I-Biograge
UGeorge Byron yimbongi yesiNgisi, igama lakhe libizwa ngokuthi yisiqondisi sonke ezincwadini zomhlaba. Imisebenzi yenkondlo, ukuphelelwa yithemba okuphelele ngenxa yesihluku kanye nobuningi bomhlaba, imibono ephukile yothando kanye namaphupho angagcwaliseki ngomuntu omuhle, umxhwele hhayi okuhluphayo kwakolunye uhlangothi.
Ukuhlupheka nokuthandana nobuhlungu be-bairon kwakungenziwanga ukuthi: Le ndoda yabona ngempela izwe langempela futhi yakhathaza ngokungapheleli kwempilo nabantu. Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kwe-biography engokomoya, uGeorge Baarin ubuye agcwaliswe izinhlangothi zempilo yansuku zonke nomzimba.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UGeorge Gordon Byron wazalelwa eLondon ngoJanuwari 22, 1788. Umndeni wembongi yesikhathi esizayo, naphezu kolwazi, wayempofu impela. Umama womfana waba ngumfazi wesibili weNkosi Bynaly Sr. Lapho nje uGeorge George wayedlula iminyaka emithathu, njengoba kushona uyise, eshiya umkakhe enomntwana enganelweni yakhe futhi engekho ngaphandle kokuziphilisa.
Owesifazane owayenaye ingane ubuyela emndenini wendlu kaMkhandlu Omusha, owayengaphansi kokungaphansi kwenkosi, kamuva eyazuza i-byron eyayizuze kamuva. Impilo enqabeni yayingeyona eyasebukhosini nhlobo: Isakhiwo esidala sadilizwa, sikhumbuza njalo ngophawu lwezikweletu. Umama kaGeorge wagcina edlulile ngenxa yobunzima obungapheli futhi wayeka njalo indodana yakhe, ukubala okwakungaphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bayron yahlupheka ngenxa ye-chromotype ye-congenital, eyayivame ukuba yindaba yokugibela kontanga. Umfana wakhathazeka kakhulu ukuthi ngolunye usuku wacela udokotela onqume umlonyeni womndeni. Sahleka embongi yesikhathi esizayo futhi ngenxa yesisindo - kuyaziwa ukuthi ngonyaka we-17 uGeorge wasindwa amakhilogremu ayi-102. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula kwensizwa kwakungamamitha ayi-1,72 kuphela.
Izimo ezinjalo zaba nomthelela uhlobo lomntwana osemncane, owaphenduka waba yintsha evaliwe futhi enamahloni, eyayizwa epuletini lakhe kuphela kuphela, namaphupho akhe. Kungumuzwa - osondelene naye, akukho diaganum kwabanye - i-bayron izofunga intambo ebomvu kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
Imfundo yamabanga aphansi uGeorge wangena ekhaya, wenza uthisha ozayo. Ngokuzayo, i-bayron yafundwa esikoleni sangasese sangasese. Ngo-1801, uGeorge wajoyina amazinga omfundi avale isikole ngenxa yama-aristorats edolobheni laseHarrow, kwathi eminyakeni emine kamuva wangena eTrinity College e-University of Cambridge. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lolu cwaningo lwanikezwa i-bayron encane ebunzima, kodwa isithakazelo ezincwadini savuka kusukela esemncane.
Into yokufunda
Incwadi yokuqala kaBaron, ebizwa ngokuthi "Izinkondlo Uma kwenzeka," ziphume ngo-1806. Ngemuva konyaka, imbongi yaphrinta enye iqoqo lezinkondlo - "Bukela Ukungcebeleka". Ngokungafani nempilo yansuku zonke, ubuqambi bavumela uBhairon ukuba bazwe ukuzethemba emandleni abo. Kodwa-ke, umphakathi uthande kakhulu wasabela embongi entsha, esenze isingeniso esabhalwa yincwadi ebhalwe yincwadi yesibili. Imbongi ibingadideki futhi inikezelwe kubagxeki ku-catustic satire "amaNgisi Bards kanye nababukeli baseScotland", ababengathandwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi ye-lyrical ngokwabo.
Ngo-1809, imbongi yaphoqeleka ukuba ishiye umbuso wakhe wokuhlangene. Iqiniso ngukuthi, ngenkathi umfundi, i-bayron yawunomlutha wekhadi lemidlalo notshwala. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi izinto ezinjalo zokuzilibazisa zihlale zikwenza ama-cutetters amancane esabeni lesifushane sikaGeorge Baaron. Wagcina lonke iqiniso lokuthi imbongi yanquma ukumane iphunyuke kubabolekisi nalabo ababolekisi ababelahlekelwe ukubekezela.
Ngokubambisana nomngani wakhe uJohn Hobhaus Byron waqhubeka nohambo. Abangani babebona amaGrisi, eSpain, ePortugal namanye amazwe. Umphumela oyinhloko wohambo kwakuyinkondlo "Pilombia ingane uHarold". Lokhu kulandisa kothando lomhambi, owadlula ngokudumazeka ezweni eliseduze futhi wasinda ekulimazekeni okuphelele kwemibono yentsha mayelana nezwe. Vele, iqhawe eliyinhloko lenkondlo ukuboniswa kombhali, imizwa yakhe kanye nabantu.
Izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala zengane - uHarold zaphuma ngo-1812 zaveza khona inkondlo ukuthandwa kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi ohlakaniphile. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela yi-bayron yasebenza ezinkondlo ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Eastern Poims - "Lara", "Gyur", "u-Abido Makoti". Le misebenzi iphinde yalahla uthando lwabafundi kanye nokuphrinta ngenkuthalo.
Ngo-1816, uGeorge Byron ushiye eNgilandi ekugcineni. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbongi ingazange ikwazi ukukhipha ingxenye yesithathu yengane yathula nezinkondlo eziyishumi nambili, kodwa futhi ihlukanise umkakhe, yenza isithunzi sawo wonke umuntu ozicabangela imbongi, kodwa ayifinyelelanga Inkazimulo kaBaron.
Umama kaGeorge Bairon usevele washiya impilo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, imbongi yakwazi ukuthengisa ngokuthula ifa elijwayelekile le-generic sext, okwamvumela isikhashana ukuthi akhohlwe ngobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo. IByron yahlala edolobhaneni eliseSwitzerland, lapho ngezikhathi ezithile kwakhethwa ngohambo lwezwe lonke.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imbongi yaphinde yathutha, kulokhu eVenice. Lo muzi ucela uBhairon kakhulu kangangokuba wabhala izinkondlo eziningana ezinikezelwe eVenice. Lapha waphothula engomeni yesine ye-Pree Harold, kwathi ngo-1818 waqala ukubhala inkondlo ebizwa ngokuthi yiDon Juan, okushayela kamuva kanye nabagxeki bemibhalo nakanjani nakanjani babizwa ngokuthi yiNgcwele emsebenzini weNkosi BAIRON. Lo msebenzi ufaka izingoma eziyi-16.
Ngokufana neDon Juan, i-bayron yaqhubeka nokusebenza e-Harold-Harold, futhi yabhala inkondlo kaMazepa nezinkondlo eziningi. Ngokuvamile, le nkathi, eyayihambisana ne-biography yaseByron nobudlelwano nowesifazane wakhe othandekayo, yaba izithelo kakhulu emagameni okudala.
Ngeshwa, "uDon Juan", wakhulelwa njenge-almanac ethile yezingoma ezingama-50, wahlala engapheli. Abafundi bebengazi ukuthi kuyini ukuhamba nokufika komJuda omnandi, ngoba uhambo lokuphila kweNkosi uhron uqobo lwaze lwaphela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yembongi nokuphila, nangemva kokufa kwakuzungezwe ukuqagela, ukweqisa namahlebezi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalezo zikhathi ezaziwayo zaziwa, zikuvumela ukuthi wahlulele i-Lord Barson njengendawo enesibindi esanele ngokuya ngezindaba zenhliziyo, kanye nangomuntu odelela isimilo esilengayo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi udadewabo wokufingqa u-Agasti (indodakazi ka-Agasti (indodakazi kayise kusukela emshadweni wokuqala) waba yizinqumo zokuqala zembongi. Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1814, iBayron yanikeza umnikelo ku-Anna Isabelle Milbank entsha entsha. Le ntombazane ayivumanga ukushada nembongi, kodwa wakujabulela ukuxhumana noGeorge ngezinhlamvu. Ngemuva konyaka, i-bayron yanquma ukuphinde icele izandla nezinhliziyo ze-anna enhle. Kulokhu intombazane yamukela lo musho, waba ngumkakhe wembongi imbongi.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lowo oshade naye wanikeza iBayoro Perennez - indodakazi yesihogo. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi ubudlelwano be-pair sebuvele buvele buqhekekile emithungo. Futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, u-Anna Mirbank wathatha ingane wabuyela endlini yabazali. Owesifazane wachaza isinqumo sakhe ngokungathembeki umyeni wakhe nemikhuba yakhe eyinqaba, kanye nobuphofu obuqhubekayo nokudakwa kukaBaron.
Ngaphansi kwemikhuba eyinqaba, u-Ana washo ubuhlobo bobungqingili bomyeni wakhe, okuthi eNgilandi wajeziswa ngokufa. Ngokushesha nje emva kokusuka konkosikazi wakhe, iNkosi Byron yashiya izwe, iqhubeke nohambo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indodakazi kaByna Byrona Hell ibizwa ngokuthi yi-programmer yokuqala emhlabeni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi isifundo esinjalo sakhanga owesifazane walesosikhathi, kodwa iqiniso liyiqiniso, i-Hell Lovelace (owayethatha isibongo somyeni wakhe) kwakuwuhlelo lokuqala lomshini wekhompiyutha owakhiwe nguCharles Babbird.
Ngo-1817, uBaron wayenendaba emfushane nentombazane egama linguClaire Clairmont, udadewethu waseSoviet womlobi uMary Shelley. UClaire wethule imbongi yindodakazi yesibili. Intombazane ebizwa nge-allegra yafa eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Ngo-1819 wanikeza uBeration ubudlelwano obusha be-bairon abajabule ngempela ngembongi. Izinketho zikaGeorge zaba uTeresa Guichchii. Ngesikhathi sokuthandana neByron, lona wesifazane washada, kodwa ngokushesha wahlukaniswa noshade naye futhi waqala ukuphila obala nembongi, engesabi umbono womphakathi. Isikhathi esichithwa noTeresa sabathela i-bairon ngokwemigomo yobuciko. Kuze kufike eGrisi, imbongi izohlala nesithandwa.
Ukushona
Ngo-1824, uGeorge Byron waya eGreece ukusekela i-Upring, ehlelwe ngokumelene nokubusa kwamaTurks. Imbongi yayihlala emakamelweni nasezintanjeni kanye nezihlubuki. Izimo ezinjalo azizange zehlise ukuphonsa impilo kaBaron. Imbongi yathatha umkhuhlane omubi futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-Ephreli 19, 1924, yafa.
Odokotela bavule umzimba wembongi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinye izidumbu zanqunywa ukuba zijabulele futhi zihambe esontweni lendawo, elaliwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha kwabiwa lezi zinkundla. Isidumbu sikaYebina bakaBharon sathunyelwa ezweni lembongi yembongi futhi sangcwatshwa eduze kwezindawo ezintsha zezinkomo, ezazikade zingezisemndenini wakhe.
Kunezikhumbuzo ezi-4 embongi ezingokwezwe: ezimbili zazo zitholakala e-Italy, eyodwa eGrisi neyodwa - emnyuziyamu waseDanishi. Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu othanda izinkondlo ze-bayron bafuna ukuthatha isithombe eduze kwesimo sembongi esithandekayo.
I-Bibliography
- 1806 - "Izinkondlo Uma kunjalo"
- 1813 - "Giaur"
- Ngo-1813 - "U-Abidos Maride"
- Ngo-1814 - "Corsair"
- 1814 - "Lara"
- Ngo-1818 - "Pilgrimage of CEDE Harold"
- 1819-1824 - "Don JUan"
- 1819 - "Mazepa"
- Ngo-1821 - "UKayini"
- Ngo-1821 - "Izulu Nomhlaba"
- Ngo-1822 - "Werner, noma Ifa"
- Ngo-1823 - "I-Bronze Age"
- Ngo-1823 - Isiqhingi, Isiqhingi kanye Nabalingani Bakhe "