Biography
Umbhali uKnut Gimun waphila ubomi obude bakhula bephuma kunyana ohleliyo kwi-Nobel Laureate, kodwa akazange alingane nozuko. Igama lomNorway lonyulwe ngababhali, kubudala obuxhasa abo banootata oqukayo. Imisebenzi yeGamun yayilumkile yoMdali wabo kwaye yadlula yexesha.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Nge-4 ka-Agasti, 1859, umntwana wesine wazalelwa kwintsapho yezilaphu zasemaphandleni Plataner. Ubuntwana benkwenkwe, ngubani abazali banika igama lesabhokhwe, badlula kwintlupheko kunye nokupheliswa. Kwiminyaka eliqela, yena, njengeCinderella kunye ne-cinde-hadli, babehlala kwizalamane ezikhuselweyo, kodwa zizalamane ezinzima, kuphela ngumaluli olwenziwe ngumanyano kwindima yamatsha.
Ikamva le-Nobel Laureate linokuthetha ngaye isicatshulwa sika-Alexander Tvardovsky:
"Ngubani kuphela, inkwenkwe, ayenzelwanga ukuba igobe."Nangona ifoto yomntwana ofikisayo inxibe isinxibo esifanelekileyo, ngaphambi kokuba ibe ngumbhali ofanelekileyo, lo mfana wakwazi ukusebenza njengomalusi kwivenkile esemaphandleni, umthengisi ophambukayo kunye nomfundisi welali, utitshala welali kunye Umncedisi weSheriff.
Iincwadi
Ityala kuncwadi kwi-tag yebali "umntu ongaqondakaliyo. Ibali lothando elivela eNurna, "iprintwe kumxhasi oxhasayo kwaye ixelele malunga nothando lomfundisi wasemaphandleni nentombi kambingeleli. I-Roma "BJJEERGER" BJEERGER "Umbhali watyikitya i-pusoumm jimumu kwinkumbulo yendawo ehamba kuyo umntwana wakhe. Kodwa ngenxa yempazamo yendlu yokuprinta, ileta yokugqibela yalahleka, ngoko ke uLizwi uGamshun wavela, ngalowo wawusungulwa nguMbhali kwinzala kwinzala.
Amaqhawe eenoveli zokuqala Gamun 'indlala "kunye" neMiqulu "- abantu abancinci bobugcisa bokuyila. Kwi "Hundlar", le yintatheli enganeli igama elingenzanga ngaphandle kwenqaku elinye ngeveki, kwaye kwi-windows "- i-violinist. Isenzo somsebenzi wokuqala senzeka kwiMetropolis, kwaye okwesibini sikwidolophu encinci. Kodwa iindawo azichazwanga, kwaye amabali anokwenzeka kunye nabafana nangayiphi na indawo eYurophu okanye iMelika.
Iinoveli ze-echo ngemibhalo ye-Dostoevsky - iLizwe elingaphakathi labalinganiswa libaluleke ngakumbi kuneyelenqe okanye iinkcukacha zemeko. Uninzi lwababhali benkulungwane yama-20 kuAna Akhimatova babela kuYakobi Joyce ukuya eHenry Miller babhiyozela ifuthe le-roman yomsebenzi wabo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bakhokela izicatshulwa kubo ngemisebenzi yabo kwimisebenzi yabo.
Emva koko, i-gurin yafudukela kwisikhundla semfesane. Amagorha eenoveli zakhe ezifike emva kwexesha, "iziqhamo zomhlaba" (igama lombhali lalinikwe umbhali amabhaso, ngamanye amaxesha eguqulelwa njenge-16 ka-Agasti, ebandakanya Imibhalo "ye-Skis", uAgasti nobomi bayaqhubeka, "ngokuchasene, abarhwebi baseScandinavia nabalobi. Nangona i-gumnun yenze ingonyama iTolstoy kumanqaku, kwiminyaka eqolileyo yaseNorway, njengeGraf yaseRussia, yaqala ukufumana imbali yobomi babasebenzi basemaphandleni.
Ibhulorho phakathi kwala manqanaba umbhali yipani yesiRoma ", ngokwevolumu kunye nenani labalinganiswa, ibali elihambelanayo. Umsebenzi womsebenzi ukwenzeka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni (kumzingeli osisingqongileyo), kodwa umfundi akaqondi ukuba ngubani olungileyo - uMbutho ubeka imibutho yaseburhulumenteni, okanye umfana, le milinganiselo yokwaphula umthetho.
Ukongeza kwiinoveli, i-Gamsun yadalwa imisebenzi yolunye uhlobo - imidlalo kunye nee-ballads, amabali kunye nezincoko, kodwa azizange ziphumelele njengempumelelo yakhe. Ngexesha lokurhoxisa ibhaso le-Nobel, umbhali ukhulisa ukwahlukanisa umhlaba kunye nokucaphuka kwenyani kunye neembono zomntu ePeru, kunye nokufunda kwemveli ye-Whip ayithethi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-29, uKnut utshatele intombazana egama linguBergliot, kodwa emva kweminyaka eyi-8, umtshato apho intombi kaVictoria izalelwe kuyo. Umfazi wesibini we-Whip yayinguMgcini womdlali kunye nombhali wabantwana uMarie Andersen, owanika umbhali wabantwana abane, enye yazo yaziwa ngokuba ngumculi. UMarie wayengaphantsi komyeni wakhe kangangeminyaka yakhe, wasala nge-gurin ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Indawo engenanto yebhayiloji ye-gumun kukungakhathali kombhali ngeNazi. Xa wayesiya eUnited States, umbhali waphawula abahlali abamnyama baseMelika kubantu abanesiphene abaya kuthi bahlale besengozini.
Ngo-1934, iNobel Laureate yamkelekile ukuba iza ngamandla, kwaye ngo-1943 wayetyelele eJamani kwisimemo sobuqu sombuso waza wadibana naye uJo Josef Goebbels. Abafundi abadakumbile bathumela iileta kunye neepasile ezineencwadi zakhe.
Ngo-1945, i-Gamsun yabanjwa, kodwa yavuma i-chan kwaye yabekwa kwiklinikhi yengqondo, emva koko ukuya kwikhaya labalupheleyo. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, umbhali wamisela isohlwayo semali ngentsebenziswano namaNazi. Ityala lombhali elichazwe kumsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela 'kwiindlela ezigqithisileyo ".
UMarie waxhasa uNazid ngakumbi kunendoda yakhe, kwaye ngo-1947 lo mfazi wagwetywa iminyaka emi-3 entolongweni ngenxa yokuvukela, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezisi-9 bakhululwa ngu-Amsonty. Ngexesha lokutshutshiswa kolwaphulo-mthetho, amaqabane axabana, kodwa ahlanganisana ngo-1950. UMarie wabhala iimemo apho abalandeli bobuchule bombhali banokufunda ngemikhwa yakhe kunye nobomi bakhe.
Ukufa
NgoFebruwari 1952, uKnut Gamonun usweleke. Unobangela wokusweleka kombhali oneminyaka engama-92 ubudala waba ngomnye, ukubetha kwesine. Uthuli lweNobel Laure off kwigadi yeHMSnov eNörtholmm.
Imibhalo ye-GAMUn yaba sisiseko seefilimu ezingama-25 kunye neeseti ezincinci, kunye nokukhutshwa kwefilimu yokuqala yapapashwa ngo-1916. Ngo-1978 kwiteyiphu, ifakwe inoveli yemfihlakalo, iinkwenkwezi ezinjengeSilvia Kristelle (Emmanuel) kunye neRuter Hauer ithathe inxaxheba. Ngo-1996, i-biography yombhali yayisekwe kwipeyinti "gumsun", apho indima ye-Nobel Laureate yazalisekisa imvelaphi ye-SHUD. Indlu e-haratia, apho kubuseyo ubuntwana, ngoku isebenza njengemyuziyam.
Iikowuti
"Nabani na abantu banentsimbi yabo yenkomo, abo bamnqulayo, kwaye ngalo ukholo babantu basweleka eblitye. Ayisiyonto yokukholelwa, kodwa ngendlela yokukholelwa ... "" umthombo kunye nolonwabo, kunye neTywina lethu sisipho esinjalo, esingathandekiyo esinjalo Ukuhlawula bonke ubomi bobuzi, yonke into edlulayo "" idlulile, yahlala ibukhali. "I-Bibliography
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- Ngo-1878 - "Umhla"
- 1890 - "Indlala"
- I-1892 -impazamo
- I-1894 - PAN
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- Ngo-1913 - "Abantwana Benkulungwane"
- 1917 - "Iziqhamo zomhlaba"
- Ngo-1927 - "ishedyuli"
- Ngo-1930- "Agasti"
- Ngo-1933 - "nobomi buhamba"
- Ngo-1936- "isangqa esivaliweyo"
- Ngo-1949 - "Iindlela ezingaphezulu"