Oscar Wilde - I-Biography, izithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, imisebenzi, izincwadi

I-Biograge

Ubuntwana beProsaika yesikhathi esizayo, i-Playwwright nembongi yesikhathi sokugcina sesikhathi sokugcina sika-Oscar FingerAlti kuzobe sekuqhutshekwe e-Ireland, Dublin. Wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 16, 1854. Abazali bakhe baziwa emibuthanweni yomphakathi ophakeme kakhulu. Ubaba William Wille wahlanganyela kwezokwelapha, indawo yomsebenzi wakhe wobungcweti yayiyingxenye ye-ophthalmology.

Ngo-1864 wabelwa isihloko se-knight. Umama womlobi wesikhathi esizayo uJane Francesca Wilde walwela amalungelo ama-Ireland nawasekela ngenkuthalo inhlangano yezinguquko. Bobabili abazali babeyithanda izincwadi: Ubaba wabhala imisebenzi yomlando nezobuvubukulo, futhi umama - izinkondlo. Endlini yama-wailde, ama-salon aqoqiwe, lapho kuhanjiswa khona umbala wezokwelapha kanye namasiko athile wezwe.

Iminyaka Yokufunda

U-Oscar wayeyingane ephakathi emndenini. Umfowabo wakhe omdala uWilliam wazalwa eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili kune-Oscar, kanye nodadewethu u-Ayola - iminyaka emibili emncane. Le ntombazane yafa endaweni eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala ngenxa yokuvuvukala kobuchopho. Izingane zithole imfundo enhle yasekhaya. Babenomhlaba waseJalimane futhi waseFrance. Isikhungo sokuqala semfundo sabafowethu sasiyiRoyal School of Portor, eyayisedolobheni elincane, hhayi kude neDublin. U-Oscar omncane wahlukaniswa ngethalente lokufunda kanye nezitatimende ezinobuhlakani. Ekupheleni kwesikhungo semfundo eneminyaka eyi-17, i-Wilde yathola indondo yegolide futhi yathunyelwa eTrinity College.

Uthando luka-Oscar lwavela ngesikhathi sezifundo zesikole ukuya emasikweni asendulo amaGrikhi lakhiwa ekolishi. Usebenzelana nokutadisha okuningiliziwe komlando wakudala, ama-aesthetics, izilimi zasendulo. Kancane kancane, lonke ulwazi olutholwe i-Wilde luqala ukusebenzisa. Indlela yayo yokuziphatha, okokugqoka, ukukhohlisa i-ellinism, ukungabaza, ukuzimela - ukuzimela - konke lokho kwakungudumo esikhathini esizayo, kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lolwazi olutholakele.

Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, umfundi othembisayo uthunyelwa e-Oxford, lapho isitayela sika-Oscar Wilde sisongelwa ekugcineni njenge-dandy engenasici. Enye yezindlela zokuphumelela zensizwa isivele iba nokwakhiwa kwezinganekwane ze-halo ezizungeze ubuntu bakhe. Akaze aphuthume ukuqeda yonke inhlebo emangalisayo namahlebezi athi igama lakhe elithi igama lakhe.

E-Oxford University, isimo sengqondo somlobi wesikhathi esizayo sabahle sakhiwe ekugcineni. Izindinganiso zokuziphatha ze-Oscar manje akuzona ukuphela kwenqubo yobuhle. Uthisha othonya umbono we-World's WorldVin kwakunguJohn reskin - umlobi wesiNgisi nama-theoretics. Wayenethonya elikhulu ekwakhiweni kokuthambekela kwemibhalo kwekhulu le-XIX sekwephuzile.

Eminyakeni yokufunda, u-Oscar kuqala wenza uhambo oluya e-Italy naseGrisi. Liphefumulelwe ukuvela okusha kwe-Wilde ubhala omunye wolokuqala lwezinkondlo zakhe "iRavenna", umklomelo waseNyuvesi uyathola.

Ukudala

Eminyakeni engu-24, i-Wilde ihamba ukuze iphile enhloko-dolobha yaseGreat Britain. Iba njalo ethandwa njalo ama-salon ase-london ngokulahlekelwa yizitatimende zawo ezibusayo neziphikisanayo kanye nengubo yokugqoka. Ukunambitheka nemikhuba yemfashini eyabiwe nge-Intelligentsia ne-aristocracy. Ngokushesha, abantu abasha abaningi baqala ukuvela, bonke bazama ukulingisa isithombe sabo. Amahlaya amancane ama-Ireland abathandi bayo ahlakazwa izingcaphuno.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yobuciko bakhe bokubhala, u-Oscar Wilde wabhalwa yizinkondlo kuphela, ngezikhathi ezithile adala indatshana enikezelwe ezinkingeni zama-aesthetics. Kusukela ngo-1882 kuya ku-1883, umlobi osemusha wachitha phesheya, e-United States, lapho ahamba khona nezinkulumo zakhe ku-ART. Izilaleli zaseMelika zazihlanya nge-charm nobuhlakani bomlobi, u-Oscar wathola amabutho amakhulu abalandeli nabalandeli phesheya kwezilwandle.

Ngemuva kokubuyela eYurophu, i-Wilde ngokushesha iya eFrance, lapho ahlangana khona nombala wezincwadi zesiFulentshi.

Ukubuyela ezweni lakubo futhi lapho ethola umndeni, u-Oscar Wilde uzinikele ekubhaleni izinganekwane, ekwakhiweni kwezingane zakhe ezamphefumulela zona. Lawa ngamaqoqo 'eSikhulu Esijabulisayo' ne- "Pomegranate House", imisebenzi edume kakhulu yazo "inkanyezi yomfana", "Devotee", "Devotee", "Devotee", "umdobi kanye nomphefumulo wakhe". Ngalesi sikhathi, iSlava Wilde eNgilandi ifinyelela inani lakhe eliphakeme.

Izindatshana zakhe zobuntatheli zinyatheliswa ezincwadini ezinhle kakhulu zezwe, i-Wilde ibathatha ngokwayo umhleli wokuhlela ebhukwini "umhlaba wabesifazane". I-Bernard Shaw edume kakhulu uBernard Shaw isabela kahle ngaye engxoxweni yakhe. ULondon Dandy futhi unikeze imizwa ephikisanayo evela emphakathini: Ukusuka ekudumiseni okungaboni, ngaphambi kokugxekwa, okuvezwa ekuhlaselweni nasekushicileleni amakhathuni emlobi. Kepha i-knuckle ekhelini le-OSCAR liqinisa igunya nokuthandwa kwalo kuphela emphakathini.

Eminyakeni engu-33, i-Wilde yaqala ukubhala imisebenzi yokuqala ebucayi. Kuqala ngokwakha izindaba "ubugebengu beNkosi u-Arthur Sevil", "Sphinx Ghost", i-Wilde iqala umsebenzi oyinhloko we-biography yakhe yokudala - inoveli ye-Dorian Grey ", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1890 . Le ncwadi yatholwa ngabantu besikhathi esibonakalayo.

Naphezu kwezinhloso zemfundo umbhali ezalandela, kwabonakala inoveli emphakathini ophakeme njengomsebenzi oziphethe kabi. Kepha izilaleli zijabule kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesakhiwo esihambisana nokushicilelwa kwenoveli kuphela, u-Oscar Wilde ushicilela idrama "Salome", okuthi ngezindlela eziningi okuthinte ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko emashumini eminyaka. Ukudlala nakho kuthola ukuhlolwa okuphikisanayo kwemibono yomphakathi futhi akukhuliswanga e-UK isikhathi eside.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, u-Oscar Wilde udala amahlaya amaningi wesigameko senhlangano, esathola ukufakwa kwabo kumafreyimu kaLondon. Le yimidlalo enjengokuthi "fan lady windermir", "Owesifazane engafanele", "umyeni ophelele" nokuthi "kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba sína." Kubo, i-playwright ibonakalisa njengenkosi yengxoxo ye-witty. Konke ukuqiniseka emshadweni usebenzisa ukwamukelwa kwe-paradokics.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

U-Oscar Wilde kusuka ebusheni wahlukaniswa injabulo. Ukuzilibazisa kwakhe kokuqala kwakunguFlory Balcum, umlingisi uLillly Langtri. Kakade esemncane, umbhali uba yisivakashi sezindlu zedolobha elikhulu lokubekezelelana, ngaleso sikhathi lapho kwakuthandwa ngaleso sikhathi nabamele iBohemia. Kepha eneminyaka engama-27, i-Wilde ihlangana neConstance yaseLloyd, indodakazi yommeli wase-Ireland, owalandela inoveli yeminyaka emithathu, iba ngumkakhe. Ngokushesha emndenini weLondon Dandy, kuvela abafana besimo sezulu - amadodana aseSyryl namaVivian.

Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, umshado phakathi kwabashayikazi waqala ukuhlukaniswa. Kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela yalesi kwakuyisifo esingezansi sokuvezwa kombhali. U-Oscar Wilde uqala ukuhlala ngokwehlukana nomlingani nezingane, bese eshintsha indlela. Omunye wabalingani bakhe besilisa bokuqala nguRobert Ross, isikhathi eside esasebenza njengonobhala wena kanye nomphathi wombhali.

Ngo-1891, ukujwayela, okwakudlalela iqhaza elijabulisayo empilweni yombhali. UMarquis u-Alfred Douglas weza ezomvakashela, owaveza ukuthi ukuncoma kwakhe kushicilelwe inoveli yombhali. Kungekudala kwaba nobungani obuqinile phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezimbili, ezaphenduka uthando.

Inkantolo nejele

Abesilisa bayeka ukufihla ubudlelwano babo, bavame ukuvela emaphathini ezwe ndawonye. UBosy Douglas, njengoba igama lika-Alfred, bonke abajwayele, babenohlobo lomlingiswa oqondile - bonke bazama ukuzithoba entandweni yakhe. U-Oscar akakwazanga ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwensizwa futhi ahlala yena. Njengoba ubaba wakhe uMarquis Quinbellery kungekudala wafunda ngokuxhuma kwendodana yakhe. Izindaba ezishaqisayo zakhuthalwa ukuba ziqale ukuphishekela i-Wilde. I-strainer yokugcina yokubekezela komlobi kwakuyinothi elivulekile, elidluliselwe kuye nge-marquis, ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwekilabhu "elbemarl". Kuye, ubaba kaBosie wasola u-Wilde eSodoma.

I-oscar ecasulwe imangalela umphikisi wayo wokunyundela, okuba yiphutha kuye. I-Marquis elungiselelwe ifakazela ukulunga kwamacala akhe. Ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo, umhlangano wenkantolo uyaqala, inhloso yawo kwakungukumangalelwa kwe-Wilde ngobungqingili. UMarquis wayiphoqa icala, futhi umbhali wafakwa ejele. U-Oscar Wilde uthole isijeziso esiphezulu esikhona kuleyo minyaka: iminyaka emibili yamapulatifomu. Abaningi babangani bakhe, kufaka phakathi iBosy, bafulathela kuye. Unkosikazi kanye nezingane washiya izwe washintsha isibongo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva washona e-Italy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okungaphumelelanga.

Ukushona

Ngemuva kokubuyela eNkululeko ngo-1897, u-Oscar washesha washeshe washiya izwe lakubo waya eParis. Le minyaka uhlala kulolu lungiselelo umkakhe amthumelayo ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwayo yonke impahla yomuntu siqu yomndeni wakwaWille. Enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, uphinde aqale ukuhlangana noDouglas, kepha ubudlelwano babo buba shuta. Ukuba ne-Pseudonym Sebastian Melmot, u-Oscar uqala imisebenzi ebhaliwe futhi ubhala umsebenzi odumile waleminyaka yamuva yokuphila kwakhe "unciphise i-ballad yejele."

Ekuqaleni kuka-1900, i-Oscar iyagula ukuba yisifo esingejwayelekile, okuthi, esibuthakathaka ngokuphela komzimba, yavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-meningitis. Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho futhi kwabangela ukufa kombhali ngoNovemba 30 wonyaka ofanayo. I-Wilde yangcwatshwa kwelinye lamathuna eParis, kwathi ngemuva kweshumi leminyaka, ithuna lakhe lahlehliselwena nepeni elinyaweni lwamathuna. Kunesikhumbuzo ngesikhumbuzo sekhanda le-sphinx esizeni somlobi.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, eyenziwa phakathi kwezithameli zesiteshi samandla e-Air Force, u-Oscar Wilde waqashelwa njengomuntu onobuhlakani obukhulu kunabo bonke ababehlala eNgilandi.
• "Imidwebo kaDorian Grey" yahlanganiswa yi-cinema izikhathi ezingaphezu kwama-25.
• Indlu yezipoki zeTokyo Disneyland ihlotshiswe ngesithombe somugqa wempunga encane yaseDorian, eshintsha isithombe esithombeni sendoda endala esesabekayo.

• Ukuhamba ngaphezulu kwe-United States, u-Oscar Wilde waphetha ngokubheja ngomunye waseMelika obhashweni olungahlelwa kakhulu. Umphikisi womphikisi wokuqala: "Wake waba umlondli we-US ..." wamlethela ukunqoba. U-Oscar Wilde wamvimba futhi wabona ukwehlulwa kwakhe.
• Umbono wejele ngomlobi odumile wathonya umthetho weNkantolo yase-UK. UWilde wabhalwa wadluliselwa endlini yemiphakathi yetilongo "wamukelwa ukuze wacatshangelwa futhi wathonya ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokuboshwa kweziboshwa.

Amacaphuna

• "Abantu abahle basebenza ezinhlizweni, ababi - emcabangweni."
• "Njengoba umuntu oyedwa waseFrance waseFrance athi, abesifazane bayasikhuthaza ezintweni ezinkulu, kepha kuze kube phakade bababeka ukuba babenzele ukuze bazidalele."
• "UCynic ungumuntu owazi konke futhi uyakwazisa noma yini."
• "Uthando luqala ngeqiniso lokuthi umuntu uyazikhohlisa, kodwa aphela ngalokho akhohlisa kolunye."
• "Kunezinhlekelele ezimbili zangempela kuphela empilweni: munye - lapho ungakutholi okufunayo, bese okwesibili kulapho uthola khona."

Izincwadi

• "IRavenna" (1878)
• I- "Garden Eros" (1881)
• "Duchess of Paduanskaya" (1883)
• I- "Centrawille Ghost" (1887)
• "Ubugebengu beNkosi Artur Savila" (1888)
• "" Inkosana ejabule "nezinye izinganekwane" (1888)
• "Imidwebo kaDorian Grey" (1890)
• "Salome" (1891)
• "I-Pomegranate House" (1891)
• "Fan Lady Windermir" (1892)
• "Owesifazane akanakufanele" (1893)
• Sphinx (1894)
• "Umyeni Ophelele" (1895)
• Reding Ballad Ballad "(1898)