I-Biograge
UHenry James wayengelenani lababhali abasemadolobheni ahlukene futhi aba nguMlobi wamanoveli angama-20, amakhulu wezindaba kanye ne-12. Imisebenzi yayo ngesitayela sakudala, kanye nezindlela zomsebenzi ezedlule zivame ukuba yifilimu futhi zibangele abafundi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UHenry James wazalelwa eNew York ngo-Ephreli 15, 1843 emndenini wazokufika evela eYurophu, abathwali bezimpande zase-Ireland naseScotland. Unina, owayenenhlanhla, wakhuphula inzalo eningi, futhi ubaba, indlalifa yasebhange, wayeyithanda ifilosofi nenkolo.
Ujabule njengezazi zemfundiso yenkolo nesipika, inhloko yomndeni wayevame ukuya eYurophu futhi wavakashela iGeneva neLondon, ehamba nomkakhe nezingane. Ngakho-ke, abafundisi abazimele babandakanyeka emfundweni yokuqala yomfana, namakhono akhe abasebasha abasebasha.
Ebuntweni, uHenry, owayephethwe yisikhathi, angena esimweni samasiko eParis futhi asusa ngokuyisimangaliso sokuthi inkulumo ayantuleka, efunde isiFulentshi. Kusukela lapho, yena ekuqaleni Funda izincwadi zodumo de Balzak nangokugcwaliswa kukamama ongokomzwelo wabhala imicabango nemizwa kudayari.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1860, umfowethu ophezulu uJames James, udokotela wezengqondo wesikhathi esizayo, wangena e-University of Bostoni, futhi lo mndeni wathuthela kuye. UHenry wahlela amalungelo esikole, kepha wakuthola kudida lokhu kuliqondiswa futhi, okwenza izinyathelo zokuqala e-Intlent Biography, zaqala ukutadisha ikhono lokubhala.
Ukuba nobungane nabalobi nabagxeki, le nsizwa yadala umbhalo wokwakheka kweshashalazi, eyanyatheliswa nguRin Maggie Mitchell eFanchon The Cricket. Bese kuthi-ke le ndaba 'enhlekeleleni yamaphutha', futhi umlobi obonisayo wombhali wamenywa ukuba abhale izinto zokwakha omagazini nasemaphephandabeni.
Ukuthola imali ekubuyekezweni kwezincwadi, uHenry waya eYurophu wahlangana nabadali abanjalo njengoba uCharles Dickens noGeorge Eliot. Futhi wabe esehlala eLondon futhi waqala ukubhala amanoveli abesifazane, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi abamemezeli abazange baphrinte noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali waseMelika isalokhu izingxabano, futhi abasekeli bemibono ehlukahlukene bahlangana kuphela ukuthi wayeyi-bachelor. Iningi labezindaba ezinamaphiko athola ukufinyeleleka kwezithombe nezithombe ezivela kungobo yomndeni kwathiwa kuye kwathi ngamadoda futhi kwabizwa ngokukhululekile.Izincwadi
Ngo-1860-1870, uJames wayeyilungu le-Gentlemen Club futhi afunde eyakhe imisebenzi ngombuthano wabangane nabangane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inkampani yokuhlela yesiNgisi ikhiphe iRoderik Hudson Roman, ukuthi abagxeki kanye nabafundi abathola umlando wokuzijabulisa.
Ukusebenza ngohlobo lwePrace Eneqiniso, uHenry waba umlandeli weGustava Flaubert futhi asondelene nesithixo sezincwadi, asuka eLondon aye eParis. Lapho, waba ngabangane nababhali u-Emil ZOL no-Ivan Turgenev nangemva kokushicilelwa kwemisebenzi eminingi evunyelwe isikhundla saseMelika eYurophu.
Umsebenzi walesi sikhathi sakudala wawuhlanganisa nochungechunge lwemisebenzi yothando: "I-Washington Square", "Daisy Miller", "ukuzethemba" kanye "nomfanekiso wabesifazane". Bese ubhala ngokubhekisisa eshintsheni ekufundweni kwezehlakalo ezithuthukayo, futhi lokhu kwaholela enkingeni ebukhali eyathatha iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-BIBLIOCROCEOCELOCE yagcwaliswa ngemibhalo njenge "Bostonians", "I-Tragic Muse", "Izincwadi ze-Asper" ne "Screw Turn". Kubo, umbhali wakhulisa imibuzo yezenhlalo nezenhlalo, kanye ne-intenetetation kanye nokubhekana namasiko okukhanya okudala nokusha.
Ekuzameni ukuphumelela kubafundi, umbhali wathatha idrama, kepha izilaleli azizange zizazise noma yimuphi umdladla. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo zemibhalo zasiza ukwakhiwa kwesitayela esisha, ngenxa yokuthi uHenry ucabangile ukubeka isiphambano emsebenzini wakhe.
Izincwadi ezishicilelwe ngonyaka we-1900s zahlukaniswa ubuncane babalingiswa, kanye nengqondo kanye nokudideka, ngesakhiwo saphakade esithambekele. Ulimi lwezingxoxo kanye nezincazelo zobuciko kwaqala ukugcwala ngezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidluliselwe kahle, iphunga, umsindo nombala.
Bekumele nginambitheke kwabagxeki, kuvinjelwe izincwadi zokugcina zabalobi futhi zabelwa imisebenzi efana nokuthi "amaphiko amajuba" kanye "NatisAdors". Ngenxa yokubuyekezwa kochwepheshe abagunyaziwe, uHenry James wafunda emhlabeni wonke, futhi abenzi bamafilimu abadumile benza amafilimu ama-ART avela emanoveli.
Ukushona
NgoFebhuwari 28, 1916 ngesiNgisi nasemaNgisini aseMelika wabhala ukuthi umlobi uHenry James ushonile. Imbangela yokufa komuntu osanda kuzalwa kwakuwukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwe-cerebral kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi, okwenzeka endlini ekhona eSussex.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1875 - "Rodrick Hudson"
- Ngo-1877 - "American"
- Ngo-1878 - "AbaseYurophu"
- 1880 - "I-Washington Square"
- Ngo-1881 - "Umfanekiso Wabesifazane"
- 1886 - "Ama-Bostonians"
- Ngo-1890 - "Imnyuziyamu Ebuhlungu"
- Ngo-1899 - "Iminyaka Engakhululekile"
- 1901 - "Ambassadors"
- 1902 - "Amaphiko ejuba"
- Ngo-1904 - "I-Vollide Vase"