Biography
Childhood of the future Prosaika, playwright and poet of the last period of the Victorian era of Oscar Finghal O'Flaerti Wills Wilde was held in the capital of Ireland, Dublin. He was born on October 16, 1854. His parents were known in the circles of the highest society. Father William Wilde engaged in medicine, the sphere of his professional activity was part of Ophthalmology.
In 1864 he was assigned the title of knight. The mother of the future writer Jane Francesca Wilde fought for the rights of Irish and actively supported the revolutionary movement. Both parents were fond of literature: the Father wrote the historical and archaeological works, and the mother - poetry. In the house of the Waildes, salons were gathered, on which the color of the medical and cultural elite of the country was attended.
Years of study
Oscar was a middle child in the family. His older brother William was born two years earlier than the Oscar, and the sister isola - for two years younger. The girl died in the ten-year-old age due to the inflammation of the brain. Children got a wonderful home education. They had a German and French governess. The first educational institution for the brothers was the Royal School of Portor, who was in a small town, not far from Dublin. Little Oscar was distinguished by talent for reading and to witty statements. At the end of the educational institution at the age of 17, Wilde received a gold medal and was sent to Trinity College.
Oscar's love originated during school studies to ancient Greek culture was developed in college. He deals with detailed study of antique history, aesthetics, ancient languages. Gradually, all the knowledge gained Wilde begins to implement. Its manner of behavior, clothing, thrust for Ellinism, skepticism, self-irony - all that was the fame in the future, was formed under the influence of knowledge gained.
After three years, a promising student is sent to Oxford, where the style of Oscar Wilde is finally folded as a flawless dandy. One of the success criteria for a young man is already becoming the formation of halo legendaryness around his personality. He never hurried to destroy all the incredible gossip and rumors that concerned his name.
In Oxford University, the attitude of the future writer for the beautiful is finally formed. Moral values for Oscar are now not the only criterion of beauty. A teacher who influenced Wilde's worldview was John Reskin - English writer and theoretics. He had a great influence on the development of literary tendencies of the late XIX century.
During the years of study, Oscar first makes a trip to Italy and Greece adorable. Inspired by New Impressions Wilde writes one of the first of his poems "Ravenna", for which the University Prize receives.
Creation
At the age of 24, Wilde moves to live in the capital of Great Britain. It becomes popular frequenter of London's secular salons at the expense of its ironic and contradictory statements and manners dress. Tastes and habits of Wilde dictated fashion for intelligentsia and aristocracy. Soon, many young people began to appear, which in all tried to imitate their idol. Jokes of young Irish His fans disassembled by quotes.
In the first years of his literary creativity, Oscar Wilde was engaged only by poetry, occasionally creating an essay dedicated to the problems of aesthetics. From 1882 to 1883, a young writer spent abroad, in the United States, where he traveled with his lectures on art. The American audience was crazy about the charm and intelligence of the writer, Oscar acquired a large army of fans and followers overseas.
After returning to Europe, Wilde immediately goes to France, where he meets the color of French literature.
Returning to their homeland and having acquired a family, Oscar Wilde dedicates himself to writing fairy tales, on the creation of which his own children inspired him. These are the collections of the "Happy Prince" and "Pomegranate House", the most famous works of which are the "Boy-star", "devotee", "nightingale and rose", "Fisherman and his soul". By this time, Slava Wilde in England reaches his peak.
His journalistic articles are printed in the best publications of the country, Wilde takes upon themselves the editor's duties in the Journal "Women's World". The legendary playwright Bernard show favors in his interview. London dandy and provocateur causes conflicting feelings from the public: from blind adoration, before criticism, which is expressed in attacks and publishing cartoons on the writer. But the knuckle to the Oscar address only strengthens its authority and popularity in society.
At the age of 33, Wilde first wrote the first serious works. Starting with the creation of stories "Crime of Lord Arthur Sevil", "Kenterville Ghost", "Sphinx without a riddle", Wilde starts the main work of his creative biography - the novel "Portrait of Dorian Gray", which was published in 1890. The book was perceived by contemporaries ambiguously.
Despite the educational goals that the author pursued, a novel was perceived in Higher society as an immoral work. But the audience easier was delighted. Following the scandal associated with the publication of the only novel, Oscar Wilde publishes the Drama "Salome", which in many respects affected the development of the art of decades. The play also received a contradictory assessment of public opinion and was not raised in the UK for a long time.
In the early 1990s, Oscar Wilde creates a number of comedies for theatrical scene, which receive their incarnation in London's frames. These are such plays like "Fan Lady Windermir", "Woman not worthwhile", "perfect husband" and "how important it is to be serious." In them, the playwright manifests itself as a master of witty dialogue. Everything confident in the drama he uses the reception of paradoxics.
Personal life
Oscar Wilde from youth was distinguished by pleasure. His first hobbies were Florry Balcum, actress Lilly Langtri. Already at the young age, the writer becomes the visitor of the metropolitan houses of tolerance, which at that time was popular with the representatives of Bohemia. But at the age of 27, Wilde meets the Constance of Lloyd, the daughter of the Irish lawyer, who, after a stormy three-year novel, becomes his wife. Soon in the family of London Dandy, the weather boys appear - Syryl and Vivian sons.
After a few years, marriage between spouses began alienation. It is possible that the cause of this was the subtybitted venereal disease of the writer. Oscar Wilde begins to live separately from spouse and children, and then changes the orientation. One of his first-male partners is Robert Ross, who for a long time worked as a personal secretary and a trustee of the writer.
In 1891, a familiarity was acquainted, which played a fateful role in the life of the writer. A young Marquis Alfred Douglas came to visit him, who expressed his admiration just published by the novel of the writer. Soon there was a strong friendship between two aesthets, which turned into passion.
Court and prison
Men stopped hiding their relationships, they often appeared at secular parties together. Bosy Douglas, as the name of Alfred, all acquaintances, possessed a narcissistic type of character - he all tried to subordinate to his will. Oscar could not resist the whims of the young man and constantly pokakal him. Since his father Marquis Quinsberry soon learned about the connection of his son. The shocking news was advocated to begin his pursuit of Wilde. The last strainer for the patience of the writer was an open note, which was transferred to him by Marquis, during the collection of the club "Elbemarl". In her, Bosie's father accused Wilde in Sodomy.The outraged Oscar sues his opponent for slander, which becomes a mistake for him. Prepared Marquis proves the rightness of his charges. After completion of the process, a counter-meeting of the court begins, the purpose of which was the accusation of Wilde in homosexuality. Marquis won the case, and the writer was put in prison. Oscar Wilde received the maximum punishment existing in those years: two years of platforms. Many of his friends, including Bosy, turned away from him. Wife together with children left the country and changed the surname. A few years later she died in Italy after an unsuccessful operation.
Death
After returning to freedom in 1897, Oscar immediately hurried to leave his homeland and went to Paris. These years he lives on the maintenance that his wife sends him after the sale of all personal property of the Wilde family. In the capital of France, he again begins to meet with Douglas, but their relationship becomes tense. Having pseudonym Sebastian Melmot, Oscar embarks on literary activities and writes the famous work of the recent years of his life "Reding Prison Ballad."
At the beginning of 1900, the Oscar is ill to be an abnormal infection, which, with a weakened by the conclusion of the body, provoked the development of meningitis. Brain inflammation and caused the death of the writer on November 30 of the same year. Wilde was buried at one of the cemeteries in Paris, and after one decade, his grave was postponed to the pen lashiness cemetery. There is a monument in the form of a sphinx head at the site of the writer.
Interesting Facts
- According to the survey results, which was conducted among the audience of the Air Force channel, Oscar Wilde was recognized as the most witty person ever who lived in England.
- Roman "Portrait of Dorian Gray" was embodied by cinema for more than 25 times.
- A house of the ghosts of Tokyo Disneyland is decorated with a portrait of a young Dorian Gray, who changes the picture on the image of a terrible old man.
- Traveling over the United States, Oscar Wilde concluded a bet with one American on the most implausible phrase. The first opponent's replica: "Once a US gentleman ..." brought him a victory. Oscar Wilde stopped him and recognized his defeat.
- The prison opinion of the famous writer influenced the UK court legislation. Wailde written and transferred to the House of Prison Communities "was adopted for consideration and influenced further improvement of the conditions for the detention of prisoners.
Quotes
- "Positive people act on the nerves, bad - on imagination."
- "As one witty Frenchman said, women inspire us to great things, but forever preemb them to create them."
- "Cynic is a person who knows everything and appreciates anything."
- "Love begins with the fact that a person is deceiving himself, but ending with what he deceives the other."
- "There are only two real tragedies in life: one - when you do not get what you want, and the second is when you get."
Books
- "Ravenna" (1878)
- "Garden Eros" (1881)
- "Duchess of Paduanskaya" (1883)
- "Centrawille Ghost" (1887)
- "The crime of Lord Artur Savila" (1888)
- "" Happy Prince "and other fairy tales" (1888)
- "Portrait of Dorian Gray" (1890)
- "Salome" (1891)
- "Pomegranate house" (1891)
- "Fan Lady Windermir" (1892)
- "Woman not worthwhile" (1893)
- Sphinx (1894)
- "Perfect Husband" (1895)
- Reding Prison Ballad "(1898)