I-Biograge
U-Omar Khayyam ungusosayensi odumile nesazifilosofi, edumile ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo ephumelelayo ezindaweni ezinjalo njengomlando, izibalo, izinkanyezi, izinkanyezi, izincwadi ngisho nokupheka. Waba yisibalo sophawu emlandweni wase-Iran nakulo lonke iMpumalanga. Phakathi koshushiso jikelele (i-analogue yale nhlangano), ukucindezelwa kweLelelodum encane kakhulu impilo kanye nendoda enkulu enjalo yasebenza, umoya wamahhala afakazela inzalo amakhulu eminyaka edlule. Bakhanyisela abantu, abashukumise, basize bazisize bathole injongo yokuphila - konke lokhu kwenziwa ngu-Omar Hayyam kubantu bakhe iminyaka eminingi, kwaba ngomunye wabadali bezimanga zezamasiko, zenhlalo nesayensi eSamark.
Impilo yakhe yayiyimpumelelo eyengeziwe, futhi evelele - ezindaweni eziphikisanayo eziphikisanayo zomsebenzi ukuthi kukhona inguqulo ekhona u-Omar Khayam ayengakaze abe khona. Kunomcabango wesibili - ukuthi ngaphansi kwaleli gama kunabantu abaningana, izazi zezibalo, ososayensi, izazi zefilosofi kanye nezimbongi. Vele, ngomlando ulandelela ngokunembile umsebenzi womuntu owayephila eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule, akulula. Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi bokuthi u-Omar Khayyam akulona inganekwane, kepha umuntu okhona ngempela onamakhono avelele, owake waphila amakhulu eminyaka edlule.
I-Biography yakhe iyaziwa - yize kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwayo.
Indoda yazalwa ngo-1048 e-Iran. Umndeni ka-Omari wawuphelele futhi unamandla, uBaba kanye nogogo nomfana beza bevela emndenini wasendulo wezingcweti, ngakho-ke kwakukhona imali emndenini nasekungcebweni. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umfana wakhombisa amakhono okuhlaziya ahlukile kanye namathalente athile, kanye nezimpawu ezinjengobuhlakani, ilukuluku, ingqondo nobuhlakani.
Wafunda kusenesikhathi ukuze afunde, iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili efunda ngokuphelele futhi efunda incwadi engcwele yamaSulumane - i-Quran. U-Omar uthole imfundo enhle ngaleso sikhathi, waba yinkosi yeZwi futhi wathuthukisa ngempumelelo amakhono akhe omfihlo. I-Higyam iqonda kahle emthethweni wamaSulumane, yazi ifilosofi. Kusukela esemncane waduma e-Iran yi-connoisseur ye-Quran, ngakho-ke balashelwe usizo ekuhunyushweni kwezinye izinhlinzeko nemigqa enzima kakhulu.
Ebusheni bakhe, uKhayam ulahlekelwa nguyise nonina, ngokuzimela aqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwizibalo kanye nesayensi yefilosofi, ethengisa indlu nomhlangano wabazali. Ufuna igceke lombusi, uthola umsebenzi esigodlweni futhi iminyaka eminingi ucwaninga futhi wathuthukisa ngobuhlakani ngaphansi kokugadwa koMuntu ophambili e-Ifahan.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
I-Omar Khayama ayilona ize ebizwa ngokuthi usosayensi oyingqayizivele. IPeru yakhe ingumnikazi wezesayensi inqwaba yezihloko ezihluke ngokuphelele. Waqhuba izifundo zezinkanyezi, ngenxa yalokho adonsele kukhalenda elinembe kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uthuthukise uhlelo lokufunda izinkanyezi oluhlotshaniswa nedatha ephumayo ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, eyayisetshenziselwa ukudala izincomo zokudla kwabamele izibonakaliso ezihlukile ze-zodiac futhi baphinde babhala incwadi yezindlela zokupheka ezimnandi nezisebenzisekayo.
Khayama unesifiso esikhulu kwiMathematics, intshisekelo yakhe iphumelele ekuhlaziyeni kwe-Euclide's theory, kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokubala umlobi lwezibalo zesikwele nezi-cubic. Uzibonakalise ngempumelelo ama-theorems, ahole ukubala, adale ukuhlukaniswa kwezibalo. Imisebenzi yakhe yesayensi ku-Algebra naseJiyometri isaziswa kakhulu emphakathini ochwepheshe wesayensi. Futhi ikhalenda elithuthukisiwe lisebenza e-Iran.
Izincwadi
Izizukulwane zathola izincwadi eziningana namaqoqo ezincwadi ezabhalwa nguRightyam. Kuze kube manje, akwaziwa ukuthi zingaki izinkondlo ezivela kumaqoqo ezakhiwa u-Omar. Iqiniso ngukuthi amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ngemuva kokushona kuka-Omar Khayama, ama-quatrain amaningi ane-couments "Kramol" acatshangelwa ukuthi imbongi ethile yokugwema isijeziso sababhali bangempela. Ngakho-ke ubuhlakani be-Folk baba ngumsebenzi wembongi enkulu. Umlobi waseKhayam uvame ukukhuliswa kangako, kepha kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi nakanjani waloba imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-300 kwifomu lenkondlo.
Njengamanje, igama likaPopama lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nama-quatrains agcwele incazelo ejulile, abizwa nge- "Rubai". Le misebenzi yenkondlo ivelele ngokuhambisana nesizinda somunye umsebenzi wesikhathi lapho ngihlala futhi ngihlanganise u-Omar.
Umehluko omkhulu wokubhala kwabo ubukhona balowo mlobi "Mina" - umlingiswa we-lyrical, ongumfazi olula, hhayi ukufeza noma yini ebuhlungu, kepha ekhombisa ngokuphila nangekusasa. Ngaphambi kukaKhayam, imisebenzi yemibhalo yabhalwa kuphela ngamakhosi namaqhawe, hhayi ngabantu abajwayelekile.
Umlobi uphinde asebenzise izincwadi ezingajwayelekile - emavesini azikho izinkulumo zezinculi, izithombe zendabuko ze-East kanye nokuzithoba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umbhali ubhala ulimi olulula futhi ongabizi, akha imicabango eziphakanyiselwe ezinengqondo ezingalayishwa ngokweqile nge-syntax noma izakhiwo ezengeziwe. Umfutho kanye noClearler - Lezi yizici eziyinhloko ze-stylistic zaseKhayam, eziqokomisa izinkondlo zakhe.
Ukuba yisazi sezibalo, u-Omar ucabanga ngokunengqondo futhi ngokungaguquguquki emisebenzini yakhe. Waqamba ngezihloko ezihluke ngokuphelele - emaqoqweni akhe kukhona izinkondlo zothando, ngoNkulunkulu, mayelana nekusasa, mayelana nomphakathi nendawo yomuntu ojwayelekile kuyo.
Ukubukwa kuka-Omar Khayama
Isikhundla sikaRacmama maqondana nemiqondo eyisisekelo ye-Medieval Society yangefani kakhulu kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuba ngumyeni odumile usosayensi, akazange aqonde ngokuqinile emithanjeni yasobala futhi akazange anake okwakwenzeka ezungeze ushintsho nezitayela, ezazingena ezangene ezazingena olwandle ngokuqinile eminyakeni edlule yokuphila.
Imfundiso yenkolo ihlala kahle kakhulu - waveza ngesibindi imicabango yakhe engeyona eyejwayelekile, ekhazinyuliswe inani lomuntu ojwayelekile nokubaluleka kwezifiso nezidingo zakhe. Kodwa-ke, umbhali wahlukanisa ngokuphelele uNkulunkulu nokholo ezikhungweni zenkolo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayenawo wonke umuntu emphefumulweni wakhe, akavumanga ukumshiya, futhi evame ukubhala ngalesi sihloko.
Isikhundla sikaKhayama maqondana nenkolo ephikisana ngokujwayelekile, okwabangela izingxabano eziningi ezizungeze ubuntu bakhe. U-Omar walifunda ngokucophelela incwadi engcwele ngokucophelela, ngenxa yalokho wayitolika ama-postulates futhi angavumelani nezinye zazo. Kwabangela ulaka lwabefundisi, obheka njengembongi "eyingozi" into.
Uthando lwaluwumqondo wesibili obalulekile emsebenzini wombhali omkhulu. Izitatimende zakhe ngalo mfo oqinile kwesinye isikhathi zaziphuthuma, waphuthuma ekuncomeni kwalo muzwa nento yakhe - owesifazane - ngaphambi kokuchotshozwa okuvame ukuba nothando kuphuka impilo. Mayelana nabesifazane uMlobi abehlale ephendula kuphela ngendlela eyakhayo, ngokusho kwakhe, umfazi udinga ukuthanda futhi akwazise, ajabulise, ngoba owesifazane othandekayo wabantu bayinani eliphakeme kakhulu.
Uthando ngomlobi bekungumuzwa we-multifaceted - wayevame ukubhala ngaye ohlakeni lokubonisana ngobungani. Ubudlelwano obunobungane be-lobster nabo bubaluleke kakhulu, wababheka njengeze. Umbhali uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi angakhapheli abangani, akwazise ngakho, hhayi ukushintshana ngokuqashelwa komoya ohlangothini futhi kungakukhapheli ukuzethemba kwawo. Yize kunjalo, abangane beqiniso bancane. Umlobi ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi umuntu angathanda ukuba yedwa, "okutholwe ngumuntu."
I-Highy iphikisana ngokunengqondo ngakho-ke ibona ukungabi nabulungisa komhlaba, iphawula ubumpumputhe babantu ezindinganisweni eziphambili empilweni, futhi kufike esiphethweni sokuthi izinto eziningi ezichazwe ngokwemvelo empeleni zichazwe ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo. Iqhawe le-lyrical ka-Omar Khayam liyindoda ebiza ukholo ofuna ukuzihlambulula, alula ngezidingo futhi angenamkhawulo kumathuba omqondo wakhe nokubonisana. Ulula futhi usondele, uthanda iwayini nezinye injabulo eziqondakalayo zokuphila.
Ukuphikisana ngencazelo yempilo, u-Omar Khayam wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi wonke umuntu uyisimemo sesikhashana salo mhlaba omuhle, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukujabulela njalo okwesikhashana, ukwazisa injabulo encane nokwelapha impilo njengesipho esihle . Ukuhlakanipha kwempilo, nguHeyama, ukwamukela yonke imicimbi kanye nekhono lokuthola izikhathi ezinhle kuzo.
U-Omar Khayam ungumHedonist odumile. Ngokuphikisana nomqondo wezenkolo wokulahlwa kabusha empahleni yasemhlabeni ngenxa yomusa wasezulwini, isazi sefilosofi saba nethemba lokuthi okushiwo impilo kusetshenziswa futhi kujabulise. Ngalesi, wathukuthelela umphakathi, kodwa waholela ekujabuleni kwababusi nabamele izingxenye eziphakeme kakhulu zomphakathi. By the way, i-Russian Intellicia yayithanda lo mcabango.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Yize le ndoda yanikezela ingxenye ebabazekayo yobuqambi bakhe bothando ngowesifazane, yena ngokwakhe akazange azibophezele emshadweni ukuze aqale inzalo. Unkosikazi nezingane azange bangene endleleni kaPopama, ngoba wayevame ukuhlala futhi esebenza ngaphansi kosongo lokushushiswa. Usosayensi weVollodumny nge-Middle Ages e-Iran - kwakuyinhlanganisela eyingozi.Ukuguga nokufa
Zonke izindlela nezincwadi zika-Omar Khayam, eza ezizalweni, ziwukucwaninga kuphela kwalo lonke ucwaningo lwayo olugcwele, empeleni, wayekwazi ukudlulisa abantu besikhathi sasesontweni kanye nasezizukulwanenicobe kuphela ngomlomo. Ngempela, ngalezo zinkathi ezinzima, isayensi imele ubungozi ezikhungweni zenkolo, yamukelwa futhi yaze yashushiswa.
Ngaphambi kwamehlo kaRapama, isikhathi eside sasingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwesinqumo sikaPadjah, abanye ososayensi nabacabangi babehlekiswa futhi babulawa. I-Middle Ages ayithathwa njengezeNayini yekhulu lonke, imicabango ye-anticleric yayiyingozi kubo bobabili abalaleli, nakulowo owenzekayo. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, noma yikuphi ukuqonda kwamahhala kwama-postulan ezenkolo nokuhlaziywa kwawo kungalingana kalula nokuphikisana.
Ifilosofi Omar Khayyam yaphila impilo ende ekhiqizayo, kepha iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yakhe yayingeyona intombongo kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi amashumi amade ka-Omar Khayyam asebenze futhi asebenza, ngenkathi evikelwa inkosi yezwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokufa kwakhe, u-Omar washushiswa ngenxa yemicabango yakhe eyayilingana nokuhlambalaza. Ubephila ezinsukwini zokugcina ezidinga usizo, ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwabantu abathandekayo nezindlela zokuba khona okuhle, waba cishe.
Noma kunjalo, kuze kube yilapho umoya wokugcina, isazi sefilosofi sakhuthaza imibono yakhe futhi sabandakanyeka kwisayensi, sabhala izicathulo zakhe futhi sajwayela ukujabulela impilo. Ngokwenganekwane, uPheireya washiya impilo yakhe, ngomoya ophansi, ngokoqobo, njengokungathi kusesheli, ethatha ngokweqiniso lokho okwenzeka. Lapho eneminyaka engama-83, ngolunye usuku wachitha usuku lonke ngomthandazo, wabe esegeza, emva kwalokho wafunda amazwi angcwele futhi wafa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
U-Omar Khayamu wayengeyena umuntu odumile kakhulu empilweni, futhi amakhulu amaningi eminyaka emva kokufa kwakhe, isibalo sakhe asibangeli intshisekelo phakathi kwenzalo. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu le-XIX, umcwaningi wesiNgisi u-Edward Fitzererald uthole amarekhodi embongi yasePheresiya, wabahumushela esiNgisini. Ubunye bezinkondlo bashaywe amaBrithani, atholakele, afundwa futhi wawazisa kakhulu wonke umsebenzi ka-Omar Khayam, bese zonke izindlela zakhe zesayensi. UNakhadka ushaye abahumushi nawo wonke umphakathi ofundile waseYurophu - akekho noyedwa owayengakholelwa ukuthi ezikhathini ezikude empumalanga futhi wasebenza ngososayensi ohlakaniphile kangaka.
Imisebenzi yeLobrase namuhla ihlakaze ama-aphorisms. Izingcaphuno zeJighoma zivame ukutholakala emisebenzini yaseRussia nezangaphandle yezezimali. Ngokumangazayo, "uRubai" akazange alahlekelwe ukuhambisana kwamakhulu eminyaka ngemuva kwendalo. Ulimi oluqondile nolungasindi, oluphezulu lwezihloko kanye nesithembiso esivamile okudingeka ukwazisa impilo, ukuthanda zonke izikhathi, uphile ngokuya ngemithetho yakho ye-ghostly - konke lokhu kuwa emiphefumulweni ye-XXI ngekhulu leminyaka.
Isiphetho sefa lika-Omar Khayama nesithombe sembongi ngokwakhe nefilosofi saba yimibono, futhi amaqoqo enkondzinceku zakhe abhalwa kabusha kuze kube manje. Ikota kaHenya iyaqhubeka nokuphila, izincwadi nomsebenzi wakhe zinabahlali abaningi emhlabeni wonke emhlabeni jikelele. Okuhlekisayo, kepha eRussia, umculi we-pop odumile uHana, omele isizukulwane esincane esiseduze sama-pop anamuhla, waqopha ithrekhi yomculo we-lyrical engomeni "u-Omar Khayyam", eChorus yakhe i-aphorism yezefilosososososososo sokwebiwa edumile.
Imicabango yembongi yaguqulwa yaba yimithetho ebizwa ngokuthi yempilo, elandelwa ngabantu abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa ngenkuthalo isizukulwane esincane ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. Isibonelo, la mavesi alandelayo aziwa aziwabuhlakani be-Omar Khayama:
"Ngakho-ke lelo mpilo ehlakaniphile lokuphila, akuyona impilo eningi yokwazi,Imithetho emibili ebalulekile yokukhumbula abaqalayo:
Ungcono kunokulamba kunalokho enginakho,
Futhi kungcono kokukodwa, kunokuba ngathola naye. "" Kubanda ukucabanga ikhanda lakho
Ngemuva kwakho konke, empilweni, konke kungokwemvelo
Ububi obukhutshiwe nguwe
Uzokhunjulwa ngokuqinisekile. "" Musa ukulila, ukufa, ukulahleka izolo,
UNGAYENZI NAMUHLA KUMVA
Hhayi yangaphambili noma umzuzu wokufika
Kholwa umzuzu we-Okwamanje - ujabule manje! "" "Isihogo nePharadesi - ezulwini," kusho uHangi.
Mina, ngizibuke, ngiqiniseka ngamanga:
Isihogo nePharadesi - hhayi imibuthano egcekeni leMirozdanya,
Isihogo nePharadesi yingxenye emibili yemiphefumulo "" Yima ebuthongweni! Ngobusuku be-Saksamenti yothando kuyadalwa,
Ngokuphonsa ekhaya, kunikezwe othandekayo!
Lapho kukhona khona iminyango - bakhiye ebusuku,
Umnyango kuphela wabathandi - uvulekile! "" Inhliziyo! Vumela ubuqili, basebenzise ngasikhathi sinye,
Balahla iwayini, bathi, kulimaza.
Uma umphefumulo ugeleza owakho nomzimba -
Zilalela kakhulu izinkondlo, ukuphuza iwayini "
Ama-aphorisms we-Omar Khayama:
"Uma umuthi okhuthele engenakufika kuwe - uthele!Uma uNaeti ahlakaniphile ubuthi - Yamukelani! "" Ukugobhoza ngoMoya kufa ngaphambi kwethemu elithi "" "Ubukhosi nokusho, isibindi nokwesaba -
Konke kusukela ekuzalweni kokuzalwa emizimbeni yethu "" Kumuntu othandekayo wakho, niyakuthanda ukushiyeka, futhi nesithunzi sesithunzi esithi "" Isithunzi sesithunzi "" asisho ukuthi lo wesifazane ungowesifazane. Wayezoba i-alolyub - khona-ke bekungeke kukufinyelele. "