I-Biograge
Ukuqhutshwa kukaCharles Fourier, isazi sefilosofi saseFrance nesazi sezenhlalo ye-XVIII Century, ungalahlekelwa ukuhambisana nanamuhla. Ukuba ngummeleli okhanyayo we-Utopian Socialism, usosayensi waphakamisa imibono, isikhathi esiholayo. Ngakho-ke, owesilisa ocwaningweni lwesayensi wanaka amalungelo abesifazane, waba ngumlobi wegama elithi "feminism".Ubuntwana nentsha
UFrancois Marie Charles Fourier wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 7, 1772 eSasonson. Ubaba wabandakanyeka kwezohwebo futhi unethemba lokuthi uzoqhubeka nebhizinisi lomndeni. Kodwa-ke, umfana empeleni waheha ubuciko, kunokuba ubuciko.
Ebuntwaneni, uCharles, nokho, wafuna ukuba ngunjiniyela, kepha kuphela izingane zezinhlonipho zaphuthunyiswa esikoleni sezempi zonjiniyela. Kamuva, umuntu ocabangayo waphawula ukuthi wayekubonga ngesiphetho sokuthi eqinisweni lokuthi i-biography lalingekho indawo yokuba yisayensi eqondile: Kuzoncipha isikhathi sesayensi yezenhlalo ukusiza ubuntu.
Ngemuva kokushona kukababa kawona kufanele bathole umsebenzi ukuba babe nezindlela zokuba khona. Umfo wasuka eBesansson waya eLyon, wabe esezitholela yena kanye namanye amadolobha aseFrance. Ebusheni bemachibi kwakuyinsizwa yesikole sokuphila. Ukutadisha ukuhweba okwenziwe kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuchaza esikhathini esizayo amaqembu alo amabi emibhalweni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kubumfihlo, isazi sezenhlalo asitholanga injabulo yomndeni. I-Bachelor yangokwesonto yacacisa abangane bakhe abathembekile - amakati. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthando lwe-petier olune egumbini lokuhlela. Endaweni enjalo, iminyaka yokuphila komcwaningi yadlula. Mhlawumbe enqaba ukushada, indoda yabonisa umphakathi intela kumalungelo nenkululeko yamantombazane. Emisebenzini, isazi sezenhlalo sigcizelele kaningi ukuthi umshado wendabuko uyithuna lowesifazane.Umsebenzi wesayensi
Maphakathi nezimfundiso ze-Utopic Socialism ezineier - umqondo we-falannther. Ngaphansi kwawo, usosayensi wasiqonda isigodlo somphakathi, lapho izakhamizi zihlangana khona nama-phalanges. Ngamunye wale phalange wahlanganisa abantu abangu-1600-1800 abasebenza ndawonye ukuze bazuze. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, isazi sefilosofi asitholanga imali yokuhlanganisa le phrojekthi. Lesi sakhiwo kwakudingeka sihlanganise izici zazo zombili impilo yasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya.
Ehlelweni lobuciko, i-falanester ifaka izingxenye ezintathu - amaphiko aphakathi nendawo akhona. Ensimini eyinhloko kwakukhona ama-canteens, amakamelo okuhlala, kanye namakamelo okusebenza ngokunengqondo. Iphiko lokuqala lenzelwe ukubekwa kwama-workshop kanye nezingane, okungukuthi, izikhala ezizenza msindo.
Okwesibili kwasebenza izici zehhotela. Kuhlanganisa amabhola amabhola, izindawo zemihlangano nezivakashi. Ukuza isikhathi esigodlweni somphakathi, kwakudingeka ukukhokha inani elithile. Le mali ibise-falanga elandelayo eMnyangweni.
Naphezu kobumbano bezabasebenzi, ubunikazi babumele kanye nokungalingani kwesimo kwahlala ku-phalanx. Abantu abanikeziwe bazohlala ezitezi ezingenhla, abanye babezoba namakamelo angaphansi. Abantu bakhetha umsebenzi ngesisekelo sezifiso zabo, izintshisekelo namathuba. Into esemqoka ukuzijabulisa.
Uma ucabanga ngomthombo wabo bonke abathukutheli nabayimemeze ngokungafanele ngamaJuda, uPineer wacela ukuthumela abamele laba bantu emsebenzini wezolimo eFalaaster. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, umFulentshi owenzele ukubuya kwabathengisi abangamaJuda ePalestine. Kamuva, abezingqinamba ezibizwa ngokuthi yisayensi yezenhlalo nge-anti yezomnotho nakwezenkolo, kodwa hhayi ngokobuhlanga.
Ukususa isidingo sokuhweba kwasekhaya, isazi sefilosofi sasikisela okulandelayo kubahlali. Imisebenzi kumele ikhethwe ngabantu ngokuya ngezintandokazi zomuntu siqu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubulili nobudala. Uhlobo olukhethiwe lomsebenzi olutholwe kumlobi incazelo ethi "Uchungechunge Olunothando".
Emini, umuntu angashintsha inani lochungechunge - into esemqoka amakilasi afana nawo futhi awazange anikeze okungasebenzi. Izinto ezikhiqizwayo, izimpahla zangena ezitoreni ezijwayelekile. Ukusuka lapha, amalungu e-falangi angabe esethatha abakudingayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngamunye wezakhamizi wayengumnikazi wemikhiqizo yazo yomsebenzi, eqala ngezingane ezineminyaka eyi-4,5.
Wethule izintshisekelo zemibono yefilosofi. Le ndoda yayikholelwa ukuthi "abakhulu abathuthukisi" babheka izingane ezinabantwana, futhi babona iphutha ekuboneni okunjalo. Usosayensi wayekholelwa ukuthi izingane zazineminyaka emi-2-3 ekhuthele futhi zingabamba iqhaza emsebenzini ohlanganyelwe uFalangi, kunjalo, ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Njengoba ingqikithi yabasebenzi, umcwaningi ehlobanisa imibuzo yobudlelwano phakathi kocansi, abheka izinkinga zomshado. I-Fourier yafuna ukuthi imihlangano yamantombazane nezinsizwa ezisendleleni yokusebenza yayihlanganisa isiphetho somshado. Emshadweni, isazi sefilosofi asisibonanga isidingo. UmFulentshi obhekwayo: Intsha kungenzeka ukuthi ishintshe abalingani abaningana ngaphambi kokudala umndeni, futhi isithole isimo somyeni wakhe nomkakhe, abaphoqelekile ukuba bahlale bethembekile komunye nomunye.
UCharles wabanjwa izindaba zamalungelo abesifazane. Isazi sezenhlalo sikholwe ukuthi bangahlala imisebenzi ngokuya ngamakhono abo nezidingo zabo. Ukubona ubuntu 'ensimini ebuthakathaka', hhayi ingxenye yesibili yendoda, usosayensi wagcizelela ukuthi umshado wendabuko ubhujiswa kwabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Fourier ayizange iphike izinyunyana zobulili obufanayo.
Ngo-1808, umFulennali wanyathelisa incwadi ethi "Imfundiso Yokunyakaza Okune kanye Nekusasa Lendawo yonke, elichaze eminye imibono emisha. Emsebenzini, wagxeka uhlelo lwezenhlalo lwekhulu le-XVIII, waveza izithombe zeNhlangano Yekusasa. Enhliziyweni yendawo yonke, isazi sefilosofi sabela ukunyakaza okune ezazizosiza ubuntu busuke ezingxabanweni zenhlalo ziye ekuvumelaneni komhlaba.
Ukushona
I-Socialist-Utopist yafa ngo-Okthoba 10, 1837. Usosayensi wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseMontmartre, lapho amathuna abunye amabanga omphakathi. Imbangela yokufa ayifakiwe.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1803 - "" Izwekazi Lase-Triumvirate Nezwe Laphakade Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu "
- I-1808 - "Ithiyori yokunyakaza okune kanye nezakhe zendawo yonke"
- Ngo-1822 - "Qapha Ekhaya Nezolimo Association"
- Ngo-1822 - "Ukukhangisa Kwezwe Elisha"
- Ngo-1827 - "I-Geographic Mnemonic"
- Ngo-1836 - "Imboni Yamanga"