I-Biograge
UBob Dylan, mhlawumbe, esinye sezibalo ezikhanyayo zomculo womhlaba. Le yindoda ebuza futhi isamisa imizwa yabantu yokunyakaza kwamatshe emhlabeni wonke. I-Knockin ezulwini emnyango futhi onke e-Watchtower Hits cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi alahlekelwe ukuhambisana. Ngaphezu komculo, i-biography yokudala kaBob Dylan ixhumene nobuciko bokubamba kanye nobuciko, kanye nezincwadi zokubhala.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama langempela likaDylan - Robert Allen Zimmerman. Umculi wekusasa wazalwa ngoMeyi 24, 1941 edolobheni laseDuluth, eseMinnesota. Okhokho bakaBob ngomugqa kababa ngo-1905 bathuthela e-United States base-Odesa, babalekela ukushushiswa kwamaJuda. Ugogo nomkhulu ohlangothini lukamama babekhona futhi abokufika ababethuthela eMelika bevela eLithuania. Batali bakaBoy, abraham zimmerman ne-Beatris Stone, nabo balwa nomphakathi wamaJuda.
Lapho uDilan wayeneminyaka eyi-6 ubudala, umndeni wasofana washaqeka izindaba ezimbi: UBob watholakala ene-poliomyelitis. Lo mndeni bekufanele ufune odokotela abanekhono abangasiza ekubekezeleni ukugula. Ngakho-ke, amaZimmerm athuthela edolobheni elibizwa ngeHibbing.
Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, uBob Dilan uhudule emculweni: umfana akazange asuke emsakazweni. Iningi labo bonke abasebancane bakhanyisa ama-blues kanye nabantu, ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni abaculi abanjenge-hank williams nokhuni lwe-guthri. UDilan wahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu umsebenzi walaba baculi, abakwa-Bob bakaBob baka-Bob uqobo bazokulandelwa ngokusobala ngendlela yomdlalo kanye nokwenza uWilliams noGatri.
Kakade lapho umndeni uthuthelwa eHibbing, uRobert uRobert waqala ukuyazi kahle izinsimbi zomculo zokuqala. Kwakuyisigingci kanye ne-lip-harmonica. Lapho-ke umfana uqala ukuzama amandla akhe futhi abhale izinkondlo. Ayinaki inkanyezi yesikhathi esizayo namakhonsathi esikole: Umcimbi ongavamile wawungasebenzi ngaphandle kwenkulumo kaDylan. Kamuva, emcimbini, umculi waya endaweni yesehlakalo yamakilabhu nemigoqo, akekho noyedwa onamahloni inani elincane lomphakathi.
Ngo-1959, uRobert wangena eyunivesithi, kodwa wayehlala ethola isikhathi nezifundo zomculo. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, umculi waqala ukunika amakhonsathi emakilabhini aseMinneapolis. Okuthile kwazalwa nge-alias yokuqala kaRobert Tsimmerman - uBob Dylan. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-pseudonyms empilweni kaDilan asazoba nokuningi, okokuqala, okuqala kuzosala kuye futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu. UBob usinqunywe egameni likaRobert. Isibongo somculi, ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, esibolekwe evesini likaDylan Thomas.
Isiqalo sesiqalo
Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, umsebenzi uhehwa kangaka yilowo nalowo uDilan kangangokuba wanquma ukuphonsa i-University futhi wenza kuphela ibhizinisi lakhe elithandayo. Ngo-1961, uBob uthuthela eNew York. Lapho, umculi uqala ukuxhumana nozakwethu e-Stage Workshop, uhlangana nabadlali abadumile ngaleso sikhathi futhi kancane kancane baqale ukudweba ephathini ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Party. UDilan waze nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba ixoxe noWoody Guthrie, i-kumir ye-Orphanage.Izingoma zikaBob Dilan kancane kancane ziba ezaziwa njengezithandwa zomculo ngesitayela sabantu. Lapho uma ekhonsathini, uBob waphenduka umgxeki womculo uRobert Shelton, owahlabeka umxhwele ngokusebenza kukaDylan, futhi wayesevele ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ngokunyuswa kwakhe umculi asayine isivumelwano namarekhodi eColombia. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kuqale ukusebenza nge-albhamu elindelwe isikhathi eside. Ipuleti lokuqala likaBob Dilan lavela ngo-1962. Yabizwa ngokuthi nguBob Dylan. Le albhamu laliqukethe amasu ezingoma ezidumile ngesitayela se-Blues kanye nabantu, kanye nakwizingoma zombhali uBob. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu yokudubula, umculi wathatha igama elithi Bob Dylan.
Ngemuva konyaka kamuva, uBob wajabulisa abalandeli nge-albhamu yesibili i-freeheelin 'bob dylan, izingoma zazo ezigcwele umbhikisho wezepolitiki. Umqondisi kaDilan wagcizelela ukuthi izingoma ezivela kuleli puleti zenziwa elungiselelweni le-acoustic ngokuzibandakanya kokuphakamisa i-harmonica nama-guitars, yize umculi ngokwakhe wayesenentshisekelo edwaleni nasekwakheni kabusha. Izingoma zawa ngumphakathi, kanti i-blowin 'engomeni yomoya kwakumelwe ukuba sendleleni ekulweni namalungelo abansundu.
Ngo-1964, uDilan wakhipha ama-albhamu amabili ngokulandelana. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti okuqala Izikhathi ezingama-A-Changin 'zisagcwele imizwa yokubhikisha. Ku-albhamu yesibili, kwafakwa izingoma zomlobi, zigcwaliswe lesi sikhathi ngesitayela sesigqi kanye ne-blues. Abagxeki bagcizelela ngokwehlukile imibhalo eyizinkondlo eyinkimbinkimbi - iminyaka eminingi yokuthabana komculi wezinkondlo zomhlaba ithinte. Ngalesi sikhathi, umculi uya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu, izithombe zikaBob zivela, mhlawumbe, ekuqoqweni kwawo wonke ama-melomanana, futhi noma iyiphi inkulumo uBob iba ngumcimbi wangempela emhlabeni womculo.
Ngonyaka olandelayo wedluliselwe kuDilan ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso sedwala labantu. Umculi ukhiqiza izingoma ezidumile ngelungiselelo elisha. Ngemuva kwalokho uBob waqoqa ibhendi yedwala futhi waqopha ukuletha yonke irekhodi lasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuqala okusha emisebenzini kaBob ekuqaleni akuzange kuhlangane nokuqonda kwabalandeli: Kwakunezingoma ezintsha ezivela esithombeni, eveza umbhikisho wezenhlalo. Kukhonsathi yabantu eNewport Accers ngisho nokuthungwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umculi waqopha i-albhamu yedwala elibizwa nge-Highway 61. Ingoma kaBob kaBonon njengetshe eligoqayo, landulelwa yi-outlet of the Plate, lihlala lisebenza futhi ngalesi sikhathi.
Izwe lezwe
Ngo-1966, uBob wawela engozini enkulu yezithuthuthu. Ukulingisa ngemuva kokulimala nokushaqeka, umculi waphila isikhashana, ukuqoqa impahla yepuleti elilandelayo futhi wazama ngezitayela zokubulawa kanye nezinhlobo zomculo.
Umphumela walolu hlobo lweholide lokudala kwakuyi-albhamu kaJohn Wesley Harding, okwakubona ukukhanya ngo-1967. Izingoma ezivela kuleli puleti zethulwe ngengxube emangalisayo yomculo we-rock nezwe. Lokhu kwazalwa kuyinkambo entsha emculweni womhlaba - I-Country Rock. Okuxakile ngokwanele, uthando olusha lukaBob Dianana futhi aluthandanga abalandeli abavele bekhona, kepha wanikeza umculi womculi phakathi kwabathandi bezwe.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uDylan wathuthela eNashville, eyayibhekwa njengenhloko-dolobha yomculo wezwe. Umculi waqhubeka nokuzama isitayela sokubulawa kanye nezwi lezwi. Umphumela wokufuna kokudala kwakuyi-nashville Skyline disc, eqoshwe ndawonye neJohnny Cache. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, amahemuhemu asakazeka uDylan '' azalwa 'futhi ahlangabezana nenkinga yokudala. Umculi wabalwa ngempela ukuthi kwakungelula: ijubane elinomthwalo wemthethweni nohambo lwabathintekile, kodwa uBob waqhubeka nokuqopha izingoma ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, esimweni somdwebi, kwavela ipuleti leNew Korning, elalishayekile iminyaka eminingi.
Ngemuva konyaka, uBob waqopha amagagasi wePlanethi elilandelayo le-albhamu futhi ngokushesha waya kuhambo olukhulu lwamadolobha aseMelika. Lolu hambo luzobizwa ngokuthi luzuze kakhulu emlandweni womculo wedwala. Ngokushesha wethule igazi le-albhamu emikhondweni, izingoma ezizo ezazingokomuntu uqobo: umculi owabiwe nabalandeli ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Impumelelo yale disk yayinguKoloses.
Umculo wamaKristu
I-albhamu Slow Train Iza, ikhishwe ngo-1979, imake ingqophamlando emisebenzini kaDylan: Umculi wathwalwa kabi ngesihloko sobuKristu. UBob wenziwa njengesiphikiso esinolaka se-pornographigraphy kanye nobufebe. Futhi enye yezingoma zakhe ezi-Theratic Gotta isebenza othile imakwe ngumklomelo woGrammy esigabeni "Ukubulawa Kwe-Vocal Rock okuhle kakhulu".Noma kunjalo, le disc, njengama-albhamu athile alandela, kwavela ukuthi: Abalandeli benqabile ukubona i-dilan "entsha". Ukuzama ukudlulisa imibono emisha yalowo nabalaleli, umculi akazange asebenzise i-repertoire esevele edumile emakhonsathi, kodwa umane eboniswa okholweni. Ukusekelwa okuvela kwabalandeli Izinkulumo Ezintsha Zesitayela azitholanga.
Ukwehla kwezentengiso
Naphezu kokuncipha kwentshisekelo evela emphakathini emsebenzini womculi, waqhubeka enikeza amakhonsathi. Ngo-1985, uBob wakhuluma eMoscow, eyayinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kweSoviet Rock Movement: I-Maneru yokubulawa kukaBob Glan yayizama ukwamukela uBoris Grebensikov, uMike Naumenko nabanye abaculi, baqala nje indlela yabo emnandi.
Ngo-1988, uBob wamemezela ukuqala kokuvakasha okungapheli kohambo, olwanikezwa ngokugcina ukuvakasha. Lokhu kuvakasha akuphelanga kuze kube namuhla. Inkulumo eneminyaka emibili ubudala kulolu hambo lwenzeka ngo-2007 edolobheni laseDiton, okungu-Ohio.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kanye nabangane bakhe, uGeorge Harrison, uTom Petty, uRoy Orbison noJeff Lynn Dylan, okuyiminyaka emi-2 yokuba khona kwayo bakhiphe ama-albhamu alandelayo.
Emithonjeni esesitayeleni sabo uBob wabuya lapho kwakhiwa i-albhamu emhlabeni awenzi okungalungile. Amanye ama-hits kazwelonke adumile ahlukanise ukutolika komlobi, futhi i-ballad kaLealgrim yahlangana kahle nabasoji nabathandi bomculo.
Ngo-1997, uDylan wasinda ezinkingeni zezinhliziyo ezinkulu kakhulu. Umculi wawungeniswa esibhedlela, kepha konke kwaphela kahle. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uDylan wavakashela iNtshumayelo uPapa weRoma eBologna, esekelwe emazwini egazi 'emoyeni.
Inkathi entsha
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngo-1997, umculi wamenywa ukuba ahlangane noBill Clinton, obekungumongameli we-United States. Emkhathini onesizotha, uDilan wethulwe enkabeni yeKennedy.Ngakho-ke ukuqashelwa okukhulu okuphefumulelwe uBob: Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, uDylan wakhipha isikhathi ngaphandle kwe-Mind Plate, futhi eyayiphinde yakha abalandeli abamangazayo. Lokhu kwabagxeki be-albhamu nezilaleli zahlangana kahle. Ngo-1999, uBob wathola imiklomelo ye-Oscar neGolden Glower yeGener Bloction yezinto eseshintshile, eyayisetshenziswa njenge-soundtrack kwi-movie "shunders".
I-disc elandelayo ayizenzelanga ukulinda: Ngo-2001, kwaphuma ipuleti lothando nelokwebiwa. Le albhamu futhi ikhombise ithalente likaDilan elihlangene, kulokhu ngazama njengoJazzman. Izikhathi zanamuhla zirekhodiwe, ezikhishwe ngo-2006, nazo zathandwa. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi izwi lomculi laba yinto enkulu ngenxa yeminyaka, kepha i-albhamu yahlangana kahle. I-disc yaletha umculi emthonjeni wamaGrammy njengoMdali weprojekthi ehamba phambili yeSolo Rock.
Izinkondlo zemibhalo, abagxeki abahlala bephawuleka, banikeza uBob ethele umklomelo we-pullitzer. Lo mklomelo, owethulwe ngonyaka ka-2008, waphawula ithonya elenziwa umdwebi lomculi. Ngemuva konyaka, lo mculi uthole omunye umklomelo: U-Barack Obama, owayengumongameli wase-United States, wanikeza umculo wenkululeko wenkululeko - elinye lama-US State State Awards.
Ngo-2016, kwenzeka isimo esinelukuluku: UBob Dilan wanikezwa umklomelo kaNobel emkhakheni wezincwadi, waphawula umnikelo womculi ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bengoma yase-US. Amahlaya kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi izindaba zomshini womklomelo zimane zilulame, ngoba kusihlwa kwalolu suku wayehlelelwe ukwenza umsebenzi eLas Vegas.
Izincwadi
Ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yokudala, uDylan wanaka izincwadi. Inoveli yakhe yokuhlola yavela ngo-1966. Lapho ubhala uTarantula, umbhali wasebenzisa ukugeleza kokugeleza kokwazi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umculi ngokwakhe walifanisa le ncwadi 'ngelokubhala, njengoba kubhalwe uJohn Lennon, wathola izibuyekezo ezingezinhle abagxeki. Futhi ngo-2003, futhi nhlobo kwangena isilinganiso 'seziphakamiso ezi-5 ezingaqondakali ezivela ezincwadini ezibhalwe ngabaculi. "
Umculi ubuyela engxenyeni ye-epistolar ngo-2004, ukhipha i-autobiography ye- "IziKronike", anikela ngonyaka wokuqala eNew York. Lesi sipiliyoni saphenduka saphumelela kakhudlwana: Inoveli yafinyelela emugqeni wesibili ohlwini lwabathengisi bezikhathi zeNew York futhi yaqokwa umklomelo weNcwadi Yezwe lase-US.
Amafilimu
Ngaphezu komculo, uDylan wayenentshisekelo kwi-cinema. Ebusheni bakhe, umculi wenza umqambi wamafilimu amaningana, futhi wazama naye waba ngumlingisi emibhalweni "uRenaldo noClara" no "Pat Garrett kanye neBilly Kid".Izingoma ze-Star ziye zaba ngumsindo we-Soundtracks ngaphezulu kwemidwebo engamakhulu ayisithupha. Phakathi kwazo, ungamaka i- "Drankrigi Rider" Peter Funds (kulungile, i-MA ingoma (ngikhipha kuphela)), "uBookers" ZACK STIDDER (ukwakheka kwezikhathi eziyi-a-changin '), "BIG LEBOVSKI" Brothers Cohen (landelela indoda kimi).
Ngo-2003, uBob wabhala nombhalo wefilimu "abonisa ngekhulu leminyaka", wahlikihla igama elikhulu ngaphansi kwe-psedonymtyr pergey petrov. Ngo-2005, kwavela isithombe "Ayikho indlela ebuyela emuva: uBob Dylan". Le filimu ikhuluma cishe iminyaka emihlanu empilweni yomculi: kusukela ngo-1961 kuya ku-1966. Umcimbi wefilimu uhlanganisa isikhathi esiqale ukuhambisa umculi eNew York futhi saphela ngengozi yezithuthuthu.
Umqondisi womdwebo kwakunguMartin Scorsese omkhulu, owakwazi ukudlulisa uhlobo lukaDylan, okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kanye nezwe elingaphakathi esikrinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le filimu idlule endabeni yomculi munye: UBob nabanye abakhangi bakhuluma ngenkathi ende emhlabeni womculo.
Olunye itheyiphu ye-biografical - "Akekho mina," - Kunikezelwa empilweni kanye nendlela yokudala yomculi, yadalwa nguHiresy Haydnes. UKate Blanchett, uphinde wazalwa kabusha kumlingiswa ophambili, wanikezwa u-Oscar.
UDylan wahehwa ngokubambisana nalapho edala ifilimu ethi "Mauritan". Lesi sithombe lapho ingoma yomculi indoda kimi ifakwe khona e-soundtrack, yaya ezikrinini ngo-2021.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaBob Dilan yayingagcwalisiwe kunomsebenzi womculo. Uthando lokuqala lomculi lwaba ngumculi onekhono ogama lakhe linguSius Rotolo. Intsha yahlangana ngo-1961. I-Photo Beauty Sew yafakwa kwisembozo se-freeheelin 'disc. Ngeshwa, lobu budlelwano bahlukana: le ntombazane bekungeyona into eyanele ethandekayo. Ngemuva kokuhlukana, inhlolovo yathuthela e-Italy.
UDylan wakuthola ngokungathi ukulahlekelwa ngokulahleka kwesithandwa. Imizwa yomculi yayifakwe emabhukwini amabhuzu wesikhumba saseSpain. Ngemuva konyaka, i-rusu rololo ibuyela eMelika, ubuhlobo noDylan bahlala isikhathi esithe xaxa, kodwa ekugcineni intombazane yagcina yephule inhliziyo yomculi. UDylan uzwakalise izinhlungu engomeni elandelayo ye-ballad ecaleni D. D.
Ngokushesha, inhliziyo kaDilan yaqhuma uthando futhi. Kulokhu, uJoan Baez waba ngumculi okhethiwe. Le ntombazane nayo yenza izingoma ngesitayela sabantu. Izinga lothando labaculi ababili laba yinhlangano yokudala: Joan wahlabelela izingoma eziningi ezibhalwe nguBob, ngokwesibonelo, uBlowin 'emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, lobu budlelwano buphele: Ngo-1965, laba bahlukana.
Ngemuva kwalokho uMculi waba umlingisi u-Edid Sedgevik, umculi osemusha wanikezwa uGillspi kanye nemodeli ebukekayo yePlayboy Magazine Lweates. KwakunguSara okwazile ukuthatha izinhliziyo zikaBob Dilan isikhathi eside. Abathandi bashada. Isikhulu sokuqala esishade naye umculi asinikezela ngengoma ethi Lad-eyedy Lady of Lowlands. Lo mshado wanikeza uBob ukuzobulala izingane ezine. Kodwa-ke, leli qiniso alizange ligcine ubuhlobo kusuka kwigebe: Ngo-1970, uDilan wabona ukuthi owesifazane owayeseduze naye ngeke amqondise ngokuphelele. Umculi umshado ukhule futhi, okubizwa, okubizwa ngokuthineni lonke.
UBob Dylan washintsha amaphutha akhe, ezama ukuthola lokho kakhulu, ubuhlobo bodwa lapho ukuqonda okulindelwe khona isikhathi eside okulindelwe. Ukusesha kwathweswa umqhele ngempumelelo: UCaroline Dannis waba ngumka-Dylan, owayesemuva kweqembu lomculo kaBob. Umshado wesibili wanikeza umculi uDezir Gabriel Dannis Dylan, owazalwa ngo-1986. Ngeshwa, ngo-1992, kwahlukana umbhangqwana, futhi kusukela kuleso sikhathi uBob Dylan uthathwa njenge-bachelor enomhlange.
UBob Dylan manje
Manje uBob Dylan, naphezu kokudala, usavakashela futhi abhale ukushaya okusha. Ngo-2020, umculi wakhipha isiqeshana esiya engomalweni yamanga. Ukwakha ividiyo, kukhethwe isitayela sikaNoir. Le yithrekhi yesithathu eyandulela ama-disk anokhahlo nezindlela ezikhululekile.Ukufingqa umsebenzi wokudala oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, ngo-2021 Dylan wanquma ukuthengisa ilungelo kuzo zonke izingoma zakhe zendawo yonke. Inani lokuthengiselana, ekucabangeni kwe-NYT, lalingama- $ 300 million.
Ukwakhelekile
- Ngo-1962 - UBob Dylan
- Ngo-1964 - Izikhathi eziyi-A-Changin '
- Ngo-1970 - isithombe se-self
- 1980 - Silondoloziwe.
- 1981 - Ukudutshulwa kothando
- 1986 - Kukhishwe kulayishwe
- 1988 - phansi e-groove
- 1990 - Ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esibomvu
- Ngo-1992 - Kuhle njengoba ngibe kuwe
- 1993 - Umhlaba awunaphutha
- 1997 - Isikhathi Engaphandle Kwengqondo
- 2006 - Izikhathi Zanamuhla
- Ngo-2009 - Ngokuhlangana Ngempilo
- 2012 - Isiphepho.
- 2015 - amathunzi ebusuku
- 2016 - Ama-Angels awile
- Ngo-2017 - Lintathu.
- Izindlela ezingama-2020 - Izindlela ezinolaka nezikhululekile
Izics
- 1960 - "BBC: NgeSonto kusihlwa Piez"
- 1973 - "UPat Garrett noBilly Kid"
- Ngo-1978 - URenaldo noClara
- 1987 - "Izinhliziyo Ezivuthayo"
- Ngo-2003 - "khombisa ngekhulu"
I-Bibliography
- 1966 - Tarantul
- Ngo-2004 - "IziKronike"