I-Biograge
I-Erich isuka - i-american psychoanalyst enezimpande zaseJalimane, ezakha umqondo we-Humanistic Psychoanaanalysis. Ummeleli okhanyayo wesikole saseFrankfurt, ongomunye wabasunguli be-neofreedism kanye neFreidomarxism.
Izincwadi eziningi i-Theorist of the Psychology of the Psychology of the Psychology ezibhalwe ngolimi olubukhoma zaba abathengisi: "Ukudilizwa kwenkululeko", "Uthando lwaKho", "Uthando lobuciko."
Ingqikithi enkulu yokuqamba kwe-Erich Orma, cishe yonke impilo yakhe enikezelwe esifundweni sokuqonda, kwaba ukungqubuzana kobukhona bomuntu emhlabeni.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Psychoanalyst yesikhathi esizayo yazalelwa eFrankfurt am Main ngo-1900. Ingane kuphela e-Erich emndenini wamaJuda ama-Orthodox. UNaftali fromm, inhloko yomndeni, esitolo sewayini. Umama u-Erich, Rosa Krause, indodakazi yabafuduki evela ePoznan (khona-ke iPrussia). Lo mndeni usekele amasiko enkolo, futhi abazali baphupha ngokubona indodana yakhe uRabi noma, emculweni.
U-Erich wafunda esikoleni, lapho izisekelo zobuJuda kanye nezinto ezijwayelekile zemfundo zafundiswa. Ngo-1918, kwavela iziqu esikoleni futhi waba ngumfundi waseHeidelberg University. Eyunivesithi, u-Erich wakhetha ifilosofi, yezenhlalo kanye ne-psychology ngezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngo-1922, u-Erich usuka kwi-dissertation yakhe uDefertation ngokukhetha ingqikithi yomthetho wamaJuda kanye nenhlalo ye-socish Diaspora. Umphathi wakhe kwakungu-Alfred Weber - umfowabo omncane wesazi-mlando odume umhlaba wonke kanye ne-Economist Max Weber.
Kusuka kwaqhubeka nemfundo eBerlin, e-Institute of Psychoanalysts, edume ngabafundi bakhe nothisha nge-sandor rado, max eiteitison, uWilhelm Raihich.
EBerlin, i-Erich fromm yahlangana noKaren Horney wesikhathi esizayo, i-psychoanalystst, iziqu zesikhungo kanye nesibalo esibalulekile se-neofreedism. Ithonya likaHorney lasiza kusuka kuma-frommus agxile kokuthunyelwe kukaprofesa we-psychology eChicago.
Ifilosofi
Maphakathi nawo-1920s, u-Erich usuka e-psychoanalyst wavula umkhuba wangasese, owayengamiswa iminyaka engama-35. Ukuxhumana neziguli kwanikeza impahla ecebile yokuhlaziya izici zemvelo nezenhlalo zokwakhiwa kwe-psyche yomuntu.
EFrankfurt, esebenza e-Institute of Social Christian kusuka ngo-1929 kuya ku-1932, kwaqondakala futhi kwahlukanisa okubonile. Ngale minyaka, wabhala futhi wakhipha imisebenzi yokuqala ngezindlela nezinhloso zezengqondo.
Ngo-1933, u-Adolf Hitler wabusela, usosayensi wathuthela eSwitzerland, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo eMelika. ENew York, u-Ofma wayiswa eColumbia University, enomdlandla wokufundisa ngokwengqondo kanye ne-sociology. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940, usosayensi waseJalimane wema emgadweni wokwakhiwa kweWashington School of Psychiatry, kwathi ngo-1946 waba ngumsunguli we-Institute of Psychiam Alansson White.
Ngo-1950, i-Psychoanalystst yathuthela enhlokodolobha yaseMexico futhi yasebenza njengothisha eyunivesithi enkulu kunazo zonke ezizimele eNyakatho neNingizimu Melika iminyaka engu-15. U-Erich fromm uphenya amaphrojekthi ezenhlalo e-eras ehlukile futhi washicilela umsebenzi "Wenthole Westication" lapho ugxeka uhlelo lobungxowankulu.
Ngo-1960, usosayensi waba yilungu leqembu laseMelika Socialicist waze wabhala nohlelo izisekelo zokuthi amaqembu ngemuva kwezimpikiswano ezinde anqabe. U-Erich usuka esifundweni sabafundi bezinkulumo, ahlanganiswe imisebenzi yesayensi futhi ebambe iqhaza emibuleni. Enye i-psychoanalyst kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo yamenyelwa emanyuvesi eNew York naseMichigan.
I-Offma Works yakujabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu. I-BestSeller yaba yincwadi ethi "Ukundiza Enkululeko", enyatheliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940. Usosayensi wahlola ushintsho ku-psyche kanye nokuziphatha komuntu emikhakheni yesiko laseNtshonalanga, kubhekwa njengokufisa kwakhe isizungu. Ukunakwa okukhethekile emsebenzini wakhe kwakha isikhathi seNguquko nezimfundiso zezazi zemfundiso kaJean Calvin noMartin Luther.
Ngo-1947, usosayensi wabhala ukuqhubeka kwesifundo esithandwayo ngenxa yenkululeko, umbize "owesilisa," okwakheke ngokwakhe, "okwakheke umlando wokuzifaka emaqinisini nasenkabeni yentshonalanga. U-Erich kusuka ku-Erich wabona imbangela ye-neuroses ekunqobeni komuntu emzabalazweni wenkululeko, futhi umsebenzi we-psychoanalysis wakubiza ukudalulwa kweqiniso ngaye.
Maphakathi nawo-1950s, umsunguli we-Huiment Psychoanalysis ushicilele incwadi ethi "Healthy Society", lapho aphakamisa khona isihloko sobudlelwano phakathi komphakathi nomuntu. Kulomsebenzi, u-Erich usuka e-Erich wazama "ukubuyisana" nemibono ephambene neSigmund Freud naseKarl Marx. Owokuqala wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu ngokwemvelo ama-antsocial, owesibili - lowo muntu 'uyisilwane sikahulumeni'. Le ncwadi yaba ngumthengisi, ocaphuna ama-quotes. Omunye wabo:
"Ngekhulu le-XIX. Inkinga ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufile; Ku-XX - Uyini umuntu ofile. "Ukuhlola i-Psychology Yomuntu Yabantu kanye nokuziphatha ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zemiphakathi namazwe, i-psychoanalyst yaphetha ngokuthi ukubulawa kwabantu okuncane kwenziwa emazweni ampofu kakhulu. I-cinema, umsakazo, ithelevishini, i-frekdom mass yemicimbi ebizwa nge- "Izindlela Zokuzisindisa ekuphazamisekeni kwemizwa, futhi uma zithatha lezi" zizuzwa kubantu bempucuko yaseNtshonalanga amasonto amane, kwatholakala izinkulungwane eziningi ze-neuros.
Maphakathi nawo-1960s, iFrome yanikeza abalandeli umsebenzi omusha, okuthiwa "umphefumulo womuntu". Encwadini, isazi sezengqondo saseJalimane sagxila kakhulu ebubini. Ngomqondo othile, lo msebenzi usuphenduke ngokuqhubekayo komunye, obizwa ngokuthi "uthando lobuciko". Ukuphikisana ngohlobo lobubi, u-Erich kusuka emkhosini ungumkhiqizo wesifiso sokubusa, futhi hhayi ama-sodist amabi kakhulu nezilo, bangaki abantu abajwayelekile abagxile emandleni ezandleni zabo.
Ngawo-1970, i-Erich FromM, iyaqhubeka nokuhlaziya izinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi, yakhipha umsebenzi we- "anatomy of strust
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando Oludala Emnyakeni Womane Agen Erich kusuka ku-Fromm kusuka ngokusobala ukuntuleka kokushisa komama ebuntwaneni. Unkosikazi wokuqala wososayensi oneminyaka engama-26 ubudala waba nguzakwana olungile kunabo bonke kukaFrida Reichmann, onesifundo sezinkulumo ze-psychoanalysis.
NgoFrieda kusuka kuFrieda waphila iminyaka emi-4 kuphela, kepha umfazi waba nomthelela ekwakhekeni komyeni wakhe. Ngemuva kokuhlukana, bahlala abangane, futhi bahlukana ngokusemthethweni ngawo-1940, lapho u-Erich wahlangana noKaren Horde.
I-Feminist yabesifazane edumile ne-Psychoanalyst Hornoy bavame ukungena ebuhlotsheni bothando nozakwabo, badumale njalo ngabakhethiweyo. Kwesinye isikhathi, uKaren wayenabathandi abaningana ngasikhathi sinye, ngamunye wabo wagcwalisa izimfanelo ezingekho zokuphumula.
UKaren no-Erich bajwayelana neBerlin. Inoveli yakhanya eMelika, lapho bathuthela khona. I-Horney iqeqeshelwa ubuchwepheshe be-Fromm Psychoanalysis, uyi-Asia yakhe yezenhlalo. Inoveli ayizange iboshwe umshado ngomshado, kepha ososayensi baqedele ulwazi futhi bathonye ukukhula okuqhubekayo kochwepheshe.
Okwesibili, kusukela ngo-Emm kushade eminyakeni engama-40. Umkakhe waba neminyaka eyi-10 uHenney Gourland, umthwebuli wezithombe kanye nentatheli. UHenny wayenesifo esinzima sangemuva. Ukwenza lula ukuhlupheka koshade naye, kusuka kulolu hlelo ngeseluleko sodokotela bathuthela eMexico City. Ukufa kothandekayo wakhe ngo-1952 kwashaqeka usosayensi. Ukuhlala ne-Gourland, i-psychoanalyst yaseJalimane yayinentshisekelo ku-Mystics ne-Zen Buddhism.
Ngakwazi ukubhekana nokudangala u-Erich, ngihlangane no-Annis MALEMEN. Waba nguyena owemafazi wesifazane owawusemncane.
Ngokubambisana, abashadikazi bahlala eneminyaka engama-27, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kososayensi. U-Anny Annice waseMelika waphefumulela umyeni wakhe ukuthi abhale "uthando lobuciko" lwesayensi. "
Ukushona
Ngaphansi kwekhethini lawo-1960s, u-Erich Ofma wabona ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kokuqala. Maphakathi nawo-1970, usosayensi wathuthela eSwitzerland Moncane, lapho aphothula khona encwadini ethi "Abe nayo". Ngo-1977 nango-1978, kusukela ku-Program bekunokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwesibili neyesithathu.
Inhliziyo ye-psychoanalyst edumile yaphela ngo-1980. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhumbuzo se-Erich kusuka ngaphandle akusinde ezinsukwini ezi-5.
I-Bibliography
- 1922 - "Umthetho wamaJuda. Ku-sociology of diasporo Jewin "
- 1941 - "Inkululeko Endiza"
- Ngo-1947 - "Umuntu Wedwa"
- Ngo-1949 - "Umuntu nowesifazane"
- Ngo-1950 - "I-Psychoanalysis kanye nenkolo"
- 1951 - "Ulimi Okhohliwe. Isingeniso kwisayensi yokuqonda amaphupho, izinganekwane nezinganekwane "
- 1955 - "Umphakathi onempilo"
- 1956 - "Uthando lobuciko"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwezinto ezikhohlisayo zisigqila. Njengoba ngihlangane noMarx noFreud "
- Ngo-1968 - "Imvelo Yomuntu"
- 1970 - "Inkinga ye-Psychoanalysis"
- 1973 - "I-Anatomy Yokubhulo Kwabantu"
- 1976 - "Yiba noma ube"
- Ngo-1979 - "Okukhulu Nokubuthana Kwombono KaFreud"
- 1981 - "Ngokungalaleli nakwezinye izindatshana"