I-Biograge
Le navigator ayidumile emhlabeni wonke ukuhamba, njengePortugan Fernan Magellan. Isikhathi eside, u-Amerigo Vespucci wabhekwa njengomqambimanga owayezama ukuthatha udumo oluvela ku-Columbus edumile. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi isi-Italy senza umnikelo omuhle kakhulu ku-geography, ehlola ngokuphelele izwe, esikhathini esizayo esibizwa ngeNingizimu Melika. UVespucci waqala ukuvulwa kwempilo ehlala ensimini yamaNdiya aseTurkey, imibhalo yakhe yesandla yaba ngumthengisi wezwe wangempela wekhulu le-16.Ubuntwana nentsha
Isihambi esizayo sazalwa ngoMashi 9, 1451 (1454) eSunny Italy, edolobheni elikhazimulayo likaFlorence. Ubaba ompofu we-Seafarer Anastasio Vespucci wasebenza njengommeli weRiphabhulikhi, futhi mayelana ne-biography kamama kaFlorentine Lizabetta di Jovani mini Scientist akaziwa. Ngaphezu kuka-Alergo emndenini weVespucci, kwakukhona ezinye izingane ezimbili: Umfana ophezulu ngokuzayo waqala umsebenzi wososayensi e-University of Pisa, futhi umfowabo ophakathi we-Jeronimo waba ngumhwebi wase-shumayele.
U-Amerigo wakhulela embonweni onelukuluku futhi ezolile, kusukela esemncane kwaqala ukuba nentshisekelo kwi-physics, futhi futhi wafunda ngenkuthalo ngomasipala wasolwandle kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi.
UGiorgio Antonio Vespucci, usosayensi kanye nendela yesigodlo sezindela saseSt. Mark, umsize kumshana odumile odumile ukuthi athole imfundo efanelekile: Ngenxa yalolukazi, isiNtaliyane safunda isiLatini.
Ngo-1470, le nsizwa ingena e-University of Pisa, ngemuva kokuphela kwayo i-Avego yenza umsebenzi wesayensi yezomnotho.
Endleleni eya e-shoobere, isiNtaliyane ithola imephu yakudala yeMedithera ngemiqhele eyi-130 futhi ayihlole ngenkuthalo. Esikhathini esizayo, u-Amerigo Vespucci uzokwazi ngokuzimela kahle i-catrography, uhlelo lokuhambisa, futhi luzohlola futhi idivaysi yemikhumbi yasolwandle.
Ukutholwa kweMelika
Ngaphambi kokuzulazula, u-Amerigo wahlanganyela ezindabeni zezezimali. Ngo-1490, umthondi wakho wesikhathi esizayo nomshana wakhe uya ezokuhweba eSeville. Lapho, aqala ukusebenza e-Italian yase-Italian yase-Italy edumile futhi ecebile yase-Italian uToto Berardi futhi ngo-1493 ahlangana ne-Admiral Chrilal Christopher Columbus, amsize ahlomise uhambo lwesibili nolwesithathu.
Kusukela ngo-1498, u-Amerigo Vespucci uhlinzeka ngezikhathi zolwandle, futhi ukhokha futhi iholo lomholo. Kepha ngemuva konyaka, endodeni eneminyaka engu-1499 ubudala, eyami isuka kude.
KUNGANI I-AMCAMECAELE WETHENTEELY inqume ukushintsha ububanzi bomsebenzi, ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhayibheli anokucabanga okubili. Enye yaqagela, yize insizakalo yezezimali, isiNtaliyane sahlala kabi. Umholo wawusekuncane, kepha ukwaba imali yomunye umuntu, awayalelayo, uFlorentine akazange avumele unembeza. Ngokombono ophikisanayo, inhloko yezindaba zasolwandle zaseVespucci yayihlala ngokucebile futhi iminyaka engama-30 yenkonzo yenza isimo esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuma kwemali kaColumbus kwavuswa ngokomela isi-Italiya ukufika kanye nezikhathi zokufika.
Ukubona ukuthi ukuzulazula akujabulisi nje kuphela, kanye ne-Florentian eshiya imisebenzi yezomnotho futhi ilungiselela ukunqoba isikhala samanzi somhlaba ngezindleko zayo.
Ngo-1499, u-Amerigo uya kolwandle lwakhe lokuqala kanye nomngane kaChristopher Columbus Alonso Okho ohedition, owayethatha uhambo ngemikhumbi emine ngoMeyi 20. Ngombono owodwa, u-Amerigo wawusezikhundleni ze-navigator, uma kungenjalo wayala umkhumbi wolwandle. I-Italian ihlola ulwandle olwandle, umlomo we-Amazon kanye nogu lwaseNingizimu Melika. Uhambo lokuqala aluzange lulethe imali eFlorentine, kepha wathola isipiliyoni esibalulekile somatilosi.
Lo msebenzi wokucwaninga we-Italian awupheli. UManuel ngiyajabula ukumema ongowokuzalwa eFlorence eLisbon, ngakho-ke kwezinye izindawo ezimbili, u-Amerigo ungena ngaphansi kwefulegi lesiPutukezi.
Ukubhukuda kwesibili kwaqala ngo-1501, kwathi okwesithathu - ngo-1503 ngaphansi komyalo we-Admiral Gonzalo Coelho.
Ngo-1502, u-Amerigo Vespucci waba ngomunye wabatholakele bendawo yaseBrazil, ebizwa ngeRio de Janeiro, ehunyushelwa ngokoqobo kusuka kwisiPutukezi njengoMfula "Januwari" wafundwa ngoJanuwari.
Ngaphansi kobuholi beCoelho, i-Italy ihlola amazwekazi aseBrazil futhi ihola ngokuzimela umkhumbi omncane. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Amerigo wakha umbono wakhe uqobo, wahlukanisa ngombono kaColumbus. Ngaphansi kwesiphakamiso semali yangaphambili, ogwini lwaseBrazil akusona isiqhingi esise-Asia, kodwa insimu ezimele engaziwa, lapho umhambi abiza khona ukukhanya okusha.
Ukuba nethalente lokubhala, isiNtaliyane lishiya ifa le-Epistolary, elinamakhasi acishe abe ngu-30. Ukuhlola abafundi abaphambili abaphambili kanye nogu, i-navigator iqophe ngokucophelela okuvelayo kokuhamba futhi bayithumela eLorenzo Medici naseCross Pierrot Solomon. Izincwadi zaseMelika sezithandwa kangangokuba amahlandla angama-60 abuye abuyiselwe, kanti uColumbus Manuscript bekufanele ashicilelwe izikhathi eziyi-12 kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwezincazelo ezihlukile zaseNingizimu Melika, u-Amerigo waqopha ngokucophelela impilo namasiko ezizwe zaseNdiya ezingaziwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbhalo wase-Italy unikezwa isabelo se-erotica, wakhuluma ngaphandle kokuxineka ngabesifazane abahle nabakhanukayo abangahloniphi ubunqunu babo. Umlando weVespucci wawuthandwa ngumphakathi wasePuritan, ngoba ngesikhathi sobunzima benkolo bezindaba zabahambi babenentshisekelo.
Indlu yokushicilela engaziwa ye-Italy yayihlanganisa izinhlamvu ze-compatriot eqoqweni ngesihloko esikhumbulekayo: "Ukukhanya okusha namazwe amasha, vula i-Amerigo Vespucci kusuka kuFlorence." Incwadi le yahunyushwa ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba. Ngo-1507, eFrance, banyathelisa imephu enezimpawu zezwe elisha, elibizwa nge- "Amerigo" noma iMelika. Kokunye ukuqagela, umngani we-navigator u-Leonardo da Vinci waba ngowokuqala odonsele imephu yaseMelika enomfanekiso weFlorentine emikhunjini yezwe. Umdwebi onjalo nososayensi wakwenza njengophawu lokubonga, ngoba ngenxa yeLeonardo yase-Italy yaba ngugwayi wokuqala ukubhema eYurophu.
Ngokomunye umbono, iMelika yathola igama layo ngenxa yeVespucci: Izwekazi laqanjwa ngomthengisi ovela kumthengisi waseBristol Richard America.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yendabuko yase-Italy akwaziwa, ososayensi abakwazi ukusho ukuthi u-Amerigo unezingane ezilindele ngokuzimisele ezilindele uYise ekuhambeni kwama-maritime amade. Ngemuva kokubhukuda okuyisidina ngo-1505, uVeszpucci usuka eSpain efuna impilo ethule futhi ngokushesha ashada.
I-Italian kwakungumuntu osubambisi owayengesabi ukushintshana impilo ethule ekuhambeni okuyingozi, futhi nawo aphendukela, ukubhekwa nethalente lokubhala. Kuma-Amenics bakhulume njengomuntu othembekile ngokweqiniso, uVespucci akazange asebenzise inkazimulo kaChristopher Columbus futhi akazange afune ukuthi ama-HODIRAL adunywa abefanelwe yi-Admiral yaseSpain, uChristopher uqobo waphendula ngaye njengomuntu ohloniphekile.
Ukushona
I-Navigator yase-Italy yafa ngonyaka wama-58 wokuphila empilweni yaseSeville eningizimu yeSpain ngoFebhuwari 22, 1512. Imbangela yokufa kuka-Amerigo Vsespuki akwaziwa, ososayensi bazi kuphela lokho ukutholwa kokukhanya okusha kwashona ngokusobala nangokungabonakali, futhi ibhokisi lakhe lalihambisana nabantu abambalwa nje.
Ngokuhlonipha isihambi sase-Italy ngoFebhuwari 1931, isikebhe esikebheni "Amerigo Vespucci" sasungulwa eNaples.