I-Biograge
U-Isaac Ilsich Levitan wadume ngekhono lakhe lokucula ubuhle bemvelo yaseRussia. Ngokuphila, okugcwele ukuhlaselwa nokuwa, umculi akazange athole umkakhe nezingane. Sonke isikhathi sikhishwe indoda enikezele ukupenda, ishiya inzalo yemidwebo, umlingo ogcwele wemifula, amahlathi nezikhala ze-steppe.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Bitagraph kaLevitan ivela ekuhlanyeni okuncane kweLithuania, eduzane nesiteshi sesitimela seKingard. Umfana, owazalwa ngo-Agasti 18 (Agasti 30), ngo-1860, waba yingane yesine emndenini wamaJuda ophansi ophansi. Uyise ka-Isaka, owazi kahle amaJalimane nesiFulentshi ngokuzimela, wanikeza izifundo zangasese futhi wasebenza njengesilawuli esiteshini.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuntuleka kwemibono, umndeni wakwaVevitan uqhubekela eMoscow. Naphezu kobunzima bezezimali, abazali bavumela u-Isaac omkhulu u-Isaac ukuba angenele esikoleni sokupenda, ama-draines kanye nokwakhiwa kwazo. UJunior Levitan, owayenesifiso sokuzilibazisa kwabafowethu, uchitha isikhathi esiningi, ebukele umsebenzi wabaculi abadumile - othisha.
Esethole iminyaka engu-13 ubudala, le nsizwa ingena esikoleni esifanayo. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, umama uyafa. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emi-2, ngemuva kwesithandwa, uLevideli omkhulu uyaphuma esuka empilweni. Lapho esehambile izintandane, lezi zinsizwa azizange ziyeke ukufunda ukupenda.
Isiphetho sothisha abahle abangamaJuda abakhathazekile ababonile ithalente lokuzalwa kuka-Isaka. Abasebenzi bamfundise baqhakambisa inzuzo yemali eyayinika uLevitan, kwathi ofunda nabo banikwa amabhulashi nemicu.
Kakade ngawo-1870s, umfundi wesikole wabona ukuthi uyathanda ukudala uhlobo lwendawo. Kwenye yemibukiso yokuqala engeyona eyezimali, isitayela esingajwayelekile salowo mculi saphawula uPavel Tretakov. I-patron yathola isithombe "Usuku lwe-Autumn Day. Sokolniki. "
Ukupenda
Ukunaka kukaTretakov kwaphakamisa ukuzithemba kukaLevi-uqobo kwamehlo akhe, kepha akuzange kuthuthukise isimo sezezimali sensizwa. Ukondla, u-Isaka udonsela imifanekiso isonto ngalinye. Isikhathi samahhala, umculi ozinikele usebenzela umphefumulo.
Isitayela sakho, esibonakala ngokutadisha okuchumayo kwemininingwane, uLevitan ekugcineni waqonda ngo-1880. Ngo-1884, umsebenzi womdwebi walinganisa uzakwethu. U-Isaac wathatha ubambiswano lwemibukiso yezobuciko yeselula. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Isaka wehla izifundo zakhe ngaphandle kokuqeda isifundo futhi engatholi isihloko esithi "Umculi wasekilasini".
Naphezu kwempumelelo efanelwe, isimo esingokomzwelo sikaLevitan asihlukaniswa ngokuqina. Ngo-1885, umculi usuka efeni likaKiselev, ukuba azwe ngemuva komzamo wokuzibulala. Ukusekelwa okukhethekile nosizo ku-Isaka kuthola emndenini weChekhov, namalungu ahlangana ebuntwaneni.
I-epoch ehlukile emsebenzini womculi imakwe nguhambo oluya eVolga. Emabhange omfula uLevitan waphinde wazizwa uthando ngokuphila. Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngu-Isaka ngalesi sikhathi ihlukaniswa ngesimo esijabulisayo. Umculi osondelene wathi ukumamatheka kwavela ku-canvases. Ngemuva kokuvakashela ukuthunjwa, uLevitan udala "kuVolga" lapho umklomelo ethola khona umncintiswano weMoscow Socity of Art Lovers.
U-Isaka wenza imisebenzi yabo emihle kakhulu emhlanganweni wokusebenzela, umdwebi wawunikeza umculi uSergey Timoozov Morozov. Udumo ngemisebenzi kaLevitan selusakazeke eMoscow, ngakho-ke ingxenye yezezimali yempilo yale ndoda yayeka ukugqoka umlingiswa ophahlazeka.
I-Filosophical Echo yavela emsebenzini wezinto ezijabulisayo. Indoda eyayicabanga okuningi ngendawo yomuntu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi yabonisa ngokugqamile okukhonkotha esithombeni "ngaphezulu kwesifunda esivuthayo". Kumarekhodi okomuntu siqu, uLevi waxabana ukuthi usezitshale imali egqokezele e-canvas.
Iminyaka eyi-10 elandelayo ka-Isaka ichitha ngokuhamba emhlabeni wonke. Ukuvumela izivivinyo, umdwebi ulahlekelwa ngumusa wabalandeli. Izithombe ezithi "Lake Como", "enyakatho ye-Italy" kanye "nogu loLwandle iMedithera" alukujabuleli ukuqashelwa. Umculi uphinde ugeleze e-Handra ngenxa yezibuyekezo ezingathandeki.
Ukuhlupheka kwengqondo kukhuliswe ngokomzimba. Izinkinga empilweni yomuntu siqu ziyisizathu sokuzama kwesibili kokuzama ukuzibulala, okufanayo kungaphumeleli njengangaphambili. Okuhlangenwe nakho kukhuthazelelwa ugqozi, kwathi ngo-1895, efeni laseLuimanje kwakha uMartha. Ukuma komhlaba okuqinisekisa impilo kamuva kwahlehlisa isikhathi eside umnikelo we-Admirer Isaac Pavel Tretakov.
Ukunyuka kobuciko kuphinde kunikeze i-levitan ebuhlungu ukudala. Esikhathini esithi "esikhulu", esihlala njalo, ngenkathi u-Isaak, ahlala endlini yesithandwa esilandelayo, avele ekhanyayo "ekwindla ekwindla", ekhombisa ukugeleza komfula. Esimweni esifanayo, umdwebi udonsa "intwasahlobo. Amanzi amahle ", enziwe ekushintsheni kwezinhlamvu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziphuzi neziluhlaza.
Ngo-1898, uLevitan uqokwa yinhloko yomhlangano wesikole, umdwebi angazange aqede ngasikhathi sinye. Esithombeni sikaLevitan walesi sikhathi, iminonjana yokugula isivele iyabonakala, kepha umdwebi akanciphisi ijubane futhi usaqhuba iningi losuku e-workshop yakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala lukaLevitan lwakhanga uMaria Chekhov - udadewabo wombhali odumile. Ukuvakashela umngani edolobhaneni laseBabinoni, lo mculi wadlulisela entombazaneni eyayinothando ngokupenda. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngokuthatha isibindi, uLevitan wavuma uMariya othandweni, kepha ubuhle obungenalwazi buqhuma babaleka.
Impendulo efanayo yathukuthela u-Isaka. Kuthathe isikhathi esiningi ukuze abantu bakukhule baphinde baqale ukuxhumana, banqume ukuthi abamiselwe ukuba ndawonye. Ubungane bethenda baqhubeka kuze kube sekufeni komculi. UMariya wavuma uMariya, ukuthi uma enqume ukushada, khona-ke kuye kuphela.
Ukuba yimibuthano yeMoscow, u-Isaac uyajwayela uSofia Kuvutynikova. Owesifazane ubambe i-salon yezwe lapho ababhali nabaculi bahlangana khona. Ukushada ebukekayo kwakumdala kuneLevitan iminyaka eyi-10, engazange ivimbele inoveli enesivunguvungu. Ngaphansi kokuzithoba kwezifundo zokudweba u-Isaka noSophia bavame ukushiya iVolga ndawonye.
Ukuphela kobudlelwano kwafakwa emahemuhemu ahlukaniswe eMoscow ngenxa yokubonisa okungakhathali kwemizwa yenkosikazi. Ngokwenye inguqulo, amaRoma of Artists aphela ngenxa ka-Anna Nikolaevna Turchaninov.
Unkosikazi kaSenator waseSt. Petersburg wahlala eduze kwefa likaKuvshtina, lapho abathandi bachitha khona ehlobo. U-Ana - ontanga kaSophia - wahlushwa ukungazethembi futhi wayethanda uLevi emuhle. Ngemuva kokucaciswa isikhathi eside ubudlelwano bukaKruvinikov, ngabuyela kumyeni wami, futhi u-Isaka wathuthela endlini eya eTurchaninov.
Kodwa-ke, ubuntu besithathu bangenelela ekuxhumaneni kwe-aristocratka ekhangayo nomculi onethalente. Indodakazi ka-Anna Nikolaevna Varbara yaba nesithakazelo esithandazweni sikanina futhi yasabisa ngembulwa ngembulizo eyimfihlo noma ukuphela. Kodwa-ke, akuzange kuyeke uthando. Ukuxhumana okusondele kwaqhubeka nokufa uLevitan.
Ukushona
Izinhlungu zenhliziyo lapho uLevi ahlaselwa khona kusukela esemncane, anda ngeminyaka. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, umculi wayevame ukuthatha izifo ezicekela phansi ukungavikeleki kwakhe. Ukuqubuka kwesibili kwama-typhoids esiswini nakho akuzange kuhambele indoda ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Ngenxa yezifo nobuhlungu enhliziyweni kaLevitan, waze wenqaba ukujabulisa kwakhe othandekayo - ukuzingela. Konke lokhu kwathinta isimo sengqondo sika-Isaka. Onomiya owayeka ukuqaphela umculi. Isimo somuntu siguqukile sisuka enjabulweni ngokuneqhakaza ku-teard-melancholic.
Ukukholelwa esikhathini esizayo kwabuya kwaLevitan ngemuva kohambo lokuya e-Yalta ebusika bango-1889. Esikhathini sokuphumula, umdwebi wachitha isikhathi esiningi emphakathini wase-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Ukubuyela eMoscow, u-Isaka waqala ukudweba nokufundisa.
Entwasahlobo yango-1900, ku-plenier eKhimki Isaac Ilyich wagula. Ukubanda okulula, okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokungenakuthezeka okungekho emthethweni kanye nesifo senhliziyo esingamahlalakhona, ekugcineni kwaba buthaka umculi. I-Tuberculosis yengezwe ezinhlungwini ezibuhlungu enhliziyweni.
Ngemuva kokushushumbiswa okubuhlungu kukaJuni 22 (Agasti 4), 1900, uLevitan washona. U-Isaka u-Ilyich wangcwatshwa emathuneni ama-dorogomilovsky, endaweni yokungcwatshwa kwabamele abantu abangamaJuda.
Ukusebenza
- 1885-1889 - "I-Birch Grove"
- Ngo-1889 - "Igolide ekwindla"
- 1889 - "Ngemuva kwemvula. Izimbotshana "
- Ngo-1892 - "Ukukhala Kwasekuseni"
- Ngo-1894 - "Phezu kwesifunda saphakade"
- Ngo-1895 - "Mashi"
- 1896-1897 - "Intwasahlobo - Amanzi Amakhulu"
- 1898 - "Ukuthula"
- Ngo-1899 - "Imisebe yokugcina yeLanga"
- 1900 - "Twilight"