I-Biograge
IHannibal yi-Carthaginsky Commander edume kanye nomphathi we-antiquity. Izazi-mlando ezibizwa ngokuthi yinqubomgomo yochwepheshe wezempi wamasosha, onamaqhinga akhe afunda abaholi bezempi abadumile baseRoma yasendulo. Wayengazi ukunqoba kuphela, kodwa futhi nokulahlekelwa yisithunzi. Namuhla, igama leCarthageanin libekwe emugqeni owodwa no-Alexander Macedonia, uJulia Caesar nezinye izibalo zesakhiwo se-antiquity.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umkhuzi wazalwa ngo-247 BC. Ns. eCarthage. Uyise kaYise waba nguHamiLkar wabiza uBarna warba ("umbani"), odume ngemikhankaso yamasosha ngokumelene namaRoma. Ososayensi bahlulekile ukuthola ukuthi ngubani owayengumama uHannibal. Ukwahlulela emibhalweni egciniwe, waba yindodana yokuqala emndenini, kodwa hhayi ingane yokuqala kaBarkA: Amantombazane amathathu avela ngaphambili, amagama awo awagcinwanga. Abafowethu be-warlord yesikhathi esizayo baba yi-gasdlinal ne-magon.
Uhlobo lukaHamilkar lwaya ephepheni eliphakeme kakhulu le-aristocracy. Ngokweminye imithombo, uBharka wayenendodana yesine, eyabulawa ngenxa yomhlatshelo ngo-240 BC. Ns. Iqiniso leli qiniso lihlala liyimfihlakalo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, indoda ngesinqumo soMkhandlu Wabadala uCarthagena yahamba nomkhankaso wamasosha eSicily.
Lapho uHannibal eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, uyise wathatha indodana yendodana yakhe eSpain. Ngaphambi kokusuka (ngokusho kwenganekwane), uHamiLkar wafuna le ndlalifa ukuze afunge ngaphambi konkulunkulu ukuthi abe yisitha seRoma kusukela kulo mzuzu. Kamuva, isithembiso somfana sabizwa ngokuthi "uHannibal ngesifungo." Njengoba sekusendaweni yaseSpain, i-warlord yesikhathi esizayo yayihlala ekamu lamasosha, yafunda emaqenjini anolwazi.
Ukuqeqeshwa komfana nakho kwagcinwe lapha. Othisha benza amaCarthaginians namaGrikhi amenyiwe. Ngokushesha uHannibal, kanye nomfowethu omncane, waqala ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini. Kwenye yalezi zimpi ezivimbezelwe uGeliki, ubaba wabo waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele emuva. Ukuvikela amadodana, uHamiLkar wathakazelisa izitha, wabhekisa emfuleni, kodwa waminza. Abafana bathunyelwe ngengxenye yebutho komunye umgwaqo basindiswa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Hannibal iyimfihlo evaliwe. UTity Libya wabhala emibhalweni yakhe ukuthi, ukuba eSpain, umkhuzi washada nowesifazane wendawo. Ngokusobala, le ntokazi yabizwa ngokuthi yi-IMILKA - ngakho-ke ibiza umlingani wenkondlo yaseCarthaginian Carthaginia antique yamandla e-Italik. Lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye isikhashana - uya e-Italy, iqhinga elingasafezeki nesithandwa sakhe.IziKronike zezinkolo zasendulo ezedlule zibangelwa ubuqhawe ububele obukhulu, obusolwa ngokuchezukwa ngokobulili. Kwabikwa, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi edolobheni lase-Apuli laseSalapia, uHannibal wayenenoveli enesifebe sendawo.
Umsebenzi wezempi
Emva kokufa kukaHamayeli, umkhuzi omusha weCarthage waba ngumkhwenyana wakhe wangu-Gisdrubal. Wakhonza isikhashana - ngokushesha le ndoda yabulawa. Isikhundla saya eHannibal ngevoti. Ngokushesha umphathi wahlela umkhankaso onqobayo, inhloso yawo okwandiswa kwezindawo zaseCarthaginian engxenyeni esenyakatho yePeninsula yasePyreneral.
Amandla ezinhlamvu zakhe ayela elalilalela amadolobha amaningi, futhi kuphela kubahlali abasenkingeni abavikeleka inkululeko. Ngesicelo sabo, amanxusa avela eRoma afike kaningi eGunnibal, ebefuna iCarthaginian ukuba iyeke udlame. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi ngasinye lapho izingxoxo zingenamsebenzi. Ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa ezinyangeni eziyi-8, idolobha linikezela. Amadoda amadala endawo abulawa, futhi abesifazane nezingane bathengiswe ebugqilini.
Ngemuva kokusebenza ngezempi okuphumelelayo, umphathi we-Commander wacabanga ngohlelo lokusebenza ekuhlaselweni kwe-Italy. Amasosha kaCarthage kwadingeka anqobe amaPyrenees. Endleleni, abalwa kwakufanele bahlanganyele nezinkohliso ezinezizwe ezincane ezakhiwe yile nsimu. Ngemuva kwenguquko ende ezintabeni, amabutho alahlekelwe amabutho amaningi, kepha akuzange ayeke uHannibal esifisweni sokunqoba iRoma.
Ukufika komkhuzi e-Italy kwaba ukumangala futhi kwabekwa ukuqala kwempi yesibili ye-punic. Umkhuzi wamaRoma wePublishi waseKornelius Scipipius kulesi sikhathi eSpain uzothunyelwa ngokushesha amabutho. Kepha inhlanhla ayihambanga namaRoma, futhi, ithwele ukulahleka, yaphoqeleka ukuba iphinde ibuye emuva.
Lapho esewine impi elandelayo, uHannibal wathuthela eRoma. Ngokushesha waba nenhlanhla yokubiza amasosha eFabia Maxim futhi afake uphawu lweRufa. Kodwa-ke, iCarthageaneanina yehlulekile ukwephula amabutho ezitha: UFabiy wakwazi ukuphoqa amaqhinga ukuba ayeke impi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isosha leNdodana kaHamilkar lacishe laqeda ukugcinwa kokudla. Ngemuva kwalokho umphathi wanquma ukushintsha amaqhinga abheke eCannes.
I-The Cannes yaphenduka yaba ngomunye wabaqhakazile e-biography ye-Hannibal. Isu elicatshangwe ngokucophelela, amabutho okwakha ngendlela ekhethekile, ngesikela, senza ukuba linqobe ngokushesha imigqa yamaRoma. Okokugcina alahlekelwe yizinkulungwane ezingama-50 empini, kuyilapho uCarthage elahlekelwe yizinkulungwane eziyi-6. Abanye balandela le mpi, umnqobi owayeqamba amadolobha amasha.
Kodwa-ke, eNola naseKapuye, yaqothulwa. Idolobha lokugcina elithathwe yiCarthaginians laqala ukuhlazisa kwabaseRoma. Ngenxa yalokho, i-tonspeole yanikezela. Lokhu kwehlulwa kwanciphisa igunya le-Hannibal phakathi kwababambiswano. Kusukela ku-210 kuye ku-n. Ns. Umkhuzi wahola izimpi ngempumelelo ehlukahlukene. Izwe, lidilizwa yibutho lakhe, kancane kancane labuya kwabaseRoma.
Ukulungisa lesi simo, i-warlord yathumela incwadi eya e-Brat Gasdrubal ngocingo oluzayo nokusiza. Kodwa-ke, lo mlayezo wathathwa, futhi uHadide wawela maduze enkundleni yempi. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabutho kaScipio abheke e-Afrika, lapho amasosha amabutho ama-Hannibal asuselwa khona, futhi adale ukushaya okuchotshoziwe.
Esefundile ngalokhu, indodana kaHamalilkar yaya emazweni ase-Afrika. Ngesikhathi sezimpi, ukunqotshwa kwe-Hannibal ngesizathu ku-202 BC. Ns. Futhi izingxoxo ze-Commander zakwazi ukuvuma futhi ziphethe umhlaba. Ngake waqeda impi yesibili ye-punic.
Ukushona
UHannibal, wasinda ngemuva kokudlula kwe-Carthage Roma, waya ekudingisweni. Wakhuluma neNkosi yaseSyria Antiyoki III nombusi kaViphini Pusiy. Bobabili benze ngokumelene nethonya lamaRoma. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwashintsha imibono yakhe futhi kwakhipha indawo ye-Commander emasosheni. Ngabona ukuthi ngizungezwe, uHannibal wamukela ubuthi ovela kuma-pars, ahlala egqoke naye. Imbangela yokufa kwe-Commander kwakuwubuthi.Ukukhumbula
Izincwadi:
- Ngo-1941 - "Hannibal", umlobi uJack Lindsay
- 1960 - "Ngahamba neHannibal", umlobi uHans Bauman
- Ngo-1963 - "Izindlovu Hannibal", umlobi u-Alexander Nemirovsky
- 1983 - "Hannibal, indodana Hamilkar", umlobi georgy Gulia
- 1989 - "Hannibal. AmaRoma Mayelana Carthage ", umlobi uGispert Haafts
- 1995 - "Hannibal", umlobi Ross Lekkki
- Ngo-1998 - I-SCYPIO African, umlobi uRoss Lekki
- 2000 - "ICarthage", Umlobi Ross Lekki
Amafilimu:
- 1914 - "Kabiria"
- Ngo-1937 - "I-African Shyvunguy - ukunqotshwa kweHannibal"
- 1955 - "Sweetheart Jupiter"
- 1959 - "Hannibal"
- 1997 - "Impi Enkulu YeHannibal"
- Ngo-2001 - "Hannibal - indoda eyayizonda i-rome"
- Ngo-2005 - "Hannibal ngokumelene neRoma"
- Ngo-2005 - "Umlando Weqiniso Wan Hannibal"
- Ngo-2006 - "Hannibal: Umkhuzi odumile"