. The second wife of the whip was the actress and the children's writer Marie Andersen, who gave the writer of four children, one of whom - the son of Torah - subsequently became famous as an artist. Marie was younger than her husband for 22 years, remained with Gamsun before his death.
The indelible spot of the biography of Gamsun is the fascination of the writer by Nazism. While traveling to the United States, the writer characterized the dark-skinned residents of America as defective people who will forever remain savages.
In 1934, the Nobel Laureate welcomed Adolf Hitler's coming to power, and in 1943 he visited Germany at the personal invitation of the Fuhrer and met with him and with his closest associate Josef Goebbels. Disappointed readers sent angry letters and parcels with his books.
In 1945, Gamsun was arrested, but admitted insane and placed in a psychiatric clinic, and then to the nursing home. After 2 years, the writer appointed a monetary penalty for cooperation with the Nazis. The trial of the writer described in his last work "on overgrown paths".
Marie supported Nazism even more active than her husband, and in 1947 the woman was sentenced to 3 years in prison for treason, but after 9 months they were released by amnesty. During the criminal prosecution, the spouses quarreled, but reunited in 1950. Marie wrote memoirs from which the fans of the writer's creativity can learn about his habits and personal life.
Death
In February 1952, Knut Gamsun passed away. The cause of the death of a 92-year-old writer became another, the fourth stroke. The dust of the Nobel laureate buried in the garden of Hamsunov's home in Nörholm.
The writings of Gamsun became the basis for 25 films and mini-serials, and the first film release was published in 1916. In 1978 in the tape, filmed by the novel of Mystery, such stars like Silvia Kristelle (Emmanuel) and Rutger Hauer participated. In 1996, the biography of the writer was based on the painting "Gamsun", in which the role of the Nobel laureate fulfilled Max Background of Shud. House in Hamarea, in which Knut held childhood, now functions as a museum.
Quotes
"Any people have their own cow bell, to whom he worships, and with this faith people die in bliss. It's not about what to believe, but in how to believe ... "" The source and joys of ours, and the seals - in us "" The right to live is such a generous, such an undesumed gift that he is more than paying for all sorrow Life, all to one "" Hop passed, remained the severity. "Bibliography
- 1877 - "Mysterious person. Love story from Nurland "
- 1878 - "Date"
- 1890 - "Hunger"
- 1892 - Miscelions
- 1894 - Pan
- 1898 - "Victoria"
- 1904 - "Dreamers"
- 1913 - "Children of the Century"
- 1917 - "Fruits of Earth"
- 1927 - "Schedule"
- 1930 - "August"
- 1933 - "And life goes"
- 1936 - "Circle closed"
- 1949 - "For overgrown paths"