I-Biograge
Sekuvele ubuciko bokuqala obusezingeni eliphezulu uValentina Serov, phakathi kwalo 'ntombazane enamapheya adumile' wavula umhlaba womfanekiso onethalente. Sekudlule iminyaka eminingana, futhi inkosi yafika esiqongweni sokuphelela, ithola izindlela ze-laconic nezokwezwakala zomlingiswa wesithombe.
Uchwepheshe wokupenda we-serov wavumela umdwebi ukuthi afinyelele ukufana okufana nalokhu ngaphandle kokudweba umuntu, nezithombe zepensela ezinezandla zakhe zokukhanya okokuqala ubuciko obugcwele baba nemisebenzi yobuciko egcwele. Amathafa omhlaba, imidwebo ngezihloko zomlando nezinganekwane, izilwane - konke kwakwazi ukuyazi kahle. Kepha into esemqoka, ekuqaleni wayengakubheka nje ukubamba umongo womuntu noma into.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umculi wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1865 eSt. Abazali bakaSerov bangabaqambi nabaculi. Umama uValentina Bergman - uvela emndenini wamaJuda, equkethe ibhentshi lempahla yamakoloni eMoscow. Isifiso somculo saholela entombazaneni eneminyaka engu-18 eSt. Petersburg Conservatory, kodwa ngenxa yokuphikisana nomholi uValentina washiya izifundo zakhe.
Izifundo ezizimele emculweni oneminyaka engu-43 u-Alexander Serov waphela emshadweni nomfundisi, okuyi-muscovite endala iminyaka engama-26. UValentina Serov ungumuntu wokuqala umqambi weRussia.
Ngemuva konyaka, lo mbhangqwana wazalwa amazibulo, athiwa uValentin, ekhaya - uTroy. Eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala, umfana wavakashela eYurophu. Wakhulela endaweni yaseBohemian lapho konke kwadonswa khona ngobuciko. U-Ivan Turgenev, i-Ilya Repin, uMark Antorthski kwakuyizivakashi ezivamisile endlini yesibhedlela yezitolo.
Ingane enenjabulo yaphela ngoValentina Serov eminyakeni eyisithupha ngokufa kukayise. Umama, i-nihistka kanye nomlandeli kaNikolai Chernyshevsky, bathumela umfana esifundazweni saseSmolensk, lapho umngani kaNina Drutsaya ayehlala khona epulazini le-micSky. Uyaya eMunich ukubhala i-opera futhi akhuphule ikhono.
Izinkumbulo zabalandeli bezinkolo zeChernyshevsky, ezinqume umfana Dutskaya, kubuhlungu. Ubudlelwano nobabekazi kwakungelona nobudlelwano no-anti: ngeprank elincane, lona wesifazane waphule isithombe somdwebi omncane, wasika ingubo yakhe eyintandokazi yakhe.
Ngemuva konyaka, uValentin Serov waya kumama. Owesifazane waphawula ikhono leNdodana ukuba adonse futhi akhombe umfana oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala ukuze afundele i-Munich Galle Kepping. Kepha lapha, umdwebi osemncane akazange abambezelekile: Ngonyaka, ngo-1874, umama oseMkhandlwini womculi we-Antortha athululela iNdodana, eyayiku-Zenith of Inkazimulo ngemuva i- "burlakov ku-volga".
Ngemuva konyaka, uValentina Serov waqhubeka. Ngo-1875, wabuyela eRussia kanye nonina wahlala efa nasehlane laseMoscow ezinkomeni zikaMamontov e-Abramsevo, lapho achitha khona ehlobo.
Ekwindla, umama waqubuka inoveli ene-niklost vasily nemchinov. Imibhangqwana, ukuthatha uToshu, waya eKiev, wabe eseya kumfundisi weNemchinovy esifundazweni saseKharkiv. Nginendodana yomfazi wezakhamuzi, uVasily Ivanovich waba nobudlelwano obunobungane. Ngokushesha umfana wavela emndenini, owabizwa ngokuthi uSasha.
Ngo-1878, uValentina Serov nezingane basuka epulazini ngenxa yesifo sokuqhubeka futhi baya enhlokodolobha. Indoda yahlala yokwelapha abalimi abagulayo. EMoscow, uSerov wabeletha indodakazi kaNadyu futhi wafunda ngokufa komfazi wezakhamuzi owatheleleka ngendiza.
Entwasahlobo, lona wesifazane washiya indodana endala enhloko-dolobha eya ekunakekelweni kwe-Ilya repin yahamba nezingane esifundazweni saseNovgorod. UValentin Serov waya ekilasini eli-3 ye-Metropolitan Gymnasium, lapho afunda khona ezandleni kubi, kepha imidwebo yepensela yomfana ithokoze wonke umuntu.
Imidwebo yokuqala ye-serov eneminyaka engu-14 yabhala ngo-1879, ebonisa umvikeli weSawa Mamontov noHulumeni. Imisebenzi yayithandwa kakhulu, kepha kusukela ekuzivocavoca komfundi onganaki kwaqedwa. UValentin Serov wahamba nothisha ukuhamba. Baxosha i-Ukraine, bavakashela eCrimea, kwathi ehlobo bayeka e-Abramsevo.
Ngemuva konyaka, idolobhana lakubo lavela e-biography yaseValentina Serov: Ngo-1880, umdwebi osemncane wangenela i-Artial Art Academy, ekilasini likaPavel Chistyakov, ophange uMikhail Vrubebeli, u-Ilya Repina, uVilly Polenov.
Ukunconywa kweStov neChistyakova kuphela kwaphela eminyakeni emi-5: Umdwebi osemncane, ngaphandle kwenkambo yokuthweswa iziqu, waya ekubhukuda okuzimele: waqhubeka nokufunda eYurophu, efunda ama-canvas amakhosi e-Italian kanye naseminyuziyamu yaseDashi.
Ukupenda
Ubuciko bakaValentina Serov budonsa abathonya u-Abramtsevo. Ehlane leMamontov, isithombe sendodakazi kaPhatron - inzalo eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala Mammoti, ibizwa nge- "ntombazane ngamapheya". Ukholo lwaba umculi inyanga nengxenye.
UValentin Serov, edweba intombazane, wazuza umgomo - "ubuhlakani obukhethekile obuhlala buzwa njalo ngomusa futhi awuboni ezithombeni." I-simulator encane kwi-canvas neqiniso ikhanya okusha kwezingane.
Inkosi encane yabeka umsebenzi owengeziwe emsebenzini we- "Girl Latsond yiLanga". Lesi sithombe sibonisa uMaria Simonovich, udadewethu ongumhlambi ongumyeni. Into esemqoka ku-Canvas ngumdlalo we-solar glare ehlanganisa amahlamvu. Umdwebi waphupha kalula umbono wepende. Wawa ukuthi "ngekhulu leminyaka yonke konke kubhaliwe, akusekho."
Ngaphambi kukaMasha Valentin Serov usethe lo msebenzi: Ukukhumbula okumnandi. Uma ubheka i-canvas, izithameli "ziyaminza" ngempela ekusukeni kwama-simulators, zizwa ukufudumala kwama-bunny "ama-bunnies".
Kokubili abathandi bokupenda bokupenda okokuqala babona ngonyaka we-1888 embukisweni weMoscow weselula. I-FreveryIasts ilinganise okusha kwe-Master, izinhlobo ezixubile ezixubile, ingaphakathi kanye nokuma komhlaba.
Ku-Abramtsev, eSerov kwakha isithombe sika-Olga Trubnikova, uMlobokazi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1889, lo mbhangqwana wake washada waya kulo mbukiso eParis. Ukubuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha eRussia, uValentin Serov wahamba ezweni lonke futhi wasebenza kakhulu imidwebo.
USerov akumangazi ukuthi kubizwa umfanekiso womndeni wasebukhosini. Ngo-1892, izicukuthwane zesifundazwe saseKharkive ukuhlonipha insindiso emnandi yomndeni wombuso lapho kupenda ukwakheka esiteshini saseBorksi kumemeze isithombe. Ngo-Alexander III, uValentin Serov wahlangana kanye, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ukuthi usebenze ezithombeni zenkosi, nemidwebo yemifanekiso yezasekhosini yasebukhosini - iKsenia, uMikhail kanye no-Olga - badweba imvelo.
Umdwebi wavunyelwa ukuba ahambele ukubhebhana kweTsar Nicholas II e-Assuse Cathedral. Ngakho-ke ngonyaka we-1896 isithombe se- "Miropomanaazing of the Soviet 'Soviet' Yangempela.
Kamuva, uValentin Serov wadala imidwebo yangaphambili ka-Alexander II noNicholas II, futhi ngokulandelana kwe-Empresce Alexandra Fedorovna, umdwebi wapenda isithombe senkosi ePreserserop. Kamuva, lo uzakazi uSerov - UKonstantin Korovin - wabona ukuthi i-sulfur ingeyokuqala ebonile futhi akhombise ukuthamba kwi-canvas, ubuhlakani nobuthakathaka bombusi.
Ngenxa yobuhlakani bomculi, ophikweni bayazi ukuthi u-Ilya Repin, u-Isaka Levitan, uNikolai Leskov kanye nabaculi babaphambili bekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Kusukela ngo-1898 kuya ku-1909, uValentin Serov wahola umhlangano wesikole saseMoscow wokupenda. Uthisha wakhe waqanjwa nguKuzma Petrov-vodkin, uPavel Kuznetov noMartiros Sayan.
Imidwebo yokudweba, uValentin Serov ukholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukudlulisa imizwa, umuzwa wezinhlamvu. Ubufakazi obukhanya kakhulu bokufezekiswa kwenhloso yiyona "imidwebo kaMiki Morozov", ebhalwe ngo-1901 futhi yamukelwa ngabantu besikhathi kanye nezizukulwane.
Ngawo-1910s, i-Master yasebenzisana nosomabhizinisi kanye nomhleli wezinkathi zamaRussia nguSergey Dyagilev. UValentin Serov uveze isibalo sezemidlalo, wadala iphosta yokusebenza kweBallerina anna Pavlova, wabhala isithombe somdansi onqunu u-Ida Rubinstein.
Isithombe somdanso samangala nge-serov ngesikhathi sikaStov. Ekupheleni kwendlela yokudala, umdwebi washiya ubuqiniso bezinhloko ezibhekise konamuhla. Umzimba okhubazekile we-IDA, wancishwa inyama, enezandla ezinde ezingekhono ngokwemvelo, i-rampin ibizwa ngokuthi "isidumbu."
Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-connoisseurs e-ART athole "ukuthungwa kwe-Europe" e-Matra, aphefumulelwe ngokuvakashela inkampani ibhubesi laseBaksta Island Crete. Esithombeni, uValentin Serov wasebenzisa ibanga elikhanyayo: inkunzi ebomvu ngemuva kwamagagasi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ku-canvas, amacebo okuqala ekubizeni awo abonakele.
Omunye wobuciko wakamuva weMarta - umfanekiso wenkosazana u-Olga Orlova, owabizwa ngokuthi "okokuqala egcekeni lentokazi" kanye "nowesifazane omuhle kakhulu weSt. Petersburg". Ngaphezulu kwe-polyspar yebhubesi yasebenza kusukela ngo-1909, waqeda umsebenzi wawuphume ngekhefu ngo-1911 futhi wajabula kakhulu ngomfanekiso wokuthi akuvamile ukuthi kube yi-serov.
Ubuciko obuncane bezobuciko obukhona obubanjwe emfanekisweni wokwaziswa kokhozi komculi phezu komlingiswa, uhlobo lokugcwala kwale ntokazi.
Abantu abahle baphupha ngomfanekiso weValentina Serov futhi ngasikhathi sinye besaba, ngoba umdwebi wezwazwe nge-phyognomist enhle kakhulu. Wabona umuntu edlula, emelela ngisho neqiniso lokuthi i-fitter yazama ukucasha. Okunjalo kungumfanekiso we-Felix Yusupova osemusha, i-smug kanye nendlalifa engekho emthethweni esifundazweni sesigidi, i-bisexual kanye ne-killer grigortin yesikhathi esizayo. Ngisho ne-pug felix igcizelela i-Master yomnikazi.
Amafilimu ambalwa adubule ngokuphila nomsebenzi womfanekiso omuhle kakhulu. Ngo-2015, itheyipu yedokhumenti "uValentin Serov. I-Biography neJografi - Abramsevo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngothando lwempilo yakhe yonke, u-Olga Trubnikova, umdwebi wahlangana eSimonovy, izihlobo ebhodini lomama, enyusa iSyrotot. Iminyaka engu-9 Abathandi babhala kabusha futhi balinda ihora lapho ikusasa lingaxhuma.NgoJanuwari 1889, lo mbhangqwana washada: UValentin Serov uthengise "amantombazane akhanyiswe yi-vanvas" futhi wadlala umshado ngemali etholiwe. Emshadweni ethempelini laseSt. Petersburg, u-Ilya Repin wayekhona. USerov wazinza eMoscow. Ezinye izingane zazalwa ngokulandelana.
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu nomndeni womfanekiso basuse ifilimu ekhishwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lomjikelezo "ngaphezu kothando".
Ukushona
Ekuseni kakhulu ekuseni ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 1911, uValentin Serov waqoqa upende namabhulashi ukuya edolobhaneni laseShcherbatov ukudweba imidwebo yomndeni. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okungalindelekile kumthambe kuye ezinyaweni zakhe. Umculi oneminyaka engu-46 ubudala ushone ngaso leso sikhathi. Umlingani wasindisa umyeni wakhe othandekayo iminyaka eyi-11.
Ukufa komculi eRussia kwabonakala kudabukisa njengokufa kuka-Alexander pushkin kanye nebhubesi uTolstoy. Ngangcwaba uValentina Serov emathuneni ama-don, kodwa kamuva wahlupheka njengothuli eNovoderhichi.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1875 - "I-Blue Vase"
- Ngo-1885 - "I-Self-Portrait"
- Ngo-1885 - "Portrait of O. F. Trubnikova"
- Ngo-1887 - "Intombazane enamapheya"
- Ngo-1888 - "Intombazane ikhanyisiwe yilanga"
- Ngo-1889 - "Portrait ka-P. A. Mammoth"
- 1892 - "Mina. E. Repin "
- 1893 - "Mina. I. Levitan "
- Ngo-1899 - "A. S. Pushkin "
- Ngo-1899 - "Alexander III"
- Ngo-1900 - "Nicholas II"
- Ngo-1901 - "Mika Morozov"
- 1902 - "Z. N. Yusupova "
- 1904 - "S. P. Dyagilev "
- Ngo-1909 - "Anna Pavlova"
- 1910 - "Ukuthumba eYurophu"
- 1910 - "Ida Rubinstein"
- 1911 - "Imidwebo ka-O. K. Orlova"