I-Biograge
U-Edith Worton wayengumbhali waseMelika ojabulele ulwazi lomphakathi ophakeme kakhulu ukukhombisa izimilo zabantu abaziwayo kahle. Waba ngowesifazane wokuqala owathola umklomelo we-pulitzer umklomelo wenoveli, owathanda umngani nozakwabo Henry James.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Biography Edith Worton waqala ngoJanuwari 24, 1862, lapho kuzalwa umlobi wesikhathi esizayo obizwa ngokuthi u-Edith Newbold Jones. Batali bakhe uGeorge noLucretia bathola ukuhweba kwezakhiwo futhi bakhange imindeni yabanini bomhlaba, eNetherlands bathuthela eNew York.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwempilo, le ntombazane yabamba ukuxabana kwabalingani kanye nezivumelwano, ngenxa yokuthi imali kazwelonke yase-US yehle. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uClan Jones wayehlala ehamba, ehambela amazwe afana neJalimane naseSpain.
U-Edith, kanye nabafowethu abadala, wathola imfundo yasekhaya futhi watshela izilimi ezintathu eneminyaka eyi-10. Wenqabile amazinga wemfashini nezemvelo, anqabe ukubamba iqhaza kuma-receptions, Rauta kanye neBalson.
Bazali bazithoba ngokucophelela okuhlangenwe nakho kwendodakazi, ngoba ekuqaleni kuka-1871 wahlupheka esiswini. Ukuphulukiswa ngokuyisimangaliso, ingane yanquma ukunikela izimpilo enkonzweni emphakathini ngakho-ke funda inqwaba yezincwadi zobuciko nezesayensi.
Imfundo etholwe yi-Offices Posscess, EDITH yacubungula izikhala ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezihlanganisiwe olwazini, zimba emtatsheni wezincwadi kababa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umama, ukunakekela ikusasa, wabeka ukuvinjelwa amanoveli, wabe esevimba ukufinyelela kwezinye izincwadi kuze kube yilapho indlalifa izothola umkhwenyana.
UJones-Senior, ngokuphambene nalokho, wayazisa amakhono endodakazi yakhe futhi wayilalela ngentokozo le ndaba ayibhalela yona. UGeorge waba ngumlaleli wokuqala wokuhunyushwa kwenkondlo yombhali owaziwa kancane waseJalimane wawushicilela ngaphansi kwegama likaRalph Waldo
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngeminyaka yama-1880, u-Edith wanikela intando kamama futhi, washiya ubuqambi bokugcina, njengoba kushicilelwe udumo. Ebholeni eliphakeme eNew York, wahlangana nendlalifa yosomabhizinisi, kodwa abazali ababengafuni ukuthi lo mshado wanciphisa ngokushesha ubuhlobo.Ngemuva kwesikhashana, u-Edward Robbins Worton, isikhulu sezezimali esivela emndenini omuhle savela empilweni yomuntu waseMelika. Ngo-1885, waba ngumyeni wentombazane osemthethweni, kodwa washada nanoma ngubani waletha injabulo ngenxa yokuntuleka kothando.
U-Edith Worton (emi) nomfowabo, uFrederick Raceendander Jones noDadewethu uMary Kadwalader Jones
Kwakungekho zingane ezivela kubalingani, ngakho-ke umuzwa wesibopho wangcwatshwa, futhi u-Edith wathola inoveli enezintatheli ezibizwa ngokuthi yiRorton Fullerton. Lo mbhangqwana wasondela ngokuphelele ekubukeni komhlaba nangomlingiswa, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwesehlukaniso somlobi ngo-Edward Robbins, bahamba kakhulu ndawonye.
Izincwadi
Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwezinkondlo zakuqala, uWorton waqala ukudala amanoveli, kodwa umsebenzi wokuqala wale nto owethulwe emphakathini eminyakeni engama-40. Kwakuyincwadi ethi "Isigodi Sezinqumo", esalandisa ngempilo yama-aristocrats kanye nemicimbi eqanjiwe yayinento ye-autobiographical.
Ngo-1905, izahluko namavesi asemsebenzini olandelayo obizwa ngokuthi "Indlu Mirut" kwanyatheliswa emakhasini kamagazini kaScribener. Umbhali watshela le ndaba yowesifazane omuhle, kodwa ompofu, ezimpilweni zawo, ngenxa yobandlululo womphakathi, ukudangala nokuphelelwa yithemba nokuba yize.
Impumelelo yenoveli evela kwabagxeki kanye nabafundi benza u-Edith aqhubekela phambili, kwathi ngo-1917 wakhipha imisebenzi emisha. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona izincwadi 'zesihlahla sesihlahla' ne- "Summer", umhlahlandlela "undiza ngeFrance" nenoveli "inoveli".
Inoveli yomsebenzi wokudala kwakuyinoveli ethi "I-Epoch of Mincence", inguqulo yakhe ephrintiwe yethulwe nguD. Appleton & inkampani. Kuyena, u-Edith wathola umklomelo kaPulitzer ezincwadini, noma kunjalo, kwakuyincazelo yesiphetho sakhe.
Umqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi wawukungqubuzana komphakathi omusha nowesidala, owenzeke eMelika ekuqaleni kwamakhulu eminyaka ye-XIX-XX. Thatha indawo embuthanweni wama-aristocrat kwakuwumgomo oyinhloko wabalingiswa, futhi kulokhu balahlekelwa ukuzethemba nothando.
Ngaphezu kwemibhalo yobuciko, ubuchwepheshe bebukhona kwi-bibliography: Imibiko yohambo, amabhukwana lababhali kanye namathiphu wokuhlela wasendlini. Wabonwa njengeProsurair evelele eyathatha i-niche yakhe yokudala futhi yasebenza ngokugcwele kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-1930s.
Ukushona
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1937, u-Edith waphumula eFrance, ngenkathi esebenza encwadini yezokwakha ebhekene nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi wawa ngaphandle kwemizwa. Ngokushesha impilo yalowo mlobi waseMelika yaqala ukudala ukukhathazeka kwabathandekayo, nembangela yokufa okuzinzile kwakungu-hemorrhage kanye nohlangothi.U-Waroton wangcwatshwa ethuneni elilula emathuneni amaProthestani eVersailles phambi kwezihlobo zabantu abasosizini namakhulu abantu be-ephortty. Imemori yombhali we- "Incon Epoch" yahlala ngesimo sesithombe namagama we-crater, kanye nenoveli namanoveli aba yimikhumbi yesikrini.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1897 - "Ukuhlobisa Izindlu"
- Ngo-1905 - "Indlu yaseMirta"
- 1911 - "I-ITAN Froum"
- Ngo-1912 - "I-REEF, noma lapho injabulo yephulwe"
- 1917 - "Ihlobo"
- Ngo-1920 - "U-Epoch of Innocence"
- 1922 - "Emisebeni yenyanga evuthayo"
- 1928 - "Izingane"
- 1937 - "Izipoki"
- 1938 - "IPirates"