I-Biograge
UJerome Kull Jerome - British Playwright kanye umlobi, odume kakhulu eRussia eRussia waba phezulu kunaseBrithani wakubo. Umlobi womsebenzi odumile "Abathathu esikebheni, bengabali inja" baphila impilo ecebile, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wawugcwele izivivinyo.
UJerome K. Jerome wazalelwa emndenini omkhulu ngoMeyi 2, 1859 esifundeni saseStaffordshire, eWasson. Ubaba womndeni wawungumfudukise odlulile waseHungary, owashintsha igama eliseJerome washaya uJerome. Wasebenza njengomshumayeli ngaphandle kweSan, wathengisa ukuthengiswa kwemayini yehadiwe, yokwakha kanye namalahle.
Ukukholelwa inhlanhla, uJerome Sr. utshale imali emalini ekwenziweni kwezimayini kunokuletha umkakhe nezingane ezi-4 esimweni sezimali esihlukile. Umndeni wathuthela eLondon ngokuzuza futhi uzinze esifundeni esingesihle, empumalanga. Izingane zachazwa esikoleni.
IJerome-Young ayinandaba namakilasi futhi ayizange iqhube ubungane nontanga. Uthando lwakhe olukhulu yincwadi. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, umfana wavuma ukuhambahamba edolobheni, usizo, ukuhambela konyaka kwezokuhamba kuvunyelwe ukuhlola imigwaqo ehlukene. Intsha ebuzayo yabonwa ngezinto ezincane azibonayo emaphethelweni aseLondon, yabuka abantu abahlukahlukene nezimo, ikhulisa ibhange lakhe lengulube yombhali wesikhathi esizayo.
UJerome-Seniman ushonile ngokuzumayo ngo-1871, ngakho-ke indodana kwakufanele ishiye izifundo zabo ukuze izuze. Isikhundla sokuqala endleleni yomsebenzi kwakuyisikhundla somabhalane enkampanini yezitimela. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, uJerome waqala ukufaka isandla kwisabelomali somkhaya, kwathi ngonina washona ngo-1875. Ngokubambisana nodadewabo kaPaulina, uBlandina noMfoweth 'uMilton, umfana waphoqeleka ukuba azinakekele. Eminyakeni eyalandela wayefuna indawo eya lapho eya khona, ehlanganisa ubuciko ngesidingo sokuthola isinkwa.
Kusukela ngo-1977, Jerome kusukela ngo-1977. UK. Jerome wayengumlingisi weqembu ahlukahlukene futhi evakashelwa iminyaka emi-3 kwayo yonke eNgilandi. Wenza ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym urold cricton. Umculi wokuqala akazange anciphise ukuqashelwa futhi athathe umhlalaphansi evela endaweni yesehlakalo. UJerome wakwazi ukuba nguthisha, umsizi, umsizi, iphakethe, intatheli.
Njengentatheli, le nsizwa yabhala indatshana, kepha ayitholanga iziphakamiso zokushicilelwa. Inoveli "esiteji nangemuva kwesigameko", sabhalwa ngo-1885, saletha impumelelo endelwe yisikhathi eside. Umlobi wakhuluma ngesipiliyoni sakhe esimangalisayo futhi enesifiso salo mphakathi.
Izincwadi
Impumelelo yendatshana yokuqala eshicilelwe yambozwa ngumlobi. Ngemuva konyaka, wabhala le ndaba "imicabango engenzi lutho", eyaziswa kakhulu ngumphakathi. UJerome K. Jerome wanquma ukuzinikela emisebenzini ebhaliwe. Ngo-1889, ukukhanya kwabona umsebenzi oyinhloko wombhali - "Abathathu esikebheni, bengabali izinja."
Umbhali akazange ahlele ukwenza amahlaya i-leitmotif enkulu yencwadi. Ama-prototypes wabalingiswa abaphambili abenze umsuka womlobi uGeorge Wingrove noKarl Hansel. Le noveli yaba ukulandisa kwezimo zamahlaya lapho abangane bahlaselwa khona ngesikebhe eThames.
Ngemuva kwencwadi, le ncwadi ngokushesha baba umsebenzi owuthandayo weBritish. Isibalo sezikebhe ngaseThames, ngalesi sikhathi sanda kakhulu, esasiheha izivakashi ezintsha emfuleni. Iminyaka engama-20, kwathengiswa amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1. Ulethe umlobi imali emnandi efake isandla ekuqaleni komsebenzi omkhulu wokudala. UJerome Kull Jerome wabhala inoveli kanye ne-eseyi embalwa, kepha abaphumelelanga kangako njengomsebenzi wokuqala.
Ngo-1892, kanye nabangane bakhe, wanyathelisa lo magazini othi "Lazy", wethule ithandwa kuwo wonke ama-UK. Emaphepheni akhe ashicilele imisebenzi kaRobert Stevenson, uhlobo lwabantu abangama-Twee nabanye ababhali abadumile. I-Satirical Edition for Gentlemen enikelwe kwizinkondlo zikahulumeni, izindaba, amanothi okuhamba, izingxoxo kanye nokubuyekezwa.
Ngo-1893, uJerome wasungula le ncwadi "namuhla", kepha owokuqala noma omagazini wesibili ababange baphenduke inzuzo enenzuzo yokutshala imali, futhi bobabili babevaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi saya emsebenzini nemisebenzi yabanye abantu, futhi anginaso isikhathi sokubhala uJerome. IsiFitole Finale saphawulwa ukukhishwa kweqoqo lezindaba "imidwebo yeLilav, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza".
Uhambo oluya eJalimane ngo-1898 luphefumulelwe umlobi ekwakhiweni kwenoveli "ezintathu ezine", kwakhulelwa njengokuqhubeka kwendaba ejabulisayo mayelana nobungani be-Merry. Ukuchazwa kokuzivocavoca kwamaqhawe akubanga injabulo enjalo njenge-opus yokuqala, kodwa ngemuva kokushicilelwa, kwatholakala ngo-1900, kwafunwa kubafundi.
Ngemuva kokuhambela eRussia ngo-1899, umlobi wabhala i-Essay "abantu bekusasa", enyatheliswa ngo-1906. Ngo-1902, iminyaka yesikole "yayanyatheliswa amasimu eChelver. Abaphenyi bobuciko bombhali babheka i-autobiography yakhe kaJerome K. Jerome.
Ngenxa yomlobi, prose kanye nemisebenzi yenkondlo. Indawo ehlukile emsebenzini wakhe yayihlala emidlalweni. UBarbara, obhalwe ngo-1885, waqala ukufudumala eMelika nasezakhiweni eziseshashalazini zase-UK. "Miss Gobbs" iphumelele ngempumelelo. Umsebenzi we- "Abaqashi abavela esitezi sesithathu" bekuvame ukuvezwa emkhiqizweni, yize kunganciphisi ukuvunyelwa kwabagxeki. Umlobi wawuthanda umsebenzi wokudlala, futhi wasebenzela inhlekelele ngokuzithandela.
Amaqoqo wezindaba "izindaba, atshelwa ngemuva kokudla" kanye "nedolobha laseMaritime kanye nezinye izipoki" ahlanganisa isiqalo esiyimfihlakalo, ezesabekayo kanye nenganekwane, ezethule uJerome K. Jerome ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngemuva kwempi, inoveli "u-Antoni John" kanye nezikhumbuzo zomlobi "impilo yami ne-epoch", eyaphawula nge-biography yakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-June 21, 1888, uJerome waba ngumlingani osemthethweni waseGeorgina Maryss ngo-Eictanaged Etty. Umlobi wayengeyena umlandeli we-Institute of the Family, kodwa uthando olungazelelwe lwashintsha ukubukwa kwakhe emhlabeni, okuphambene neqiniso lokuthi othandekayo wake washada ngaphambili waletha indodakazi eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala. Emva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sayo, umshado nomlobi, owabanjwa nophola lokutholwa. I-Honeymoon esetshenziswe eThames, iphefumulelwe uJerome ukudala inoveli enkulu yempilo yakhe.
Kanye nomndeni wakhe, wazinza eChelsea, indawo ebonakalayo yaseLondon. Ehhovisi nezinhlobo ezikhuthazayo, wadala incwadi edumile, eyayihlunga kaningi amafilimu. Ngo-1898, kwavela indodakazi kaGeneral of Sposes emhlabeni, iRoven. Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali iphumelele.
I-Patriot yezwe lakhe, ngo-1914, uJerome waba yivolontiya futhi walulama ngaphambili ukuvikela udumo lwe-Great Britain eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-55, wathumela alimele emigqeni yempi ngemoto ehlanzekile. Okuvelile okutholwe ngesikhathi sezimpi zakulo badlala indima enkulu ekubukeni komhlaba wonke ngomlobi, kwathi ukushona kukaPadshechitsa ngo-1921 kwaqhamuka ku-Jerome.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaJerome K. Jerome yayihlala epulazini "Corner Corner" eCounty of Buckinghamshire. Ehlobo lika-1927, washona esibhedlela saseNyakathoHhoton. Imbangela yokufa yayiwunhlamvu ohluphekile. Umlobi wangcwatshwa esontweni laseSt. Mary e-Edima eduze kwethuna lodadewabo.
Kwakunendawo yokugcina yokugcina umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe. U-Etty wasinda oshade naye iminyaka eyi-11. Indodakazi kaRoven izama ukwakha umsebenzi wokusebenza. Akazange ashade futhi wehluleka ukuba ngumculi ofunwa ngemuva. Owesifazane washona ngo-1966.
E-Walson kuyintoum-museum enikezelwe empilweni yomuntu siqu nomsebenzi kaJerome Broski Jerome. Izivakashi ziza lapha ukuze zifunde kabanzi ngomlobi ngaphezulu.
Amacaphuna
"Ubuphofu akuyona ububi. Ukuthi kungaba yini ububi, ubengeke abe namahloni. "" Imigwaqo yempilo igcwele, futhi uma sidedela isandla somuntu, maduze nje sizophuma sikude. "" Abaningi bethu bafana neqhude. Ilanga liphuma njalo ekuseni ukuze lilalele ukuthi licula kanjani. "" Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, njengoba besho, kungakanani ukukhokha ngokweqile - ungakakhokhelwa. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1886 - "Ku-Seine nangemuva kwezigcawu"
- 1889 - "Ukugubha Imicabango Yevila"
- 1889 - "Abathathu esikebheni, bengabala izinja"
- I-1889 - "Idayari yokuhamba nge-One Pilgrimage"
- Ngo-1891 - "I-Pirushku enezipoki"
- Ngo-1893 - "Sabhala kanjani inoveli"
- Ngo-1897 - "Imidwebo yeLilav, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza"
- Ngo-1898 - "ezintathu ngamasondo amane"
- Ngo-1907 - "Ama-Lilts avela esitezi sesithathu"
- 1909 - "Mina kanye nami"
- 1923 - "Anthony John"