I-Biograge
ISherwood Anderson - Umlobi waseMelika-Noresist. Uveze ezindabeni zakhe zabantu besikhathi sabantu - abakhubazekile ngokuziphatha abangakwazi ukumelana nomhlaba, lapho abambamba khona. Ubuhlakani bakhe basiza ukwakhiwa kwalabo babhali njengoWilliam Falkner, uThomas Wolfe, uJohn Steinbeck noRay Bradbury.Ubuntwana nentsha
USherwood Anderson wazalwa ngonyaka we-1876, Septhemba 13th. Wayeyingane yesithathu emndenini kaClok. Umndeni wawumpofu, umama wadonswa omakhelwane abacebile ngokwengeziwe, futhi uBaba kwadingeka athathwe ubuciko obuhlukile ukondla umkakhe nezingane eziyisikhombisa. I-Sherwood, isiza abazali, idlule izinkomo, isakaza amaphephandaba, yenza umdwebo wokupenda.
U-Anderson wayevame ukuthutha, kepha hhayi kude kakhulu - ngaphakathi kwesimo sika-Ohio, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokubheka ngo-1883 esuka eCamden, lapho kwazalwa khona iSherwood, eClyde. Lo muzi uzokhumbula umfana oneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Umjikelezo wezindaba eziphathelene nedolobha eliqanjiwe laseWineseburg uzobhalwa ngokuvela empilweni eClyde.
Ukwakheka kwesibili kweSherwood ebusheni akutholanga. Lapho uBaba efa, kwadingeka ngiqukathe umndeni ngokushintsha lo msebenzi. Kwathi ngo-1895, umama washona. Kwadlula cishe unyaka, futhi umncane u-Anderson waya empini yaseSpain-America, wakhonza eCuba ngonyaka we-1898-1899.
Lapho impi iphela, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo waya eSkyfield, naye owayese-Ohio, futhi wafunda eWitterberg College phakathi nonyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho washintsha indawo yokuhlala kanye nomsebenzi kaningana. Uthisha omhlophe waseSkyfield wasiza umhlophe wasiza insizwa ukuba ithande izincwadi futhi yaba yiPrototype yezinhlamvu zabesifazane eziningana zenoveli yakhe.
I-biography yeSherwood Anderson ifaka phakathi umsebenzi omfishane enkampanini encane yephasela, lapho ngo-1912 washintsha isikhundla somphathi esimweni somnikazi. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1913, insizwa ivele ivele iqine futhi iya eChicago. Lapho, ubhala imibhalo yezinkampani zokukhangisa futhi ngokufana kuqala ukudala izindaba zazo.
Izincwadi
Umbhali wazama amabutho akhe eProse kusukela ngo-1910, kepha le misebenzi ayizange ishicilelwe. Kusukela ngo-1914, izincwadi zezindaba ezincane ziqala, kwathi ngo-1916, abafundi bahlangana nenoveli yokuqala u-Anderson "indodana yamafasitela eWindows Maczerson" - umlando ongokoqobo wendoda esuka e-Iowa. Umkhiqizo olandelayo omakiwe kwakuyinoveli "emlenzeni!". Le ndaba imayelana nokuthi impilo yabasebenzi emhlabeni, lapho kubuswa khona izindinganiso zezimboni.Ubuhlobo bokukhiqiza nesikhathi sokusebenza bubonwa kusuka ku-Quote:
"Abantu babenjengezingcezu zensimbi, lapho izimbobo ziqhuba khona. Baphinde balahlwa lapho thile eTrolley. "Lesi siqeshana esivela ekuqoqweni kwenoveli Anderson "Winesburg, e-Ohio", enyatheliswa ngo-1919. Yize encwadini futhi asikho icebo lokuphela kokuphela, izindaba zihlanganiswa nombono ojwayelekile nezinhlamvu ezisuka endabeni eyodwa ziye kwenye.
Umbhali ukhombisa emadolobheni amancane aseMelika. Usakaza umbono wesizungu nokudumazeka kwabantu abaphethwe yingxabano phakathi kwenhlangano yaleli khulu leminyaka lezimoto zekhulu lemizwelo. Ku-novel "amabhola avela ephepheni" achazwa nguDkt Refi, edonsa wonke amarekhodi akhe emabhola. Sigcizelela isizungu sakhe nokuhluleka ukwaba abanye imicabango nemizwa nabanye, futhi wonke umuntu ubheka ukuthi ayinakuqhathaniswa ne-eccentric.
Ithalente elikhethekile lomlobi kwakuwukulandisa ngendlela yenoveli emfushane. Amaqoqo "Ukugubha amaqanda" kanye "nokufa ehlathini" aqukethe imiyalezo esuka enhliziyweni eya kumfundi, ibangela uzwela ngekusasa lamaqhawe.
I-bibliography ka-Anderson nayo ifaka amanoveli "abampofu abamhlophe", "imishado eminingi", "ukuhleka okumnyama", okubhalwe ngo-1920 futhi kamuva. Kodwa-ke, njalo ngonyaka ukugxekwa bekungaphansi komdlandla. Izincwadi zokugcina zomlobi zamukelwa ngaphandle komdlandla.
Ngokusho kwabathandekayo, umbhali wasebenza kahle imisebenzi futhi kancane kancane wahlangana neqiniso lokuthi inqubo yokwakha umbhalo inzima kakhulu kunabanye. Photo Anderson 1920-1930s Khombisa kugxile futhi ukhathele.
UDmitry Bykov ohlelweni lwe- "One" olubizwa ngokuthi umlobi wokuqala wangempela waseMelika. U-Andrei Astanzaturov kumagazini "Neva" wabhala nge-Anderson:
"Lolu hlobo lokuqamba okudala, lulahlekile phakathi kwezinto, lubavuse futhi luvusene nabo, lungafaniswa nokwazi kwengane eyakha umhlaba wawo okhanyayo ngaphandle kwalutho. Noma ukwazi komprofethi ... ".Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1904, uSherwood washada noCornelia Pratt Lane, owamnika izingane ezintathu.
Ngo-1916, washiya umkakhe nezingane, eshada ne-tennessee mitchell, kwathi ngo-1924 wadala omunye umndeni eNew Orleans. Unkosikazi wesithathu u-Anderson, u-Elizabeth Préll, wasebenza njengesitolo sezincwadi sokuphatha. Lo mshado wathatha iminyaka emi-5.
Ngo-1933, impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali yagcwaliswa ngomunye umcimbi. Wathatha okokugcina, u-Elinor Cocouquayer waba yinhloko yakhe.
Ngaphezu kokuhambahamba eChicago nasemadolobheni ase-Ohio, u-Anderson kabili, ngo-1921 nango-1927, bavakashele iYurophu, kodwa baba nje njengomhambi. Ngo-1926, wathenga ipulazi ekuhlaziseni okuhle kukaMarion eVirginia nasempilweni yakhe yonke yachitha lapho.
Ukushona
Ngo-1941, u-Anderson Sherwood nomkakhe bahamba ngomkhumbi emkhunjini baya eSouth America. NgoMashi 8, umlobi washona ngesikhathi umkhumbi udlula esiteshini sasePanama, imbangela yokufa yaba yiPeritonitis. Ungcwabe ama-themelist emathuneni edolobha laseMarion.Amacaphuna
- "UJese wayenamandla kuphela. Wayazi ukuthi angabusa kanjani kwabanye, kepha wayengazi okuningi. "
- "Akakaze athole lokho ayekufuna empilweni, nalokho ayekufuna, yena uqobo wayengazi."
- "Ingane kulo lonke isikhathi libuhlungu, lingena ngokoqobo."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1916 - "Indodana yeWindows McPherson"
- Ngo-1917 - "kwaqala!"
- Ngo-1918 - "Chants Meving-American"
- 1919 - "I-Winesburg, Ohio"
- 1920 - "Abampofu Abamhlophe"
- 1921 - "Ukugubha Amaqanda"
- 1923 - "Amahhashi Nabantu"
- 1923 - "Imishado Eminingi"
- 1924 - "Indaba Yethegi"
- Ngo-1925 - "Ukuhleka Okumnyama"
- Ngo-1926 - "I-TAR: Yezingane eMidwest"
- Ngo-1932 - "Ngasohlangothini lwesifiso"
- 1933 - "Ukufa Ehlathini"
- Ngo-1936 - "Imidwebo yeKit Brandon"
- 1942 - "Izinkumbulo zeSherwood Anderson"