I-Biograge
I-Georges Bizeta ngumqambi omkhulu waseFrance, isifiso sepiyano sesikhathi se-Romanticism. Imisebenzi yakhe, yayihlala yathokozela ngabantu bephila, wasinda kuMdali. I-Opera "Carmen", ubuciko bezobuciko bomculo, iqoqa izethameli iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 emikhakheni yezemidlalo ehamba phambili emhlabeni.Ubuntwana nentsha
UGeorges Bizet wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1838 eParis. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi igama lalowo ongumqambi nguLexander Cesar Leopold, ukuhlonipha ababusi abakhulu, futhi uGeorge watholakala ngobhapathizo.
Unina kaGeorge, u-Eme, wayengumdlali wepiyano, futhi umfowabo uFrancois Delta - umculi nothisha wezwi. Ubaba ka-Adolf-Amon wahlanganyela ekwenziweni kwama-wigs, wabe eseba ngumfundisi wokucula, naphezu kokuntuleka kwemfundo ekhethekile.
Endlini esemgwaqweni, i-Tour D'verch ihlala ikhala ngomculo, ithakazelisa ingane. Esikhundleni sokudlala nontanga, uGeorges Little Georges waqonda uphawu lokuzilibazisa ngokuzilibazisa, umama wafundisa indodana yakhe ukuthi idlale upiyano.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, uBiza waya esikoleni futhi wakuthanda ukufunda, kodwa ume, ebona amakhono ahlaba umfana emculweni, amphoqa ukuthi ahlale epiyano. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngosuku lwe-Eva yoSuku Lokuzalwa lwe-10, ngo-Okthoba 9, 1848, uGeorge wangena emculweni weParis ngePorovo Pillar ekilasini laseMarnonel, uthisha odumile wePiyano wekhulu le-2 lekhulu le-2.
Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wayenememori ezwakalayo ezwayo nememori yesikhathi esizayo, wathola umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni weSolfeggio, owanikeza ilungelo lezifundo zamahhala ekwakhiweni kothisha odumile wesikhathi sikaPierre Tsimmerman. Leli thuluzi lithuthelwe ngemuva, kwavela iphupho ukubhala umculo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu ekilasini likapiyano, ukubopha kwaqala ukutadisha ukwakheka e-Firemantal Gallevy, uthisha, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weParisian "Theatre Italing". Ukubhalwa komculo kuthathwe umfundi osontekile ngaleso sikhathi wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile.
Ngokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa kukaGeorges kwaqala ukudlala emzimbeni ekilasini likaProfesa uFrancois Manua futhi ngokushesha wanqoba owesibili, bese kuthi umklomelo wokuqala we-Conservatory ngokwenza amakhono.
Umculo
Eminyakeni yokufunda, i-bizet yadala imisebenzi yokuqala yomculo: "Symphony to Mast", kuze kube ngu-1933, kutholakala ezinqolobaneni zeParis Conservatory, kanye ne-Opera ye-Opera ".
Umuntu omaziyo emphakathini ongumqambi we-novice wenzeka ngemuva komncintiswano wokudala owamenyezelwa nguJacques Offenbach, umnikazi wethiyetha elijikelezayo lase-Buff-Parisen eMontmartre. Kwakudingeka ukubhala ukusebenza kwamahlaya omculo ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinhlamvu ezi-4. Umvuzo - Indondo yegolide kanye nama-1200 ama-franc. UBizé wethule i-Jury Operetta "Dkt. Miracle" futhi wahlukanisa umklomelo ngokuvuza okuvuthayo.
Ngo-1857, emqhudelwaneni waminyaka yonke we-Academy of Fineest Arts, umqambi we-novice waqamba uCantatu Klovis noClotilda, waba ngumklomelo womklomelo wamaRoma, wathola isibonelelo eRoma. UBiza wahlatshwa umxhwele ubuhle be-Italy, waba nesithakazelo e-Opera, wathandana noMculo kaMozart noRafael. ERoma, umqambi bekufanele adale uCintatha ngaphansi kwemibandela yesibonelelo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ngaqamba i-comic opera "Don Prokopio" kanye ne-Odu-Symmony "Vasco da Gamma".
Ekwindla ngo-1960, i-Internship Bizet yaphoqeleka ukuthi iphazamise ngenxa yesifo sikamama, futhi ibuyela eParis. Iminyaka emithathu elandelayo isibe nzima e-biography yokudala yomqambi. UGeorges kwadingeka ukuba azenzele ukudalwa kwe-Entertainment Music yamakhonsathi we-cafe, amakhonsathi ama-orchestral ama-orchestral wemisebenzi edumile yepiyano, anikeze izifundo zangasese.
Njengoba uLaureate Roman, i-Bizet kwadingeka ukuthi ibhale umsebenzi wamahlaya we-Opera Comedian Theatre, kepha akunakwenzeka ngezizathu zomuntu. Ngo-1961, umama washona, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kwafa nothisha u-Oristantal Gallevi. Ngo-1863, umqambi, ukunqoba okuhlangenwe nakho, wadala i-Opera Opera "Abafuna i-Pearl", bese u-Opera "Perth Beauty" esizeni sikaWalter Scott.
Kuma-70s aqala ukuthuthuka kwe-bizet yokudala. Ithiyetha le- "Opera Comic" leshashalazi ladlula kwi-Premiere ye- "Jamile", abagxeki kanye nababukeli baye babonga isitayela esibuthakathaka nobuhle bezinhloso zomsebenzi wama-Arab. Kumqambi weComposer we-1872 waqamba umculo ku-Alfonson Dodé DODé "Arselia". Ukuhlelwa kwalo akuphumelelanga futhi kwaphinde kwahlelwa ngumlobi ku-Orchestral Suite.
I-vertex ye-vertex ye-Creativity Bizet yaba i-Opera "Carmen", ayilinganiswa ngesikhathi sokuphila kombhali. Induna ka-1875 yehlulekile futhi yabangela ukusabela okungekuhle kwabezindaba, ukukhiqizwa kwabizwa ngokuthi kuyehlazeka nokuziphatha okubi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukusebenza ngonyaka wokuqala kwaboniswa amahlandla angama-45. Ababukeli baye kuye emvela elukuluku, bakhuphuke ngesigamu ngemuva kokushona komqambi.
UBiza akazange aphile ngaphambi kokuqashelwa kwendalo yakhe. Impendulo yokuqala eyakhayo yavela ngonyaka ngemuva kwe-premiere. "UCarmen" walinganiselwa uRichard Wagner, uJohannes Brahms. UPeter Ilenich Tchaikovsky, ngaphezu kwesisodwa phakathi konyaka, ebheka umkhiqizo, wabhala:
"UBise ungumculi, enikeza intela iminyaka nobudala, kodwa wafudumala ngokuphefumlelwa kwangempela. Futhi yeka isakhiwo esihle kakhulu se-opera! Angikwazi ukudlala indawo yokugcina ngaphandle kwezinyembezi! "Ababukeli bathandana ne-heroine, imidwebo yomculo yayo eyachithwa emikhakheni kaHabarov, iPolo, amaSiegidillas. Amaphephabhuku kaToreabur abumba izinhliziyo zomphakathi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala uBiza lwalungu-Italian Giuseppa. Lobu budlelwano bebengemiselwe ukuba yinde, ngoba umqambi ushiye i-Italy, futhi intombazane ayizange imlandele.
Iqiniso elihehayo kwi-biography yombhali "UCarmen" wayengumuntu othanda izinto ozithandayo zeMadame Mogador, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Countess de Shabryan, umculi we-Opera uMedame Lionel, umlobi uCeleste Varán. Le ntokazi yayimdala kakhulu uGeorge, wasebenzisa udumo oluhlazo. Umqambi wawungajabule naye, wahlushwa imizwa yehla nakunye. Ngemuva kokuphula isikhathi eside wafika ekucindezelekeni.
Injabulo ka-Bize itholakala nendodakazi kathisha wakhe uGallevy, uGeneva. Umshado wandulela umzabalazo onenkani nezihlobo zabakhethiweyo, ababephikisana nomshado. Abancane bavikele uthando lwabo futhi bashada ngoJuni 3, 1869, bahlala khona abathandwa ngabantu abadala indawo yeBarbizon.
Ngo-1870, kwaqala impi empini kaFranco-Prussian, umqambi wabiza izigaba zohlobo lwezwe, kodwa washeshe wakhululwa enkonzweni njengomfundaze wamaRoma. Uthathe umfazi osemncane waseBarbizon wabuyela eParis, lapho ayengasiza khona abavikeli bomuzi.
NgoJulayi 10, 1871, uGenevideve wabeletha indodana, wabiza uJacques. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, umqambi wayenezingane ezimbili, umfana we-2nd Jean - waseMaid of Maria Reuters. UGeorgege wamthanda indodana yakhe nomkayo, kepha akakwazanga ukujabula kakhulu empilweni yakhe. UGenevieve wawubukeke ulahlekelwe ngumlingani wakhe futhi waqala inoveli eno-pianist kanye no-Eli Miriyam demord. Bopha wayazi ngakho futhi ukhathazekile kakhulu.
Ukushona
Ukufa kwe-Biza kuseyimfihlakalo kubacwaningi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke eBuwalle, lapho umndeni wemiqambi uphelezelwa khona ama-Mary's Maid Reuters nendodana yakhe waya ehlobo. Bahlala endlini yezindaba ezimbili, bagcinwe kuze kube manje, isithombe sakhe sikwi-Intanethi.
UBiza uyagula, kepha akuzange kumvimbe ngoMeyi 29, 1875 ukuhamba ngezinyawo emfuleni lapho kuncipha khona umkakhe nomakhelwane. UGeorge wayethanda ukubhukuda. Wahlenga emanzini abandayo. NgoMeyi 30, umqambi walahla ukuhlaselwa kwe-rheumatism ngomkhuhlane kanye nezinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki, isandla kanye nemilenze yenqatshiwe. Ngosuku kamuva, kwahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Lapho udokotela efika, uBiza waba lula, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside.
Ngosuku olulandelayo isiguli sichithwe ekukhohlisweni, kwathi kusihlwa sokuhlasela saphindwa. Umqambi ushone ngoJuni 3, 1875. Owokugcina owabona umqambi ephila kwakuwumhlobiso. Udokotela washo imbangela yokufa: inhlekelele yenhliziyo ye-rheumatism eyingqayizivele.
Uhlobo lwe-Sentatational luvezwe omunye umqambi u-Antoni de Sudon, owaqala ukufika eBuzeveval, efunda ngale nhlekelele. Uthe lokho ngesifebe sakhe kwakuyisilonda esinqunyiwe, esingasebenzisa lona kamuva owabona uGeorge ephila, okungukuthi umhlobiso. Umakhelwane wayenezizathu zokubulala, wayenakekela uGeneva, futhi umyeni wakhe wema esendleleni eya enjabulweni. Kamuva, umlingisi wayefuna ukushada nomfelokazi womqambi, kepha umshado awuzange wenzeke.
Enye imbangela yokufa koMdali kaCarmen, abacwaningi babheka ukuzibulala. Ngokubona kwabo, isilonda umqambi azilimaze, azame ukusika i-trachea noma umthambo. Izizathu zokucabanga okunjalo. Muva nje, uGeorges wacindezelwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kokudala kanye nezifo. Ngaphambi kokusuka eBuzheli, waletha ukuhleleka emaphepheni, wenza imiyalo ebalulekile. Udokotela owathi ukufa wakwazi ukufihla iqiniso lokuzibulala ngesicelo sezihlobo.
Imibhalo eqinisekisa noma yiziphi izinguqulo azigcinwanga. Umalume uGenevive, uLouis Gallevy, waqhuba idayari engasikhanyisela imfihlakalo yokufa komqambi, kodwa imigqa ebhalwe ngemuva kokubhujiswa komcimbi odabukisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfelokazi we-Bizet afuna abangane kanye nabantu obajwayele ukuqeda izincwadi zikaGeorges kule minyaka engu-5 edlule.
Umqambi wembelwa eLanez yamathuna. Umkhosi wenziwa izindinyana ezivela emisebenzini kamufi. Ngemuva konyaka, kwasungulwa itshe lesikhumbuzo sensimu yaseDubois ethuneni nombhalo osesisekelweni:
"UGeorge Bizé, umndeni wakhe nabangane."Ukusebenza
Izikhali ezingupende
- 1858-1859 - "Don Prokopio"
- Ngo-1862-1863 - "Abafuna I-Pearl"
- Ngo-1862-1865 - "Ivan IV"
- Ngo-1866 - "Ubuhle be-Pertsk"
- 1873-1874 - "UCarmen"
Operetta
- 1855-1857 - "Eloise de Montfor"
- 1855-1857 - "Buyisa IVirginia"
- Ngo-1857 - Klovis noClotilda
- Ngo-1857 - "Dr. Miracle"
Od-Symphony
- Ngo-1859 - "U-Ulysses kanye Tsires"
- 1859-1860 - "Vasco da Gama"
Isebenzela i-Orchestra
- Ngo-1866-1868 - "IRoma" ("Izinkumbulo ZeRoma")
- Ngo-1873 - Ukuqoshwa "Izwekazi"