I-Biograge
Usosayensi waseScotland uRobert Brown wenza umnikelo omkhulu kwi-biology, ethula incazelo yezinhlobo ezingaziwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo kanye nomnyombo weseli. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa okusha kwesibonakhulu, wavula inhlangano ye-brownian, okwakungukuqinisekiswa kwemibono kaNorbert Wiener no-Albert Einstein.Ubuntwana nentsha
URobert Brown wazalelwa eScotland ngoDisemba 21, 1773 emndenini wabefundisi - uJacobinz nomfazi wakhe wokuqala nowokuwukuphela. Umfana wavakashela indawo yokuzivocavoca yasendaweni, bese ekolishi laseMarisal e-Aberdeen, kodwa akazange aphothule imfundo ngenxa yokuthuthela enhlokodolobha yezwe.
Ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uRobert wagcwalisa izikhala ezikhona olwazini futhi, ethatha isinqumo sokufunda umuthi, wangena e-Eversity of Edinburgh. Emcimbini wesibili, izintshisekelo ze-guy zishintshele eBotany, futhi yena nothisha uJohn Walker wabamba eminye yeminyaka eyalandela ekuhambeni.
Uma kucatshangelwa izincazelo zezincazelo zesitshalo, ezatholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zeScotland, usosayensi wekusasa aqoqa amaqoqo avule uhlobo lotshani olungaziwa. Ngokushesha kwase kunomsebenzi wokucwaninga onikezelwe ku-Alopecurus Alpinus, owethulwe ochwepheshe emphakathini wemvelo wemvelo.
Ngo-1794, ama-Brown aqashwa kabusha empini nangomphephelo wezempi ayesendaweni yase-Ireland. Ukuba nesikhathi esanele samahhala, wafunda ama-cryptographs kanye ne-flora yasendaweni futhi waqhuba izincwadi noSir Joseph Banx nokunye okuvelele kweBotany.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yenzalo kaRobert Brown ayengaziwa, kungenzeka ukuthi wayengenasikhathi samahhala sokwenza umkakhe nezingane. Wayevame ukungabikho ekhaya, ekuhambeni noma elabhoratri, lapho ayebandakanyekile ekucwaningeni okuhlukile nokubhala izindatshana zesayensi.Isayensi
Ngo-December 1800, uRobert wafunda ukuthi uhambo lokucwaninga oluthunyelwe kwa-Aqurn Hemisphere lwaludingeka nge-Botanic naku-Natural. Wayenethemba lokuthi kuzovula ikhasi elisha kuma-biograficies akhe futhi amasimu angajwayelekile aqinisekisiwe ukuvimbela ukumangala.
Futhi impela, izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-ferns, imibala namakhambi atholakala eCape of Good Hope naseziqhingini zaseNtshonalanga Australia. Iminyaka emine, usosayensi waqoqa izinto zokwakha futhi ekugcineni waba ngumbhali weqoqo elibaluleke kakhulu, alifunda futhi elichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngokubuyela ezweni lakubo.
Njengoba ususungule ama-systestics ahlukile ezinhlobo, ansundu eyenziwe njengethalente le-morphologist, akwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto kuma-molekyuli nama-athomu amancane nezinhlayiya. Lokhu kwabonakala kumsebenzi wesayensi weProdromus Florae Novandae Hollandia et ensulav van diemen, okwabangela ukudunyiswa kozakwethu kanye nabantu abaphakathi esisezingeni eliphakeme.
Njengomvuzo weScotland, okuthunyelwe komtapo wezincwadi uSir Joseph Banks, kwathi ngemuva kokushona kweBaronet kanye ne-Natural, kwaba yindlalifa yokuqoqwa kwezincwadi. Unikele eMnyuziyamu waseBrithani maphakathi no-1827, njengoba kufakazelwa amakhophi amadokhumenti namarekhodi abhalwe kudayari yomuntu siqu.
Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, ngokususelwa kumalungiselelo ahlelwe ngabandulelwayo be-cell theory, ama-brown enziwe imidwebo ye-schematic futhi anikeze incazelo entsha ye-nucleus yemifino. Okunye okutholakele kososayensi kwakungukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ze-botanical kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha ezinhlotsheni ezibonisa uhlobo lomnyango othile wemvelo.
Ukutadisha i-physiology yezitshalo, uRobert wenze isifundo sentuthuko ye-anther futhi wathola izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu nezinganekwane ezihamba ngezindiza. Ngo-1827, waba ngumlobi wezivivinyo eziningi, lapho into ephakeme yokutadisha yayiyimpova yezimbali.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, uRobert wafaka okusanhlamvu ku-ketshezi wabuka inhlangano ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya nokushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imigomo yenhlangano ye-brownia yenhlekelele, enyatheliswa embikweni weLondon Royal Society, yavulwa.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ososayensi bangabaza izindlela ezichazwe emisebenzini kaBrown, futhi bazama ukukhansela ukutholakala, babhekise kwi-applatus enamandla engafanele. Izazi zesayensi zamanyuvesi aseBrithani ziphindaphinde ukucwaswa kweScot futhi kuqinisekisile ukunemba kokuziphatha kwezimbambo zempova ezifakwe esikweleni.
Ukushona
Ekushoneni kwelanga kwempilo ende, uRobert Brown, obhalwe emifanekisweni, ebekwe enhlokodolobha yeGreat Britain, enikezela isikhathi somhleli womsebenzi. Ukufa kwesizathu esingachazeki ngoJuni 10, 1858 kwamangala ngomphakathi wesayensi futhi kwashaqeka bonke abantu baseBrithani.Ukukhumbula
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngenkumbulo ye-Natural yemvelo edumile, uMkhandlu weLondon Royal Society usungule i-marble slab e-soho. Phambilini, izitshalo eziningi ezivulekile zithole igama likaRobert Brown kanye nesifinyezo R.BR., kwethulwa ngo-1822.