I-Biograge
UMarina Svalova, umgibeli wokuqala wendiza e-USSR, ungomunye wamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabesifazane abanobuqhawe ama-biophiotic athola impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Uqonde ukumelana nendiza endabeni ye-Reich yesithathu - ngenxa yalokho umuntu ojwayelene noJoseph Stalin, ngenza imvume yokwenza ama-airlocks abesifazane. Ngesibindi nesibindi salo esingenamkhawulo, umthakathi ebusuku unikeze isihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union, igama lakhe lalihlangene naphakade.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMarina Malinina (rublova - isibongo emshadweni) wazalwa ngoMashi 28, 1912 eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha ye-USSR. Inhloko yomndeni uMikhail Dmitrieving wathola izimpilo zobuqambi - ezenziwa ku-Opera futhi wafundisa abanye ukuba bahlabelele. Enye yezigceme kwakuyindodakazi yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo, okuvela emvelweni eyayinezwi elimnandi.
Ngubani owaziyo ukuthi i-bikail kaMarina ibizoqala kanjani ukube uMikhail Malinin waletha umbono wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni futhi wayezokwenza umculi we-opera kuye. Kepha la madoda abengekho ngo-Okthoba 1919: wadutshulwa phansi ngesithuthuthu wafa.
Ukunakekela izingane, uMarina Malinina nomfowethu odala umfowethu Roman (1908), balala emahlombe kamama - uthisha u-Anna Privedonovna (ezincekwini zaseLyubatovich). Umholo ongenandaba nokwanele ukuqinisekisa impilo enethezekile, ngakho-ke abafana kufanele baye emsebenzini kusenesikhathi.
Kusuka eminyakeni engu-17 ubudala uMarina wasebenza esitshalweni samakhemikhali e-burtysky. Lapha wahlangana noNjiniyela uSergey Raskovov okhangayo futhi, efuna ukwenza lula ukholo lomndeni wakhe, ashade.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
USergey Ivanovich Rudov waba ngumyeni kaMarina Malinina ngo-Ephreli 1929. Basheshe baqonda impilo yomuntu siqu futhi baba ngabazali bentombazane kaTatiana. Ingane ehlanganayo ayizange idumise umfazi esinqumweni esingokomzimba - ngo-Okthoba 1935 wacela isehlukaniso.
Ubudlelwano obuyindida bunqunywe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokulibala. Kwakungekho mibuzo yokuthi ngubani ozofundisa indodakazi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi uMarina Skalov wanikezelwa ngokuphelele endizeni. Kodwa-ke, waqhubeka nokuvakashela uTatiana. Emithonjeni evulekile kunezithombe zazo ezihlangene zango-1938.
Kamuva, indodakazi yokuqhekeka yaduma ngegama lesibongo salowo oshade naye njengoTatyana Golenko.
Inkonzo Yembutho Ebomvu
Ngo-1932, ngemuva kwekhefu lokuya komama, uMarina wathola ilebhu eLabhorethri le-Air Navigation ye-Air Force Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky. Ngaleso sikhathi wahlangana nentshiseko yakhe eyinhloko - indiza. Ukuqhekeka kwehlukanisa umoya ngosayizi "wezinyoni zensimbi", wayefuna ukuzithanda futhi asheshe abheke esibhakabhakeni esingapheli.UMarina, oholele ekunqobeni isibhakabhaka, wangena ekuqeqesheni izincwadi eLeningrad Institute of Civil Air Fleet Onjiniyela. Futhi ngo-1934 waba yi-navigator, kwathi ngo-1935 ezifundweni ezengeziwe - nomshayeli wendiza.
Ama-1930s e-USSR abonakaliswa ukuqhakaza kwezindiza. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke umuntu walandelwa yimpumelelo yeValery Chkalov, u-Alexander Anisimov, uMikhail Gromova. UMarina Svalova, uValentina Grisodulova noPolina Osipenzo baba ukufana kwabo nowesifazane. Kwakungukuthi ngo-1938 e-Plane Ant-37 "Motherland" efakwe irekhodi lomhlaba le-Flight Range. I- "Dame" Crew emahoreni angama-26 yehlula ama-6 450 km phakathi kweMoscow neMpumalanga Ekude Ngaphandle Kokudluliselwa Nokuvuselelwa.
Ngesibindi nobuqhawe, okuboniswe endizeni, ukwakheka kwe- "Motherland" kwanikezwa isihloko samaqhawe eSoviet Union. Owokuqala wahlonishwa nguValentina Grisodubov njenge-Commander ye-Ant-37. Igobolondo laba owesibili emlandweni we-USSR, owesifazane owanikezwa "inkanyezi yegolide". Egangeni lokuthandwa, wakhipha i-autobiography "Inothi navigorman" (1939).
Enkonzweni embuthweni obomvu, uMarina weza ngokufanayo ngo-1938. Ngasikhathi sinye, wayengumenzeli we-NKVD. Ekuqaleni kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, wafinyelelwa nguLieutenant ophezulu.
Lapho uHitlerian Germany, ngaphandle kwesikhangiso eselwa impi, wahlasela i-USSR, konke ukuvikela kukababa kwasukuma. UMarina Svalova wasebenzisa amathuba eziteshini zokuxhumana ngoJoseph Stalin ukuhlela izindiza zabesifazane ze-Yak-1, lapho i-Limbia Stalingrad yasebenza khona - uLydia Litvak, PE-2 noPo-2. Ingxenye yokugcina yokulwa ibizwa nge- "Night Witches", ukusuka lapha kanye nesidlaliso se-Pilot-Navigator.
Esikhathini esithile ngemuva kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uSvalois wahlanganyela nezinkinga zenhlangano. Isibonelo, izikhali ze-PE-2, azihlobisa yena. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwenombolo yomoya i-Air Striker 34 ibhaliwe i-Su-2. Ingxoxo noKhomishani Wabantu BoMkhakha Wezindiza, u-Alexei Shahulunin, wakwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubabeka esikhundleni sama-PE-2 amasha.
Kwakungelula ukukwazi kahle imishini, kepha ku-1943 entsha, amafayela endiza e-PE-2 ayemi ngomumo ukundiza eStalingrad.
Endizeni ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1942, "abathakathi ebusuku" ebusweni bukaRubin noLomananova abazange babambe iqhaza. Izindiza zabo zazinephutha. UMarina akazange ayeke amantombazane akhe enkingeni - wachitha iqembu elikhulu eStalingrad wabuyela eMoscow. KwakungoJanuwari 4, 1943.
Ukushona
Ngenxa yomoya onamandla kanye ne-purgi, izindiza zezindiza ezisele ze-pe-2 zagcwala esibhakabhakeni esidlweni sakusihlwa ngoJanuwari 4, 1943, yize ukuthunyelwa kwahlelwa ekuntweleni kokusa. Endleleni, abasebenzi bagijimela efwini elikhulu. UMarina Svaloova ongenasibindi unikeze iqembu ukuthi lenze indlela yakhe phambili futhi kwaqala kwehlukaniswe ngobumsulwa.
UGyubin noLosonov namaCrew bathoswe ngokuphepha endaweni yokuvuselelwa, kepha umphathi we-airlock Pe-2 akabonanga ndawo.
NgoJanuwari 7, 1943, ibhomu elihlanganisiwe laseRubalov elitholakale kude nedolobhana laseMikhailovka esifundeni saseSaratov. Ngokubambisana naye, i-kirill hil, i-radist nikolai erofeev nonjiniyela vladimir kruglv. Manje kunetshe lesikhumbuzo esizeni sale qembu.
Ubusuku obusuku kwakuwuphawu lwendiza yabesifazane e-USSR, ngakho-ke ihhovisi lomshushisi eliyinhloko lebutho elibomvu lithathe uphenyo lwezizathu zokufa kwakhe. IKhomishini Yesazi yathola ukuthi ukugeleza okuphelele kukaMarina Rubalo kwakungamahora angama-60 kuphela - amahora angama-30 esikoleni sendiza nasebutholeni le-PE-2. Ngamanye amagama, wayengenawo amakhono anele okuqala ancintisana nesimo sezulu.
Ngokwemiyalo ye-Air Force, ngokubonakala okuphansi, izindiza kufanele ziphenduke zibuyele esisekelweni, uma uphethiloli owanele. Uma kungenjalo - iya ku- "Belly" ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa izimo zezulu. UMarina waphuthuma phambili, wagxeka ahambisa i-airlock yakhe. URubin noLoomanova noma uLucky, noma baba ngabashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi ngokwengeziwe.
Naphezu kokubhekisisa okukhulu, okubalulekile, wangcwatshwa ngawo wonke ama-honor. Uthuli luhlala e-necropolis eKremlin Wall esikwele esibomvu eMoscow.
Ukukhumbula
- I-Saratov School No. 93 eqanjwe nge-MM Oblova
- Izikhumbuzo zikaMarina rublova ezingenelweni, u-Oblovo
- Ipulangwe leSikhumbuzo edolobhaneni u-Oblovovo
- Imigwaqo, i-Alleys noMarina Raskoy Square emadolobheni amaningi e-USSR yangaphambili
- Idolobhana laseRaskovo esifundeni saseSaratov esifundeni saseSaratov naseSushansky esifundeni saseMagadan
- I-Tambov ephakeme Izempi Yezempi Yezempi Yezihambisi Zabahambi Abahamba Ngezabahambisi OnakaMarina Raskoy
- 125th Onogada Borisov Order Suvorov and Kutuzov ukukha kanye nesiteleka somoya seBomber
- Steamer "Marina Svalova"
- Indiza yokuqeqesha i-Navigator Navigator nendiza yangaphambili yeBomber endiza "Marina Svalova" Thayipha i-TU-134SH
-Zuzayo
- Ibheji "Isikhulu Esihloniphekile se-NKVD"
- Indondo "Star Golden"
- Ama-oda amabili e-lenin
- Ukuhleleka kwempi yokuthanda izwe 1st