I-Biograge
I-Valentin Pikul yayiphakathi kwababhali abathandwa kakhulu be-USSR. Izincwadi zakhe zathengwa khona manjalo, bekufanele kuphela ukungena emashalofini ezitolo zezincwadi. Ukugxekwa bekungahlali kumnene kumlobi, kepha isilinganiso sangempela sethalente sifunwa ngumfundi, futhi uValentina Savvich akazange abe nokuntuleka kokuntuleka. Imisebenzi ye-picule iyafunwa namuhla, eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokushona komlobi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UValentin Pikul wazalelwa eLeningrad ngoJulayi 13, 1928. Abazali uSavva Mikhailovich noMaria Konstantinovna kwakukhona abokufika abavela emindenini yabampofu. Impilo yomlobi yaqala ukuba kube lula - iminyaka yobudala futhi isikhathi sobusha sawela empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe, engazange ifake noma ngubani.
Kufika ebangeni le-4, umfana wahlala nabazali bakhe eLeningrad, wafunda ngokuphelele futhi wavakashela imibuthano yama-acrobatics nokudweba. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kwempi, ipikuli yathuthela eMolotovsk, lapho ubaba wabalobi besikhathi esizayo athole khona umsebenzi. Izivivinyo ezidlulayo zebanga lesi-5, uValya noMama baya eLeningrad, ukuzovakashela ugogo. Ukuqala kwempi akuzange kunikeze umndeni ukubuyela ekhaya ngokwindla, bese kuqala ukuvimba.
Ebusika, ngo-1941-1942, isikhathi esibi kunazo zonke se-blockade, uValentin Savvich nomama wahlala eLeningrad. Kungenzeka ukuthi uphume edolobheni elivinjezelwe kuphela "endleleni yokuphila" - ngaphansi kwe-shelling futhi ngengozi yaphakade yokuya ezansi kweLake Ladoga kanye nemoto. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfana kusuka ekuntulekeni kokudla namavithamini athuthukiswe i-dystrophy kanye nesabelo.
Lo mndeni wasuswa e-Arkhangelsk, ubaba kaPiyule ngaleso sikhathi wayeselwele ezikhundleni zamamashi. UValentin Savvich, naphezu komntwana osemusha, akafuni ukuhlala phansi ngemuva. Kusuka e-Arkhangelsk, le nsizwa yabaleka eSolovki, esikoleni esinezicucu. Ngo-1943, i-pikul yaqeda izifundo zayo futhi yaqondiswa kwimishini eyenziwe nge- "Grozny" yaseNyakatho. Ubaba kaPiyule ngalesi sikhathi wayelahlekile ngaphansi kweStalingrad.
Lo mfo wadlula yonke impi. Ngesikhathi sokulandelana kweJalimane, uValentina wayeneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, futhi ecaleni lakhe uqobo kwakukhona, ngokusho ukuthi uJung V. Pikul wakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezisheshayo.
Ngemuva kokunqoba, le nsizwa yathunyelwa esikoleni samasosha aseLeningrad Sokulungiselela Sokulungiya kwaLeningrad, kodwa ayisebenzi ngokufunda - ngo-1946 waxoshwa ngamagama "ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi." Ezemfundo Esemthethweni, uphinde akhawule amakilasi ezikole ezi-5 - akazange afunde noma kuphi futhi wathola ulwazi ngokuzimela, ngosizo lwezincwadi.
Into yokufunda
Izincwadi zobungcweti zaqala ngokuhambela i-mug of the nurm of ketlin, ophumelele emjahweni weStalinist. Amanoveli okuqala ama-2 awazange adlule "Ukubuyekezwa" ngumlobi futhi andiza edoti. Kwashicilelwa kuphela umsebenzi wesithathu - "Ukuhamba Kwasolwandle". Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-pikule yaseRoma kwaphuthunyiswe e-Union of USSR.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ubungani bakhe baqala ngoViktor Kurochkin noVictor, futhi kuphela indlela ebhalwe phansi. Ngokungafani, abangane bababiza ngokuthi "musketeters amathathu".
Intshisekelo emlandweni waseRussia, kwagcina kuqina i-pikule, kwathi ngo-1961 wabona ukukhanya kwenoveli yeBayazet mayelana nokuvinjezelwa kwempi efanayo phakathi nempi yaseRussia - yaseTurkey. Le ncwadi uValentin Savvich wabheka ukuqala kwe-biography yombhali wakhe. Ngemuva kokuthi umbhali "weBayazet" womlobi wayeshicilelwe njalo, futhi impumelelo eyiqiniso yaqala ukuthola isithombe ngo-1971 le ndaba "inkanyezi" yashicilela inoveli "izimpaphe nenkemba".
Umsebenzi olandelayo, owawuzwakala konke, waba "amandla angcolile." Umzamo wokuqala wokushicilelwa wenzeka ngo-1979, kepha lapho-ke inoveli yabangela isiphepho esinjalo semizwa nabagxeki ukuthi uhlelo olugcwele lwaluyi-10 kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10.
"Amandla angcolile" atshela ngezehlakalo zamandla amaTsarist eRussia, isikhathi lapho isithombe sikaGregory Rasputini sifika ehlelweni lokuqala lesigodlo kanye nezepolitiki. Abagxeki baveze isimangalo sekhono lokuchaza inkathi, izibalo zomlando, umndeni wombuso kanye nemvelo yabo.
Njengomthetho, uProsesi waseValentina Savvich wagxekwa emibuthanweni yenkululeko, asola umlobi esifisweni sokujabulisa abaphathi. "Amandla angcolile" adale imizwa ephikisanayo nabasekeli bezeluleko. Abantu abasondelene ne-picule bathi ngenxa yenoveli, umbhali washaywa, futhi ngokululeka, uSuslov wamiswa ngemuva kwakhe.
Kudedelwe enye inoveli ngesikhathi sangaphambi kwenguquko nesikhathi esiguqukayo, "Hlobisa," kwavela ngo-1986, kepha le ncwadi yazolile.
Umlobi we-Career udlule iminyaka engama-40. Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala imithetho yemibhalo emikhulu engaphezu kwama-30 kanye nezincwadi eziningi zendaba. Ngokwezinkumbulo zikankosikazi wakhe, i-pikul ingasebenza izinsuku. Esikhathini sokuphefumlelwa, akazange abhale nje - waveza futhi wakwazi ngisho nokudlala izigcawu ezivela kumanoveli ngokwakhe. Umlobi wayenezinkolelo-ze - akazange aqale indalo entsha ngoMsombuluko.
I-picule yafika emsebenzini wezemibhalo ngokuzibophezela kakhulu. Akazange anciphise imithombo yesikhulu kuphela, izincwadi ezivunyiwe evunyelwe yiqembu. Ngomlingiswa ngamunye, umlobi waqala ikhadi elihlukile kuwo wonke amaphuzu abalulekile alotshwe ngalo. Ngemuva kokushona kukaValentine amakhadi anjalo ashiywe ngaphezu kwe-1000.
Lo msebenzi wokugcina, ongapheli wombhali waba nguRomani ngokuthi "iBarbarossa" mayelana nomlando wempi yezwe yesibili. Le ncwadi bekufanele ibe namavolumu amabili, ekhefu phakathi kwalo i-pikul yayizobhala inoveli cishe ngekhulu le-18 "lapho amakhosi ayemncane." Amasu amasu awamiselwe ukugcwaliseka - ngaphambi kokushona kukaValentin Savvich wakwazi ukubhala kuphela ingxenye yevolumu yokuqala. Imibono yamanoveli ngeBallerina Pavlova, uMikhail Vrubel, udadewabo kaPeter I Sofye angagcwaliseki.
Ngokusho kwezincwadi ze-picule, amafilimu aphumelelayo kanye nama-serials abhalwe kaningi. Isilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke ngokusho kwamasayithi e-cinema ngesekuhlolelwa inoveli yeMoison, eshicilelwe ngo-1987.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UValentin Pikul wayeshade kathathu. Ngomfazi wokuqala kaZoya Chudakaya, wahlangana neminyaka engu-17 emgqeni. Umshado wawushesha: le ntombazane yakhulelwa, futhi uValentina kwadingeka ashade - ngalezo zikhathi, izimilo azizange zivumele inkululeko. Ukuphela kwendodakazi yombhali, u-Irina, owazuza ifa likaYise kuze kube semanzini wazalwa, wazalwa evela kule nyunyana, kamuva eyaba ngunjiniyela womkhumbi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu siqu yombhali kwaba ngababili bokugcina.
Ngo-1956, uValentine wahlangana noVeronica Feliksovna Chugovna, owaba ngumkakhe wesibili. Owesifazane akazange avume ukumshada naye - akazange acabange njengomkhwenyana womuntu omncane kunaye. IVeronica, yimuphi abangane abangabangani be-Piokul for Sterm Spit Nick Felix, waba umngane oseduze nabanye umbhali.
Umlingani wacabanga impilo yonke, zonke izinkinga 'zezwe "futhi wanikeza uValentina ithuba lokuzinikela kumlobi. Umfazi wesibili, umbhali wanikezela inoveli "nezwi necala". Ngeseluleko seVeronica, umndeni wasuka eLeningrad waya eRigad ukuya eRiga - ngaleyo ndlela wakwazi ukuguqula igumbi egumbini lokulala efulethini lamagumbi amabili. Nokho, kukhona inguqulo ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ehlukile isibe umvuzo wokwethembeka kubaphathi bePiyule.
UVeronica washona ngo-1980, futhi umlobi wahlala yedwa. Ngokuphila, waguqulwa kancane, futhi isisebenzi sika-Antonina sabrary samthatha. Lapho owesifazane enza umusho ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwaba ukumangala ngokuphelele. Bobabili bebevele bantu abadala, u-Antonina Ilinichna - izingane ezimbili ezivela emshadweni wokuqala, futhi kungabikho ukuzothwalelwa kwangaphambili.
Lapho u-Antonina, ngakho-ke, wathi ngeke kwemukele isinqumo esinjalo ngokuzimela futhi kufanele axhumane nezingane, i-pikul yaphendula ngokuthi izomyisa endlini futhi azolinda ngqo isigamu sehora. Uma ukucwila kungangehli - hamba uye ekhaya.
INdodana nendodakazi yavuma, futhi lona wesifazane wathuthela eValentina ngalo lolo suku: Umlobi wayala ukuba angazithathi izinto, wathi impilo izoqala ngeshidi elihlanzekile. Ubudlelwano babashadikazi kwakhiwa emshadweni - ngaphambi kokuthi bacishe babazana. Iminyaka emibili yokuqala ka-Antonina yaze yabizwa ngokuthi umyeni ngegama - i-patronymic.
Le nyunyana yaphenduka iqinile: nowesifazane wesithathu, uValentine waphila kuze kube sekufeni lokufa, no-Antonina waba ngumlobi waKhe oyinhloko. Ngezincwadi ezikhuluma nge-picule, umfelokazi wamukelwa ngababhali baseRussia futhi uthathwa njengodumo oluphambili lwezincwadi zikaValentina Savvich.
Ukushona
I-Valentin Savvich Pikul yashona ngokuzumayo ngoJulayi 16, 1990. Imbangela yokufa yasebenza njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Umlobi wangcwatshwa eRiga, emathuneni amahlathi. Kamuva, umfelokazi wayithola incwadi, kwatholakala umbhalo kwindunduma yakhe, lapho umlobi ebikezela usuku lokufa, emaka izinsuku ezintathu kuphela.
I-Bibliography
- 1954 - "I-Ocean Patrol"
- Ngo-1961 - "I-Bayazet"
- Ngo-1970 - "Requim Caravan PQ-17"
- 1972 - "I-Feather Nenkemba"
- 1973 - "Moonzund"
- 1974 - "Abafana Ngeminsalo"
- 1974-1975 - "Izwi necala"
- 1977 - "Impi Ye-Iron Chancellors"
- Ngo-1979 - "Amandla Angcolile"
- Ngo-1981 - "Iminyaka Emithathu I-Okini-San"
- Ngo-1984 - "Uthando"
- 1985 - "Konke Kwakhe"
- 1986 - "Ukuhlonipha Nginakho"
- 1987 - "Katorga"
- 1990 - "Hlala Unganaso"