I-Biograge
ULeonid Kravchuk - uMongameli wokuqala we-Ukraine ozimele. Abasekeli bokulondolozwa kweSoviet Union basola le nqubomgomo ngokusayina kanye noBoris Yeltin noStanislav Shushkevich, izivumelwano zeBelovezhsky. Izizwe azikwazi ukuthethelela uLeonid Makarovich izikhali zenhlangano yombuso.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1934 edolobhaneni laseGreat Litin, eliseduze kwedolobha laseRivne. Phakathi kwabantu bendawo esikanye nabo babenqoba izibhamu zabezindaba bephelile, kanye nomholi wekusasa, ku "-Chuk". Umlobi uSergey Kirillovich Melnichuk - umzala woMongameli wokuqala wase-Ukraine, iNdodana kaMfowethu uMama, u-Efimi Kravchuk (eMelnichuk).
Njengoba uMotherland omncane wendoda uhambe e-USSR eMolotov - Uyise kaRibbentrop, ubaba kaLeonid Makarovich kuma-30s ekhulu lama-20 akwazi ukuyokhonza eTaftalry yasePoland. Ngokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe laseCavalryist yahlanganisa nebutho elibomvu. Ngo-1944, uMakar Kravchuk ushone eBelarus.
Ngemuva kwesikole, le nsizwa iphothule iziqu ezivela eRivne Traderation School, iDiploma ebomvu yazo evumela insizwa ngaphandle kwezivivinyo zingene e-Ukraine - I-Kiev State University. I-Kravchuk yaqala ukuthola imfundo, njengoba ikhethwe yinkolelo yezentengiso. Ngemuva konyaka, umfana wenqaba okuthunyelwe kwakhe, ngoba wayengafuni "ukudansa ngaphansi kweDudka yakhe" ye-Porrag.
Kwihostela elilodwa elinezinsizwa, okuhlaselwa yisikhathi esizayo kwe-Ukraine i-vyacheslav chernovol (Chornovil), eyashona ngengozi yemoto, futhi uVitaly VrubLevyky, owayengumsizi weKomidi eliKhomidi lase-Ukraine Viktor Shcherbitsky. Yize umdabuko waseJist Jitin kwadingeka ukuthi asebenze ngokulayisha kwezimoto nezinhlanzi, iminyaka yabafundi uKravchuk ekhumbula njengoba ejabule kakhulu e-Biography yabo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UPolitician ujabule empilweni yomuntu siqu. Ukhethwe nguLeonid Makarovich, u-Antonina Mikhailovna, wakhulela ngaphandle kukayise futhi, futhi, ngaphambi kokungena eKiev, waphothula iziqu eRed Diploma Technical School. Umdabu omuhle wedolobhana laseViera Tonya Mishar wayemkhulu futhi elungiselelwe.
Umndeni wensizwa edalwe emkhakheni wesine - ukugibela intombi kuleli waletha umfana nomuntu afunda naye, futhi lapho egijimisana namazinga okushisa, le ntombazane yathola esibhedlela. Umshado weKomsomol wadlalwa endlini yehostela laseLenin. Umakoti noMlobokazi bahalalisele uSolwazi Zhuchenko, owacabanga ukuthi abasanda kushada benza umsebenzi wesayensi omuhle. Ukudla okulula etafuleni lomshado kwakuyi-vinairette, umvimba we-Odessa namazambane athosiwe.
Ukuphela kwendodana kaLewonid no-Antonina - u-Alexander, ungusomabhizinisi. Ngegama, abesilisa bahlobanisa inkampani iNafkom-Agro, engumnikazi wamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 omhlaba ePoltava, eVinnitsa, eChernihiv naseSumy izifunda. UKravchukov unamzukulu ka-Andrei, ngo-2005 wenza uLeonid Makarovich no-Antonina Mikhailovna bakhunjulwa kanye namantombazane amakhulu kalona, nomzukulu kaMaria.
Ipolitiki yokudla oyithandayo - ama-dumplings ane-cottage shizi kanye nokubumba (ama-roll of inkukhu noma ibele leTurkey ngemifino neqanda). Uhlobo oluthandayo lwenja - Umalusi waseJalimane. U-Daily Leonid Makarovich uthatha i-100 g yama-gill ezempilo futhi ahlanjululwe kubhavu.
Ngo-2010, osopolitiki basinda lapho esibhedlela. NgoJuni 2011, odokotela babuyisela ukubona kwakhe ngosizo lokufaka esikhundleni se-crystal yesandla sobunxele. Ngo-2017, eneminyaka engama-83 ubudala, iKravchuk isuse ama-plaques avela emikhunjini. Engxoxweni nomuntu owayengumongameli waxoxa ngokukhohlisa kwezokwelapha ngokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuhleliwe.
Umsebenzi nezepolitiki
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikhungweni, kwafundwa iziqu iminyaka emi-2 esikhungweni sezimali, kwabe sekuqala ukuhambisa umugqa weqembu. Ngo-1967, uDoros ekhanda loMnyango wePropaganda weKomidi leChernivtsi yeqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngo-1970, indoda ethile yavikela i-theisis yayo enikele emsindweni wenzuzo ngaphansi kobusoshiyali.Eminyakeni engu-18 eyalandela, uKravchuk wadlula ngendlela evela ekhanda lomkhakha ekhanda loMnyango Wezenkululeko weKomidi eliKhomidi lase-Ukraine. I-Party Eideologue, ukuza edolobhaneni lakubo ukuyochitha umuntu okholwayo ojulile, ngesicelo sowesifazane osekhulile wahlala ekhoneni ngaphansi kwezithonjana.
Ngawo-1980s, uLeonid Makarovich, uLeonid Makarovich wakhipha izincwadi eziningana mayelana nokubonakaliswa kweSoviet Union. Ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka, uKrachuk, owaba ngumuntu ozongenela ukhetho lweKolithi eliseCentral of the Counter Commit of the Republican Commist Party, elesihlwa kusihlwa "engxoxweni" nabasekeli be-Ukraine ".
Ngeminyaka yama-1990s kanye nengxenye yokuqala ka-1991, uLeonid Makarovich wahlanganisa ubuholi bePhalamende lase-Ukraine SSR ngobulungu eKomitini laseRepublican kanye neKomidi le-All-Union of the Party. Ngemuva kuka-August Putch, uLeonid waphuma emigqeni ye-CPSU, omunye wabaholi bawo. Ngo-Agasti 24, 1991, uKravchuk wasayina lo mthetho, ememezela ukuzimela kwe-Ukraine, walibangisa ekhanda lakhe leVerkhovna. Ngo-Agasti 31, uLeonid Makarovich wavimba iqembu endaweni yesimo esisekhanda, ngenxa yalokho akwenza umsebenzi wakhe.
UMongameli we-Ukraine
IHhovisi likaMongameli laseKravchuk lihlala iminyaka engu-2,5. Ngokhetho lwango-1991, wahamba njengokhetho olungewona amaPratic futhi wathola ukusekelwa kwawo wonke amalungu amaningi enhlangano yamaKhomanisi evunyelwe kanye nama-Democrats amaningi kazwelonke.
Ngosuku lokuqala lwasebusika lwango-1991, owathola ukhetho lwathola cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamavoti okhethweni oluqondile. Ngemuva kwesonto, isivumelwano saseBelovezhskaya ekuqedweni kokuba khona kwe-USSR kwasayinwa. Umhlaba wawunesithombe sikaKravchuk, uYelsin noShushkevich, ebekile izandla. Imicimbi yeNewsreel yangena kwimibhalo ye-Master Series "UsSR. Waphahlazeka.
Ngokusho kososayensi bezepolitiki, bekungumholi wase-Ukraine owaqala isigwebo sentambo eSoviet Union. Engxoxweni noDmitry Gordon ngonyaka we-2016, uLeonid Makarovich uthe ngeRussia:
"UMfowethu Omdala" wayefuna ukuklebhula i-Ukraine ngezingalo zakhe. "Ngokusho kwesibalo sezepolitiki, ngesikhathi sohambo eMoscow, wayehlala ezwa i-chauvinosm enkulu yaseRussia yoHlishini waseSoviet.
Phakathi kwentuthuko eKravchuk ngesimo sikaMongameli - Ukuqashelwa komhlaba wezwe lonke kwe-Ukraine njengezwe elizimele, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lweqembu eliningi, ukwamukelwa kwekhodi yomhlaba. Phakathi kokwehluleka - ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokuncipha kwabantu. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yenhlekelele uKravchuk wavuma okhethweni lwakudala futhi walahlekelwa amagama awo kuLeonid Kuchme.
Ngemuva kweHhovisi likaMongameli
Indoda kathathu (ngonyaka we-1994, 1998 no-2002) yakhethwa kwiPhini leVerkhovna Rada lase-Ukraine. Kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2006, wayeyingxenye yokuphathwa kweqembu lentando yeningi ye-Ukraine.ULeonid Makarovich waveza kaningi iCrimea kanye nenguquko yakhe kumandla aseRussia ngonyaka we-2014. Umholi wangaphambili ukholelwa ukuthi ukungakhululeki kufanele kulwele inhlonhlo, futhi kukholelwa ukuthi "iCrimea ngeke lisinde ngaphandle kwe-Ukraine."
ULeonid Kravchuk manje
NgoJanuwari 2020, ohlelweni "imizuzu engama-60" esiteshini se-TV "Russia 1" UKravchuk waphawula ngamazwi kaVladimir Zelensky ekuzibophezeleni okulinganayo kwabaholi beRech Reich kanye ne-USSR yokuyenqatshwa komhlaba wonke. Ubike iqiniso lomhlangano ka-Adolf Hitler noJoseph Stalin ngo-1940 eLviv. Inhlangano "Izikhulu zaseRussia" ngemilomo enkulu uMikhail Makarchuk yasola uMongameli wangaphambili wase-Ukraine eRussia.
Ngo-Mashi 2020, uLeonid Makarovich ungene engxoxweni nomngane kaPeter Poroshenko - u-Irina Geranoshko. Owesifazane uveze ukuthi ingxoxo phakathi kweKiev noLugansk nama-Donetsk Republics ayinakwenzeka. UKravchuk wakhumbula intokazi ukuthi i-LNR ne-DPR - abahlanganyeli bezivumelwano zeMinsk ezisayinwe egameni likaPeter Poloshenko.
"UVladimir Putin, lapho esayina, akushaye," osopolitiki wathi ngokudabukisayo.-Zuzayo
- Ukuhleleka kwe-Okthoba Revolution
- Ama-oda amabili esibhengezo esibomvu
- 1996 - Order of Prince Yaroslav Wise V degree
- Ngo-1999 - I-Order of Prince Yaroslav Special IV degree
- 1999 - Isiphambano esikhulu se-oda laseSt. Stanislav
- Ngo-2001 - iqhawe lase-Ukraine (ngesethulo se-oda lamandla)
- Ngo-2004 - I-Order of Prince Yaroslav Deal Tigree III Degree
- 2007 - Order of Prince Yaroslav Deal Degree
- 2014 - Ukuhleleka kwenkululeko
- 2016 - Indondo "Iminyaka engama-25 yenkululeko ye-Ukraine"